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Maths 2B Ellipse Important Questions

This document contains 11 math questions about ellipses with multiple parts to each question. It includes finding equations of ellipses, tangents, normals, foci, eccentricities, and intersections of perpendicular tangents. The questions cover a wide range of ellipse properties and relationships.

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simhadri.sridhar
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576 views

Maths 2B Ellipse Important Questions

This document contains 11 math questions about ellipses with multiple parts to each question. It includes finding equations of ellipses, tangents, normals, foci, eccentricities, and intersections of perpendicular tangents. The questions cover a wide range of ellipse properties and relationships.

Uploaded by

simhadri.sridhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intermediate 2nd Year Maths 2B Ellipse Important Questions

Question 1.
Find the value of k if 4x + y + k = 0 is a tangent to the ellipse x 2 + 3y2 = 3. [AP Mar. 16, 15]
Solution:
Equation of the ellipse is
x2 + 3y2 = 3
x23 + y21 = 1
a2 =, 3, b2 = 1
Equation of the line is 4x + y + k = 0
y = -4x – k .
m = -4c = -k.
Condition for tangency is c2 = a2m2 + b2
(-k)2 = 3 (4)2 + 1 ,
k2 = 48 + 1 = 49
k = ±7.

Question 2.
Find the equation of tangents to the ellipse 2x 2 + y2 = 8 which are
i) Parallel to x – 2y – 4 = 0 [May. 05, Mar. 06] [T.S. Mar. 17]
Solution:
Slope will be : 12
Equation of tangent y = mx ± a2m2+b2−−−−−−−−√
y = 12x ± a2(12)2+b2−−−−−−−−−−√

x24 + y28 = 1
y = 12x ± 4×14+8−−−−−−−−√

y = 12x ± 3
2y – x ± 6 = 0 required equation of tangents.
x – 2y ± 6 = 0.
Question 3.
Find the equation of the ellipse in the standard form whose distance between foci is 2 and the length of latus rectum
is 12. [T.S. Mar. 15]
Solution:
Latus rectum = 152
distance between foci = 2
2b2a = 152 ; 2ae = 2
ae = 1
⇒ b2 = a2 – a2 e2
⇒ b2 = a2 – 1
⇒ 154a = a2 – 1 .
⇒ 4a2 – 15a – 4 = 0
a = 4 or a = –14
b2 = a2 – 1
= 16 – 1
Equation of the ellipse is x216 + y215 = 1

Question 4.
Find the equation of the ellipse in the standard form such that distance between foci is 8 and distance between
directrices is 32. [Mar. 06, May. 07]
Solution:
Distance between foci = 8.
Distance between directrices = 32
2ae = 8
ae = 4
2ae = 32
ae = 16
(ae) (ae) = 64
a2 = 64
b2 = a2 – a2 e2
= 64 – 16 = 48
Equation of the ellipse is
∴ x264 + y248 = 1
Question 5.
Find the condition for the line x cos α + y sin α = p to be a tangent to the ellipse x2a2 + y2b2 = 1. [Mar. 14]
Solution:
Equation of the ellipse is

Question 6.
Find the equation of the ellipse with focus at (1, -1) e = 23 and directrix as x + y + 2 = 0. [Mar. 05] [T.S. Mar. 19]
Solution:
P(x1, y1) is any point on the ellipse. Equation of the directrix is
x+y+2=0
Draw PM perpendicular to ZM, Join SP
By Definition of ellipse SP = e. PM
SP2 = e2 . PM2
(x1 – 1)2 + (y1 + 1)2 (23)2[latex]\frac{x_{1}+y_{1}+2}{\sqrt{1+1}}[/latex] 2
(x1 – 1)2 + (y1+ 1)2 = 49(x1+y1+2)22
9[(x1 – 1)2 + (y1 + 1)2] = 2 (x1 + y1 + 2]2
9[x12 – 2x1 + 1 + y12 + 2y1 + 1] = 2[x12 + y12 + 4 + 2x1y1 + 4x1 + 4y1]
9x12 + 9y12 – 18x1 + 18y1 + 18 = 2x12 + 2y12 + 4x1y1 + 8x1 + 8y1 + 8
7x12 – 4x1y1 + 7y12 – 26x1 + 10y1 + 10 = 0
focus of P (x1, y1) is 7x2 – 4xy + 7y2 – 26x + 10y + 10 = 0
This is the equation of the required Ellipse.
Question 7.
L Find tle length of major axis, minor axis, latus rectum, eccentricity, co-ordinates of centre, foci and the equations of
directrices of the following ellipse. [TS Mar. 16; Mar. 14]
i) 9x2 + 16y2 = 144
ii) 4x2 + y2 – 8x + 2y + 1 = 0
iii) x2 + 2y2 – 4x + 12y + 14 = 0 [Mar. 11, May 07]
Solution:
Given equation is 9x2 + 16y2 = 144
x216 + y29 = 1
∴ a = 4, b = 3
Length of major axis = 2a = 2 . 4 = 8
Length of minor axis = 2b = 2 . 3 = 6
Length of latus rectum = 2b2a = 2.94 = 92
Eccentricity = a2−b2a2−−−−√=16−916−−−−√=7√4

Centre is C (0, 0)
Foci are (± ae, 0) = ( ± 7–√, 0)
Equations of the directrices are x = ± ae
x = ± 4 . 47√ = ± 167√
7–√x = ± 16
(ii) Given equation is 4x2 + y2 – 8x + 2y + 1 = 0
4(x2 – 2x) + (y2 + 2y) = – 1
4(x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 4 + 1 – 1 = 4
(x−1)21 + (y+1)24 = 1
Hence a < b ⇒ y – axis is major axis
a = 1, b = 2
Length of major axis = 2b = 4
Length of minor axis = 2a = 2
Length of lattis rectum = 2a2b = 22 = 1
Eccentricity = b2−a2b2−−−−√=4−14−−−√=3√2

