1.

IB Topic(5) : Energetics Paper 2

1. Propane can be formed by the hydrogenation of propene.

CH3CH=CH2(g) + H2(g) → CH3CH2CH3(g)

(i) State the conditions necessary for the hydrogenation reaction to occur.
(2)

(ii) Enthalpy changes can be determined using average bond enthalpies. Define the term
average bond enthalpy.
(2)

(iii) Determine a value for the hydrogenation of propene using information from Table 10
of the Data Booklet.
(2)

(iv) Explain why the enthalpy of hydrogenation of propene is an exothermic process.

(1)
(Total 7 marks)

1. (i) nickel / platinum / palladium;

150–200 °C / heat; 2
Accept temperatures in this range.
Accept room temperature as an answer if platinum or palladium used.
(ii) the enthalpy change when (one mole of) the gaseous bond is
broken (or formed) / X–Y(g) → X(g) + Y(g) / X(g) + Y(g) → X–Y(g);
averaged for the same bond in a number of similar compounds / OWTTE; 2
(iii) energy in: C=C + H–H and energy out: C–C + 2C–H;
Accept energy in C–C + 6C–H + C=C + H–H and energy
out 2C–C + 8C–H.
–1
∆H = (612 + 436) – (347 + 826) = 1048 – 1173 / –125 (kJ mol ); 2
Award [2] for correct final answer.
Award [1] for +125.
If old Data Booklet values then allow: ∆H = 1048 – 1172
–1
= –124 (kJ mol )

(iv) due to the relative strength of the C–C and 2C–H bonds
compared to the C=C and H–H bonds / bonds in products
stronger than bonds in reactants; 1
[7]
 2. IB Topic(5) : Energetics Paper 2

In an experiment to measure the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol, a student heated a

3
copper calorimeter containing 100 cm of water with a spirit lamp and collected the
following data.

Initial temperature of water: 20.0 °C

Final temperature of water: 55.0 °C
Mass of ethanol burned: 1.78 g
–3
Density of water: 1.00 g cm

(i) Use the data to calculate the heat evolved when the ethanol was combusted.
(2)

(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion per mole of ethanol. (iii) Suggest
two reasons why the result is not the same as the value in the Data Booklet.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

2. (i) 100 × 4.18 × 35.0;

14630 J / 14600 J / 14.6 kJ;
Award [2] for correct final answer.
No ECF here if incorrect mass used. 2

1.78
(ii) 46.08 = 0.0386 mol;
14.6
0.0386 = (–)378 kJ mol–1;
–1
Accept (–)377 and (–)379 kJ mol .
Award [2] for correct final answer. 2

(iii) heat loss;

incomplete combustion;
heat absorbed by calorimeter not included;
Accept other sensible suggestions. 2 max
[6]
 3. IB Topic(5) : Energetics Paper 2

The data below are from an experiment to measure the enthalpy change for the reaction of aqueous
copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4(aq) and zinc, Zn(s).

2+ 2+
Cu (aq) + Zn(s) → Cu(s) + Zn (aq)
3 –3
50.0 cm of 1.00 mol dm copper(II) sulfate solution was placed in a polystyrene cup and
zinc powder was added after 100 seconds. The temperature-time data was taken from a data-
logging software program. The table shows the initial 23 readings.

A straight line has been drawn through some of the data points. The equation for this line is
given by the data logging software as

T = –0.050t + 78.0

where T is the Temperature at time t.

(a) The heat produced by the reaction can be calculated from the temperature change, ΔT,
using the expression below.

Heat change = Volume of CuSO4(aq) × Specific heat capacity of H2O × ∆T

Describe two assumptions made in using this expression to calculate heat changes.
(2)

(b) (i) Use the data presented by the data logging software to deduce the temperature
change, ∆T, which would have occurred if the reaction had taken place
instantaneously with no heat loss.
(2)

(ii) State the assumption made in part (b)(i).

(1)

(iii) Calculate the heat, in kJ, produced during the reaction using the expression
given in part (a).
(1)

(c) The colour of the solution changed from blue to colourless. Deduce the amount, in
moles, of zinc which reacted in the polystyrene cup.
(1)

–1
(d) Calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ mol , for this reaction.
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
3. (a) all heat is transferred to water/copper sulfate solution / no heat loss;
specific heat capacity of zinc is zero/negligible / no heat is
absorbed by the zinc;
density of water/solution = 1.0 / density of solution = density of water;
heat capacity of cup is zero / no heat is absorbed by the cup;
specific heat capacity of solution = specific heat capacity of water;
temperature uniform throughout solution;
Award [1] each for any two.
Accept energy instead of heat. 2 max
(b) (i) Tfinal = 73.0 (°C);
Allow in the range 72 to 74 (°C).
∆T = 48.2 (°C);
Allow in the range 47 to 49 (°C).
Award [2] for correct final answer
Allow ECF if Tfinal or Tinitial correct. 2
(ii) temperature decreases at uniform rate (when above room
temperature) / OWTTE; 1
(iii) 10.1 (kJ);
Allow in the range 9.9 to 10.2 (kJ). 1
 1.00  50.0 
 n Zn  n CuSO 4  
(c)  1000  = 0.0500(mol); 1
 –1
(d) –201(kJ mol );
–1
Allow in the range –197 to –206 (kJ mol ).
Value must be negative to award mark. 1
[8]

4. IB Topic(5) : Energetics Paper 2

4. An experiment was designed to investigate how the enthalpy change for a displacement
reaction relates to the reactivities of the metals involved. The following metals in order of
decreasing reactivity were available.

