EX NO.

2:-

AIM:-
i) Todeterminetheradiusofgyration‘K’ofgiven pendulum.

K2 +(OG)2
ii) To verifythe relation T =2 ------------------------
gx(OG)

WhereT= Periodictime in secs.

K=RadiusofgyrationaboutCentreofgravityin(C.G.)cm.
OG=Distance from thecentreof rod from support. = 375 mm L=
Total length of bar. = 800 mm

DESCRIPTIONOFTHESETUP

The compound pendulum consists of 16mm diameter steel bar. The bar is supported bythe knife
edge. It is possible to change the length of suspended pendulum by supporting the bar indifferent
holes.

PROCEDURE:

1. Support therod in anyoneof theholes.

2. Notethe length of suspendedpendulum and determineOG.
3. AllowthebartooscillateanddetermineTbyknowingthetimeforsay10
oscillations.
4. Repeattheexperimentwithdifferentlengthofsuspension.
5. Completetheobservationtablegiven below.

Sl. L No Of Timefor “n” T= T=t/n

No. cm Osc“n” Oscin“t” Sec Theoretical Experimental
CALCULATIONS:

i) Find‘T’Theoreticalfromtherelation

K2 +
T=2

(OG)2g(OG)

L
K=theoretical=-------------
2 3

t
T=Experimental=------
n

wheret=timeforno.ofoscillations n
=No. of oscillations
EXPERIMENTNO.3:-

AIM:-Todeterminetheradiusofgyrationof given flatusingBifilar suspension.

DESCRIPTIONOFSETUP
Auniformrectangularsection flatissuspended fromthependulumsupportframebytwo parallel cords.
Top ends of the cords pass through the two small hooks fitted at the top. Other ends secured in
the bifilar flat.It is possible to adjust the length of the cord.

Thesuspensionmayalsobeusedtodeterminetheradiusofgyrationofanybody.Inthiscasethe bodyunder
investigation is bolted to center. Radius of gyration of the combined flat and bodyis then
determined.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Suspend the bar from hook,andadjustthelengthof thecord‘L’ conveniently.

2. Notethe suspension lengthof eachcordmust be thesame.
3. Allowthebartooscillateabouttheverticalaxispassingthroughthecentreand
measure the periodic time ‘t’ by knowing the time for say 10 oscillations.
4. Repeattheexperimentbymountingtheweightsatequal distancefromthecentre (d/2)
5. Completetheobservationtablegiven below.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:-

Sl. L “t” NosofOsc PeriodicTime T

No. cms SecsFor“n” “n” T=Experimental =Theoretical
Osc t/n
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:-

Forbi-filersuspension.

KL
T=2 -------------
ag

WhereK =Radiusofgyrationabout Centreofgravityin ( C.G.)cm.

For L= lengthofcordfromthesuspension.

a=Distancefromcentreflattocentreofcordincm. K=

Theoretical = L
2 3

t
Texp=------
n

wheret=timeforno.ofoscillations n
=No. of oscillations
EXPERIMENTNO.4:-

AIM:To study the longitudinal vibrations of helical spring and to determine the frequency
bytheoretically and experimentally.

DESCRIPTIONOFAPPRATUS:-

One end of open coil spring is fixed to the screw engages with screwed end. The screw can be
adjusted vertically in any convenient position and the clamped to upper beam by means of lock-
nut. Lower end of the spring is attached to the platform carrying the weights. The platform is
guided in the lower beam. Thewhole unit can be clamped at anyhorizontal position byusingthe
upper end lower clamping nuts. Thus the design of the system incorporated vertical and lateral
positioning of the unit to suit convenience.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Fixoneoftheendsofhelical spring.
2. Determinefreelength.
3. Putsomeweight toplatformand notedownthe deflection.
4. Stretchthespringthroughsomedistanceand release.
5. Countthetime required(in sec) for somesay10,25 oscillations.
6. Determinetheactual period.
7. Repeattheprocedurefordifferentweights .