Centre is C (-1, 1)
be = 2 . 3√2 = 3–√
Foci are (-1, 1 ± 3–√)
Equations of the directrices are y + 1 = ± be
= ± 43√
3–√ y + 3–√ = ± 4
3–√ y + 3–√ ± 4 = 0
iii) Given equation is x2 + 2y2 – 4x + 12y + 14 = 0
x2 – 4x + 2 (y2 + 6y) = 14
⇒ (x2 – 4x + 4) + 2(y2 + 6y + 9) = 4 + 18 – 14
⇒ (x – 2)2 + 2(y + 3)2 = 8
⇒ (x−2)28 + (y+3)24 = 1
⇒ (x−2)2(22√)2 + (y+3)222 = 1
a = 22–√, b = 2, h = 2, k = -3
Length of major axis = 2a = 2(2 2–√) = 4 2–√
Length of minor axis = 2b = 2(2) = 4
Length of latus rectum
= 2 b2a = 2(4)22√ = 22–√
Eccentricity = 1−b2a2−−−−−√=1−48−−−−−√=12√

Centre = (h, k) = (2,-3)


Foci = (h ± ae, k) = (2 ± 2, -3)
= (4, -3), (0, -3)
Equations of the directrices are x – h = ± ae
x – 2 = 22√(12√)
x–2=±4
i.e., x = 6, x = -2.
Question 8.
Find the equations of tangent and normal to the ellipse 2x 2 + 3y2 = 11 at the point whose ordinate is 1. [T.S. Mar. 16]
Solution:
Equation of the ellipse is 2x2 + 3y2 = 11
Given y = 1
2x2 + 3 = 11
⇒ 2x2 = 8
x2 = 4
x = ±2
Points on the ellipse are P (2, 1) and Q(-2, 1)
Case i) P (2, 1)
Equation of the tangent is 2x . 2 + 3y . 1 = 11
4x + 3y = 11
The normal is perpendicular to the tangent Equation of the normal at P can be taken as
3x – 4y = k
The normal passes through p (2, 1)
6–4=k⇒k=2
Equation of the normal at P is 3x – 4y = 2.
Case ii) Q (-2, 1)
Equation of the tangent at Q is
2x(-2) + 3y . 1 = 11
-4x + 3y =1 1
4x – 3y + 11 = 0
Equation of the normal can be taken as
3x + 4y = k
The normal passes through Q (-2, 1)
-6 + 4 = k ⇒ k = -2
Equation of the normal at Q is 3x + 4y = -2
or 3x + 4y + 2 = 0.

Question 9.
Find the eccentricity, co-ordinates of foci. Length of latus rectum and equations of directrices of the following ellipses.
i) 9x2 + 16y2 – 36x + 32y – 92 = 0,
ii) 3x2 + y2 – 6x – 2y – 5 = 0 [T.S. Mar. 15]
Solution:
i) Given ellipse is
9x2 + 16y2 – 36x + 32y – 92 = 0
9(x2 – 4x + 4) + 16 (y2 + 2y + 1)
= 92 + 36 + 16
9(x – 2)2 + 16(y + 1)2 = 144
comparing with (x−2)216 + (y+1)29 = 1,
we get
a2 = 16, b2 = 9 ⇒ a = 4, b = 3.
Equations of the directrices are x = h ± ae
x = 2 ± 4×47√
7x−−√ = 27–√ ± 16

ii) 3x2 + y2 – 6x – 2y – 5 = 0
Solution:
3(x2 – 2x) + (y2 – 2y) = 5
⇒ 3(x2 – 2x + 1) + (y2 – 2y + 1) = 9
⇒ 3(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 9
comparing with ⇒ (x−1)23 + (y−1)29 = 1,
we get
a < b ⇒ Y – axis is the major axis
a2 = 3, b2 = 9
a = 3–√, b = 3, h = 1, k = 1
Length of major axis = 2b = 2(3) = 6
Length of minor axis = 2a = 23–√

Question 10.
Find the equation of the tangent and normal to the ellipse 9x 2 + 16y2 = 144 at the end of the latus rectum in the first
quadrant. [A.P. Mar. 15, Mar. 07]
Solution:
Given ellipse is 9x2 + 16y2 = 144
Equation of the normal at P is

Question 11.
Show that the points of intersection of the perpendicular tangents to an ellipse lie on a circle. [A.P. Mar. 16]
Solution:
Let the equation of the ellipse x2a2 + y2b2 = 1
(a > b). Any tangent to it in the slope-intercept form is y = mx ± a2m2+b2−−−−−−−−√ …………………. (1)
Let the perpendicular tangents intersect at P(x 1, y1).
∴ P lies on (1) for some real m, i.e.,
y1 = mx1 ± a2m2+b2−−−−−−−−√
∴ (y1 – mx1)2 = a2m2 + b2.
or .
(x12 – a2) m2 – 2x1y1m + (y12 – b2) = 0 being a
quadratic equation in ‘m’ has two roots say m 1 and m2 then m1, m2 are the slopes of tangents from P to the ellipse
∴ m1m2 = (y21−b2x21−a2)
∴ -1 = (y21−b2x21−a2)

[∵ The tangents are perpendicular to each


other so that m1m2 = -1]
i.e., x12 + y12 = a2 + b2,
If, however, one of the perpendicular tangents is vertical, then such pair of perpendicular tangents intersect at one of the
points (± a, ± b) and any of these points satisfies x 2 + y2 = a2 + b2.
∴ The point of intersection of perpendicular tangents to the ellipse S = O lies on the circle x 2 + y2 = a2 + b2.

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