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Example Problem Aircraft Longitudinal Motion

This document determines the longitudinal stability derivatives and dimensional coefficients of an aircraft using its reference flight condition parameters. It then derives the longitudinal dynamics characteristics including short period and phugoid modes and associated natural frequencies, damping ratios, and periods.

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50 views7 pages

Example Problem Aircraft Longitudinal Motion

This document determines the longitudinal stability derivatives and dimensional coefficients of an aircraft using its reference flight condition parameters. It then derives the longitudinal dynamics characteristics including short period and phugoid modes and associated natural frequencies, damping ratios, and periods.

Uploaded by

Đăng Phạm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Aircraft Equations of Motions: Longitudinal Dynamics

Appendix (Nelson book, page 401)


The General Aviation Airplane

The reference flight condition is assumed to be the straight and level flight at sea-level, at at
cruising speed of 176 ft/s.
1. Determine the longitudinal stability derivatives (non-dimensional coefficients)

• CXu = −(CDu + 2CDo) + CTu


Sub-sonic propeller-driven aircraft → CDu = 0; CTu = − CDo
Note that: CDo is the total drag coefficient of the aircraft in the reference flight condition.

Assoc.Prof.Dr Ngo Khanh Hieu 1


Aircraft Equations of Motions: Longitudinal Dynamics

→ CDo = …
→ CXu = −3×CDo = … (1/s)
• CX = CLo(1-2CL/(eAR))
Note that: CLo is the total lift coefficient of the aircraft in the reference flight condition.
e is the Oswald factor. For low-wing aircraft, e can be assumed to be 0.6
→ CL = …
→ CLo = …
→ ARw = …
→ CX = … (1/rad)
• CZu = −(M2/(1 − M2))CLo – 2CLo
uo = 176 (ft/s)
ao = 340.3 (m/s) → M = …
→ CZu = … (1/s)
• CZ = −(CL + CDo)
→ CZ = … (1/rad)
• CZ_point = −2CLtVH(d/d)

Clt = 2××cos(LE,t) with (LE,t) = 12 degree → Clt = … (1/rad)


bt = 13.3 (ft); St = 52.4 (ft2) → ARt = …
CLt = … (1/rad)
lt = 15.7 (ft) → VH = …

Assoc.Prof.Dr Ngo Khanh Hieu 2


Aircraft Equations of Motions: Longitudinal Dynamics

d/d = 2×CL/(×ARw) = … (1/rad)


→ CZ_point = … (1/rad)
• CZq = −2CLtVH
→ CZq = … (1/rad)
• CZe = − CLtSt/Sw
Se/St = 16.0/52.4 = 0.30 → e = 0.5

→ CZe = … (1/rad)
• Cmu = (Cm/M)Mo
→ Cmu = 0
• Cm = CLw(xcg/cmean – xac/cmean) + Cmf − VHCLt(1-d/d)
Cmw = CLw(xcg/cmean – xac/cmean) = … (1/rad)
Cmf = 0.2145 (1/rad)

Cmt = − VHCLt(1-d/d) = … (1/rad)

Assoc.Prof.Dr Ngo Khanh Hieu 3


Aircraft Equations of Motions: Longitudinal Dynamics

→ Cm = … (1/rad)
• Cm_point = −2CLtVHlt/cmean(d/d)
→ Cm_point = … (1/rad)
• Cmq = −2CLtVHlt/cmean
→ Cmq = … (1/rad)
• Cme = −CLtVH
Se/St = 16.0/52.4 = 0.30 → e = 0.5
→ Cme = … (1/rad)

2. Longitudinal stability derivatives (dimensional coefficients)

uo = 176 (ft/s) = … (m/s)


 = 1.225 (kg/m3)
m = 2750 (Ib) = … (kg)
Q = 0.5uo2 = … (kg/m2)
QS/m = …
Iyy = 3000 slug.ft2 = … kg.m2

Assoc.Prof.Dr Ngo Khanh Hieu 4


Aircraft Equations of Motions: Longitudinal Dynamics

• Xu = CXu×QS/(muo) = … (1/s)
• Xw = CX×QS/(muo) = … (1/s)
• Zu = CZu×QS/(muo) = … (1/s)
• Zw = CZ×QS/(muo) = … (1/s)
• Zw_point = CZ_point×(cmean/2uo)×QS/(muo) = … (1/s)
• Z = uo×Zw = … (m/s2)
• Z_point = uo×Zw_point = … (m/s)
• Zq = CZq×(cmean/2uo)×QS/m = … (1/s)
• Ze = CZe×QS/m = … (1/s2)
• Mu = 0
• Mw = Cm×QS×cmean/(uoIyy) = … (1/m2s)
• Mw_point = Cm_point×QS×cmean/(uoIyy)×(cmean/2uo) = … (1/m2s2)
• M = uo×Mw = … (1/m.s2)

Assoc.Prof.Dr Ngo Khanh Hieu 5


Aircraft Equations of Motions: Longitudinal Dynamics

• M_point = uo×Mw_point = … (1/m.s3)


• Mq = Cmq×QS×cmean/(Iyy)×(cmean/2uo) = … (1/m.s3)
• Me = Cme×QS×cmean/(Iyy) = … (1/m.s2)

3. Longitudinal dynamics

• Alongitudinal = […]
• Blongitudinal = […]
• Eigenvalues of Alongitudinal
→ 1,2 = short-period = …
→ 3,4 = phugoid = …
• Short-period mode:
short-period = …
n_short-period = … (rad/s)
short-period = … (rad/s)
short-period = … (deg)
Periodshort-period = … (second)
t1/2_short-period = … (second)
• Long-period mode (Phugoid):
phugoid = …
n_phugoid = … (rad/s)
phugoid = … (rad/s)
phugoid = … (deg)
Periodphugoid = … (second)

Assoc.Prof.Dr Ngo Khanh Hieu 6


Aircraft Equations of Motions: Longitudinal Dynamics

t1/2_phugoid = … (second)

4. Flying qualities of longitudinal dynamics

Assoc.Prof.Dr Ngo Khanh Hieu 7

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