A State of the Art review on Renewable and Sustainable rejuvenators for reclaimed asphalt

pavement

My feedback about this paper

First of all, if you are putting renewable and sustainable on your main title, you need to include all
issue related to the cost and environment. For example you need to discuss cost-benefit analysis of
rap aged binder with neat binder and read and compare their review paper data. Second,
environmental analysis to see the reduction emissions, Co2, etc, how they reduce what quantity.

If you also inclue performance, this paper will be too big. Because performance has other issues like
physical properties rheological properties and chemical properties of asphalt binder.

As a result, this is a good topic, but its scope is very big, and may need more work.

With the increasing cost of raw materials for asphalt pavement and the increasing strict
environmental protection, the sustainable development of economy and environment has become
a hot issue in asphalt industry. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a widely approved technology
that can replace a certain proportion of virgin materials needed in newly- built asphalt pavement,
and reduce the amount of road pavement waste in landfill. As the use of RAP has several benefits;
however, the binder in RAP is aged and gets brittle, causes a decline in pavement strength. To
overcome the aging issue, one promising approach considered is the used of vegetable-based oils.

This paper reviews the literature on the use of vegetable-based oils as rejuvenators for RAP and
their impact on the performance of the asphalt mixture. The findings indicated that vegetable-
based oils, such soybean, sunflower and canola oil, improved the overall performance of asphalt
mixture. however, further research is needed to determine the optimal oil type and concentration,
as well as its long-term durability and performance under various weather and traffic conditions.

The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) has become increasingly popular as a sustainable and
cost-effective solution in road construction. However, the properties of RAP material deteriorate
over time, which affects its performance and durability. To address this issue, bio-based oil
rejuvenators, such as sunflower oil, have been proposed as a potential sustainable alternative to
traditional rejuvenators. This abstract reviews the current state of knowledge on the potential and
optimal use of bio-based oil rejuvenators in RAP and their effect on pavement performance. Several
studies have shown that bio-based oil rejuvenators can improve the performance of RAP by
restoring its aged binder properties and enhancing its mechanical and rheological characteristics.
The effectiveness of these rejuvenators can depend on several factors, including the type and
properties of the RAP material, the dosage and application method of the rejuvenator, the mixing
and compaction conditions, and the environmental factors. Overall, the use of bio-based oil
rejuvenators, such as sunflower oil, offers a promising renewable source for improving the
performance and sustainability of RAP in pavement construction. However, further research is
needed to optimize their use and fully understand their potential benefits and limitations.
Keywords: Hot mix asphalt; Reclaimed asphalt; Rejuvenator; High temperature performance; Low
temperature performance; Moisture resistance

1. Introduction
Over the past few decades, asphalt pavement has been widely used around the world due to its
better performance, and comfortable driving conditions. As asphalt pavement is subjected to
loads and environmental conditions, it loses its strength and deteriorates. It is common practice
in pavement maintenance to mill the top layer and replace it with new one. Once these
deteriorated pavements are milled and crushed, they are called reclaimed asphalt pavement
(RAP).
RAP is a granular pavement material containing mixture of bitumen and aggregates produced
after the removal of the asphalt pavement by milling partial. The use of RAP in HMA can
replace a certain proportion of asphalt binder and aggregate needed in newly-built asphalt
pavement and eliminates the need to dispose old asphalt pavements, which can realize the
recycling of resources and reduce the production cost.
Although the use of RAP in asphalt mixtures has numerous advantages; however, several
studies assessed that their use at high percentage could effect on the cracking resistance and
low temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. RAP in HMA stiffens the mixture and
continue to do so as the percentage of RAP increases [14]. This overlay stiff mix is produced due
to the presence of aged asphalt binder in the RAP, during the aging process asphalt binder loses
its strain-tolerant properties; that is, asphaltenes in the binder flocculate, the ratio of
Maltenes/Asphatenes is reduced which eventually results in stiffer and brittle binder.
The use of rejuvenators with asphalt binder can restore the properties of aged asphalt binder
and provide numerous benefits, such as improving the viscosity and stiffness of aged asphalt
binders. However, if these rejuvenators are not used in a proper amount, it can affect adversely
the properties of asphalt binder.
Hence this study was undertaken to review the available literature on the effect of rejuvenators
on the RAP aged binder properties. It is hoped that the results of this review may be helpful for
pavement engineers to make conscious decisions in designing the HMA-RAP.

