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Class07 Python II

Uploaded by

jamie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4/4/2023

SIJ1004
Introduction to Computational Biology

Class 7. Python part 2

Control structures
• Computer programs = sequences of instructions (followed one after the other).

• Sequence is a fundamental concept of programming, but alone, it is not sufficient


to solve every problem.

• Altering the sequential flow of a program to suit the needs of a particular


situation.

• Control structures  commands that enable a program to “take decisions”,


following one path or another.
• Sequential control structure: The execution of the program statements happens
line by line.
• Selection control structure: Decision making
• Iteration control structure: Repeat command.

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Control structures - Conditional Statements


• Also called “Decision structures”.
• One type of control structures, are statements that allow a
program to execute different sequences of instructions for
different cases,
• Decision making  the basic decision statement in programming
is selection structure.
• The decision is described to computer as a conditional statement
that can be answered “True” or “False” (Boolean condition).
• Conditional statement in Python:
• If statement
• if … else statement
• if … elif … else statement
• Nested if … else statement

1. if statement
• Allow the program to respond to input from user.
• A condition:
• True or false
• Value

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2. if … else statement
• Alternative execution.
• Two possibilities determined by the
conditions
• Allow the program to respond to
input from user.
• A condition:
• True or false
• Value

3. if … elif … else statement


• elif  a keyword used in Python for “else if”.
• To place another condition in the program.
• Chained conditional. Allows more than two possibilities
 need more than 2 branches

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if statement & comparison


• comparison operators
– ==
– !=
– <=

4. Nested if statement
• We can write an entire “if … else” statement in another “if … else” statement.

Example:

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Multi-way decisions: if-elif-else


• A special kind of nesting is the chain of if-
else-if-else-… statements
• Can be written elegantly using if-elif-..-else
if cond1: if cond1:
s1 s1
else: elif cond2:
if cond2: s2
s2 elif cond3:
else: s3
if cond3: elif …
s3 else
else: last-block-of-stmt
…

Control structures - Looping Statements

• Repetitive program codes


• Looping statement in Python:
• while statement
• for loop statement
• Nested for loop statement

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1. while loop statement


• A Python program that repeatedly executes a target
statement as long as a given condition is true

2. for loop statement


• Another repetitive control structure
used to execute a target statement
until the condition becomes false.
• Used to iterate over a sequence (list,
tuple, string).

• Initiating by specifying a variable and


command the action

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