OBSERVATIONTABLE

Obser WtattachedinKg+Wt Deflection No. of Time Periodic

vation ofplate form of Spring Oscillation Required Time =T
cm,  ‘n’ ‘t’ experimental
=t/n
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:
1. Find ‘T’theoretical byusingequation:
W
TTheoretical=2 --------------
ks xg

where
W =weightofpanandweightonthepan Ks
= Stiffness of the spring
=Weightapplied+panweight/Finalheightofspring-initialheightofspring

2. Checkwithexperimentalvalue‘T’ expt

T=Timefornumberofosc=_t_ No.
of osc n

1
Theoreticalfrequency =----------------- =cycles/sec
T(Theoretical)

1
Experimentalfrequency=------------------=cycles /sec
T(exp)
EXPERIMENTNO.5

AIM:To studythe undampedfreevibrationsof equivalentspringmass system.

DESCRIPTIONOFSETUP

It is designed to study free, forced damped and undamped vibrations. It consists of M.S.
rectangular beam supported at one end by a trunnion pivoted in ball bearing. The bearing
Housing is fixed to the side member of the frame. The other end of the beam is supported bythe
lower end of helical spring. Upper end of spring is attached to the screw.

Theexciterunit can be mounted at anyposition alongthe beam additional weights maybeadded to

the weight platform under side of the exciter.

PROCEDURE:

1. Supportone end ofthebeam in the slotoftrunnion and clampit bymeansof screw.

2. Attachtheotherendofbeam tothelowerendofspring.
3. Adjustthescrewtowhichthespringisattachedsuchthatbeamishorizontalinthe above
position.
4. Weightheexciter assemblyalongwithdiscs andbearingandweight platform.
5. Clampthe assemblyatanyconvenientposition.
6. Measurethe distanceL1oftheassemblyfrom pivot.Allow system to vibrate freely.
7. Measurethetimeforany10Osc.Andfindtheperiodictimeandnaturalfrequencyof
vibrations.
8. RepeattheexperimentbyvaryingL1andbyalsoputtingdifferentweightsonthe
platform.

Note:Itisnecessarytoclamptheslottedweightstotheplatformbymeansofnutsothat weights do not

fall during vibrations.

OBSERVATIONTABLE

Weightof Length Noof“n”osc Timefor“n” osc PeriodicTime Natural

pan+ L1 “n” sec “t” Experimental Frequency
added =T=t/n Experimental
weight=
W
W =Wt of exciter assemblyincludingflat (punched on flat )
L1=Distancefromcentreofpivottocentreofexciterassembly L=
Distance from centre of pivot to spring centre
K=Stiffness of Spring(kg/m)
=Load/Deflection

Note:-Deflection= Finallengthofspring– Initiallengthofspring

1/2
W L1 l
T(Theoretical)=2 --------- x--------x -------
g L K

t
Texp=------
n

Wheret=timeforno.ofoscillations n
=No. of oscillations
EXPERIMENTNO.6

AIM:Tostudytheforcedvibrations(damped)of equivalentspringmass system.

DESCRIPTIONOFTHESETUP:

It is designed to study free, forced damped vibrations. It consists of M.S. rectangular beam
supported at one end by a trunnion pivoted in ball bearing. The bearing Housing is fixed to the
side member of the frame. The other end of the beam is supported by the lower end of helical
spring. Upper end of spring is attached to the screw.

The exciter unit is coupled to D.C. variable speed motor. Speed of the motor can be varied with
the dimmerstat provided on the control panel. Speed of rotation can be known from the speed
indicator on control panel. It is necessary to connect the damper unit to the exciter. Amplitude
record vibration is to be obtained on the strip-chart recorder.

PROCEDURE:

1. Supportone end ofthe beamintheslot of trunnionand clamp itbymeansof screw.

2. Attachtheotherendofbeam tothelowerendofspring.
3. Adjustthescrewtowhichthespringisattachedsuchthatbeamishorizontalinthe above
position.
4. Weighthe exciter assemblyalongwith discs andbearingand weight platform.
5. Clampthe assemblyatanyconvenientposition.
6. Connecttheexciterto D.C. Motor.
7. Startthemotorandallow thesystemtovibrate.
8. Waitfor1 to2 minutes fortheamplitudeto buildforparticular forcingfrequency.
9. Adjustthepositionofstrip-chartrecorder.TaketherecordofamplitudeVs.timeon strip
chart starting recording motor. Press the recorder platform on the pen gently. Pen
should be wet with ink. Avoid excisable pressure to get good record.
10. Takerecord bychangingforcingfrequencies.
11. Repeattheexperimentfordifferentdamping.Adjustingtheholesonthepistonofthe damper
can change damping.
12. Plotthegraph of amplitudeVsfrequencyforvarious dampingconditions.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:

Forcingfrequency Amplitude
c.p.s.(cyclespersec) mm

Preparesimilarobservationtablestablesforvariousdampingconditions.