–3
Excess amounts of each metal were added to 1.00 mol dm copper(II) sulfate solution.
The temperature change was measured and the enthalpy change calculated.

(i) Suggest a possible hypothesis for the relationship between the enthalpy change of the
reaction and the reactivity of the metal.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)
 (ii) Sketch a graph on the diagram below to illustrate your hypothesis.

(1)
(Total 2 marks)

4. (i) the more reactive the metal the more negative the enthalpy change/
the more exothermic the reaction / OWTTE;
Do not accept greater enthalpy change. 1

(ii) any curve with positive gradient which passes through ∆H = 0 at Cu;
Allow point graph or histogram.
Accept either positive or zero enthalpy change for Ag. 1
[2]
 5. IB Topic(5) : Energetics Paper 2

5. Hydrazine is a valuable rocket fuel.

The equation for the reaction between hydrazine and oxygen is given below.

N2H4(g) + O2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Use the bond enthalpy values from Table 10 of the Data Booklet to determine the enthalpy
change for this reaction.
(Total 3 marks)

–1
5. bonds broken: 4 N–H, N–N, O=O / +2220 (kJ mol );
–1
bonds formed: 1 N≡N, 4O–H / –2801(kJ mol );
–1
–581 (kJ mol );
Award [3] for correct final answer. 3
[3]
 6. IB Topic(5) : Energetics Paper 2
*6. Note: Involves Topic(10) Orgnic Chem
In some countries, ethanol is mixed with gasoline (petrol) to produce a fuel for cars called
gasohol.
(i) Define the term average bond enthalpy.
(2)
(ii) Use the information from Table 10 of the Data Booklet to determine the standard
enthalpy change for the complete combustion of ethanol.
CH3CH2OH(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
(3)
(iii) The standard enthalpy change for the complete combustion of octane, C8H18, is
–1
–5471 kJ mol . Calculate the amount of energy produced in kJ when 1 g of ethanol
and 1 g of octane is burned completely in air.
(2)
(iv) Ethanol can be oxidized using acidified potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7, to form two
different organic products.

CH3CH2OH A B
State the structural formulas of the organic products A and B and describe the
conditions required to obtain a high yield of each of them.
(4)
(v) Deduce and explain whether ethanol or A has the higher boiling point.
(2)
(vi) Ethene can be converted into ethanol by direct hydration in the presence of a catalyst
according to the following equation.
C2H4(g) + H2O(g) CH3CH2OH(g)
For this reaction identify the catalyst used and state one use of the ethanol formed
other than as a fuel.
(2)
(Total 15 marks)
*6. (i) energy required to break (1 mol of) a bond in a gaseous molecule/state;
Accept energy released when (1 mol of) a bond is formed in a gaseous
molecule/state / enthalpy change when (1 mol of) bonds are made or
broken in the gaseous molecule/state.
average values obtained from a number of similar bonds/
compounds / OWTTE; 2
(ii) Bonds broken
(1)(C–C) + (1)(O–H) + (5)(C–H) + (1)(C–O) + (3)(O=O)
= (1)(347) + (1)(464) + (5)(413) + (1)(358) + (3)(498) = 4728(kJ);
Bonds formed
(2 × 2)(C=O) + (3 × 2)(O–H)
= (4)(746) + (6)(464) = 5768 (kJ);
–1
∆H = 4728 – 5768 = –1040 kJ mol / –1040 kJ;
Units needed for last mark.
Award [3] for final correct answer.
Award [2] for +1040 kJ. 3
(iii) Mr(C2H5OH) = 46.08 / 46.1 and Mr(C8H18) = 114.26/114.3;
1 g ethanol produces 22.57 kJ and 1 g octane produces 47.88 kJ;
Accept values ranges of 22.5–23 and 47.8–48 kJ respectively.
No penalty for use of Mr = 46 and Mr = 114. 2
(iv) A: CH3CHO;
B: CH3COOH/CH3CO2H;
Accept either full or condensed structural formulas but not the
names or molecular formulas.
A: distillation;
B: reflux; 4
(v) ethanol/CH3CH2OH;
hydrogen bonding (in ethanol);
Award second point only if the first is obtained. 2
(vi) (concentrated) H3PO4 /(concentrated) phosphoric acid / H2SO4/sulfuric acid;
dyes / drugs / cosmetics / solvent / (used to make) esters / (used in)
esterification/disinfectant; 2
[16]

THE END