The use of renewable resources for pavement construction has gained significant attention in
recent years, given the need to reduce environmental impact and promote sustainable
development. Bio-based oil rejuvenators are derived from plant-based sources and have the
advantage of being renewable and environmentally friendly. They offer an alternative to traditional
petroleum-based rejuvenators that are derived from non-renewable resources and have a
significant environmental impact.

Several studies have investigated the use of bio-based oil rejuvenators in RAP and their effect on
pavement performance. A study by Liu et al. (2017) found that the use of sunflower oil as a
rejuvenator in RAP improved its stiffness and fatigue resistance. Another study by Kavussi et al.
(2020) found that the use of canola oil as a rejuvenator in RAP improved its rutting resistance and
low-temperature performance.

The effectiveness of bio-based oil rejuvenators can depend on several factors, including the type
and properties of the RAP material, the dosage and application method of the rejuvenator, the
mixing and compaction conditions, and the environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to
optimize their use and fully understand their potential benefits and limitations.

This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on the potential and optimal use of bio-based oil
rejuvenators in RAP and their effect on pavement performance. The aim of this review is to provide
a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and limitations of using bio-based oil rejuvenators
in RAP and to identify areas where further research is needed.

2. The Significance of using rejuvenator oil with RAP in Asphalt Pavement ()

2.1 Environmental Benefits
2.2 Potential Cost Savings

3. Vegetable-based Rejuvenator type and mechanism

1. The chemical components of each rejuvenator contributing to performance improvement

2. The Optimal Percentage of the rejuvenator oil

Factors contributing to the allocation of oil percentage

3. The chemical mechanism through which rejuvenator improves Pavement properties

4. The comparative analysis of selected rejuvenators cost saving with traditional rejuvenators
5. Availability of different rejuvenator in different regions

4. The factors affecting the compatibility between rejuvenator and RAP

5. The effect of viscosity and density on the performance of each rejuvenator of RAP mixture.

6. The workability improvement and reduction of energy required for mixing and compaction

7. The performance requirements for Pavement with rejuvenator and RAP

8. The range of optimal Percentage of RAP

9. The RAP characteristics that effect the selection of oil percentage

10. Benefits of the addition of Vegetable oil to Pavement Distresses

11. The range of virgin Asphalt grade and its effect on selection of rejuvenator

12. High temperature performance of asphalt mixture

12.1 Effects of RAP content on high temperature performance of RAP blended mixture.
 12.2 Effect of rejuvenator on high temperature performance of RAP blended mixtures

13. Low temperature performance of asphalt mixture

13.1 Effects of RAP content on low temperature performance of RAP blended mixture.
13.2 Effects of rejuvenators on low temperature performance of RAP blended mixture

14. Moisture Susceptibility of HMA-RAP

14.1 Effect of RAP content on moisture susceptibility of HMA-RAP.
14.2 Effects of Rejuvenator on Moisture Susceptibility of HMA-RAP
14.3

15. The tests suitable for performance assessment

16. The climatic and regional suitability of the rejuvenators

17. The impact of rejuvenator on the environment and construction industry

18. The factors that affect the performance of rejuvenator and asphalt

19. Recommendations for future studies

20. Conclusion

6.
References:

Kavussi, A., Zaman, M., & Zhuge, Y. (2020). Investigation of canola oil as a rejuvenator for
high RAP content asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 234, 117418.

Liu, S., Shu, X., Wang, Z., & Yao, H. (2017). Investigation on the
performance of rejuvenated asphalt mixtures containing high proportions of
reclaimed asphalt pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 136, 51-
59.