CALCULATIONS:
Plotthegraph of amplitude vs.frequencyforeachsetting.
EXPERIMENTNO.7:-

AIM:-To studythe Torsional vibration(undamped) ofsingle Rotorshaft system.

DESCRIPTIONOFSETUP:

Oneendoftheshaftis grippedinthechuckandheavydiscfreetorotatein ballbearingisfixed at the other

end of the shaft.

The bracket in fixed end of shaft can be clamped at any convenient position along the beam.Thus
length ofshaftcan be varied duringtheexperiments. Chuck is used forclamping theend of the shaft.
The ball bearing support to the flywheel provides negligible damping during experiment. The
bearing housing is fixed to side member of the main frame.

PROCEDURE:
1. Fixthe bracketat anyconvenient positionalongthebeam.
2. Griptheshaft atthebracketbymeans of chuck.
3. Fixtherotor ontheotherend ofthe shaft.
4. Twisttherotorthroughsomeangleandrelease.
5. Notedownthetimerequired oscillations.
6. Repeattheprocedurefordifferentlengthsofshaft.

a. Shaftdia. =d =4mm
b. Diaof Disk =D=230 mm
c. Wt. Ofthe disk=W=3.92kg
d. Modulusof rigidityofshaft, G =0.34 x106kg/cm2.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:
Obs LengthofShaft Nosofoscillations Time Sec PeriodicTime
No L.cm “n” For“n”osc (Expt)T
SPECIMENCALCULATIONS:-

I
DetermineT(Theoretical)=2 ----- .
Kt

2
W D
Where I=------ x ------- in kg m/sec2
g 2

Kt =

GIp

Ip= L

d4

32

Where
I=mass moment of inertia
Kt=torsionalstiffnessofshaft W
=weight of disc
D=– diameterof disc
G=modulusofrigidityofshaft=0.34x106kg/cm2(Brass) Ip=
polar moment of inertia of shaft
L=lengthoftheshaftfromdiscdrillchucktoothersupportingendofthedrillchuck d=
diameter of shaft

Timefor nosct
DetermineTexpt. =------------------------------------Sec
No.ofoscillations“n”

1
Theoreticalfrequency =----------------- =cycles/sec
T(Theoretical)

1
Experimentalfrequency=------------------=cycles /sec
T(exp)
EXPERIMENTNo.8:-

AIM:Tostudythefreevibrationsoftworotorsystemandtodeterminethefrequencyof vibration
theoretically and experimentally.

DESCRIPTIONOFSETUP:-
Two disks having different mass moment of inertia are clamped one at each end of shaft by
means of chucks. Mass moment of inertia of any Disk can be changed by attaching the cross
lever with weights. Both disks are free to oscillate in the ball bearings. This provided negligible
damping during experiment.

PROCEDURE:

1. Fixtwodisks tothe shaftand fittheshaftin bearings.

2. DeflecttheDisksin oppositedirection byhand and release.
3. Notedown timerequiredfor’n’number of oscillations.
4. Fitthecross armto oneofthedisks and again notesdown time.
5. Repeattheprocedurewithdifferentequalmassesattachedtotheendsofcrossarm and
note down the time.

OBSERVATIONS:-

1. DiameterofbigDisk DA=
2. Diameterofsmall Disk DB=
3. Weightofbigdisk W A=
4. Weightofsmall disk W B=
5. Weightofcrossarm weight =(punched)
6. Lengthofthecross arm. =to be measured
7. Diameterofshaft =d =4 mm
8. Lengthofshaftbetweenrotors=L=tobemeasured

OBSERVATION TABLE :

Obs No. of oscillations Time required T (Expt) T (Theo)

“n” tfor“n”osci secst/n

SPECIMENTCALCULATIONS:-

1/2
IAxIB IA IB
T=Theoretical= 2 -------------- =2 --------------
Kt (IA+ IB) Kt(IA+IB)
 2
WA DA
Where IA=------ -------
g 2

IB =
2
WB DB

g 2

Kt =
GIp

d4

Where Ip=-----
32

IA = Mass moment of inertia of big discIB

=Massmomentofinertiaofsmalldisc WA
= Weight of the big disc
DA = Diameterofthebigdisc
WB =Weight of small disc
DB =Diameter ofsmall disc
Kt = Torsionalstiffness of shaft g
=modulesof rigidityofshaft
IP =polarmoment of inertiaof shaft
L =Lengthofshaftfrombigdiscchucktosmalldiscchuck d
= Diameter of Brass rod
t =timefornumberofoscillations n
= no of oscillations

Timefor nosct
DetermineTexpt. =------------------------------------Sec
No.ofoscillations“n”

1
Theoreticalfrequency =----------------- =cycles/sec
T(Theoretical)
 1
Experimentalfrequency=------------------=cycles /sec
T(exp)
EXPERIMENTNO.9:-

AIM:TostudythedampedTorsionaloscillationsanddeterminethedampingcoefficient.

DESCRIPTIONOFSETUP:

It consists of a long elastic shaft gripped at the upper end by the chuck in the bracket. Thebracket
is clamped to the upper beam of the main frame. A heavy steel Disc is clamped at the lower end
of the shaft that suspends from the bracket. Damping drum is fixed to the lower faceof the disc.
This drum is immersed in the oil, which provides damping. Oil container can betaken up and
down for varying the depth of immersion of damping drum. Depth of immersion can be read
from the scale.

Recording drum is mounted to the upper face of the Disc paper is to be wrapped around the
recording drum. Oscillations are recorded on the paper with help of specially designed piston on
dash pot. The piston carries the attachment for fixing the sketching pen.

PROCEDURE:

1. Withnooilinthecontainerallowtheflywheeltooscillateandmeasurethetimefor some
(say 10) oscillations.
2. Putthin mineraloilSAE20/40 in thedrum andnote thedepth of immersion.
3. Put thesketchingpen in itsbracket.
4. Oscillate thedisc by hand
5. Allowthepentodescend.Seethat thepenalwaysmakescontactwiththe paper.
6. Measurethe timeforsome oscillations bymeansof stopwatch.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:

Sl. DepthofImmersion No of Time

No. cm Osc‘n’ insecs
‘t’

CALCULATIONS:-

GIp
Kt=
L

d4
Ip =------
32
 1 Xo
Deflection==--------- Log ------
5 X5

Where
Kt=Torsionalstiffnessof shaft
G=modulusofrigidityofshaft=0.34x106kg/cm2forbrass IP =
polar moment of inertia of shaft
d=diameterofshaft
L=distancefrom top to drill chuck to end ofdisc(shaft)

Measure amplitude of vibration for 5 concentric cycle

Measureheightofamplitudeoffirstcycleandlast(5th)cycle

AmplituderatioX =Xo/X5

Where
Xo=amplitudeoffirstcycle X5
= amplitude of 5th cycle

2 (dampingfactor)
AlsoDeflection== =2
 1 –() 2

=2 ==/2

Damping co-efficient C N-sec/cms(N-cm-1-sec)

C = 2 Ktm

Where
m=massofwholeassembly(punched) Kt=
Torsional stiffness
=dampingfactor
EXPERIMENTNO.10:-

AIM:To verifythe Dunkerley’sRuleforconcentrated load

DESCRIPTIONOFTHESETUP:-

A rectangular section bar is supported in trunnion fittings at each end. Each trunnion is pivotedin
a ball bearing carried in housing. Each bearing housing is fixed to the vertical frame member.
The beam carries at its centre a weight platform.

PROCEDURE:

1. fix theflatwith plateformin trunnion

2. Attachweightonthepan
3. Pulltheplatformandreleaseittosetthesystemintonatural vibration.
4. Findperiodictime ‘t’and frequencyof vibration‘f’ bymeasuringtime forsomeosc.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:

Sl. WtAttached No. ofOsc TimeFor“n”Osc FrequencyofOsc

No. Kg n Secs “t” F=n/t

mxgx(l1l2)2The
oreticaldeflection=--------------------
3 EI(l1+l2)

Asl1=l2

mxgx(l1)4
=
3 EI

b xt
I=
12
4.987
frequencyT = -----------


Timefor nosct
FromExperimentallyT =------------------------------------Sec
No.ofoscillations“n”
EXPERIMENTNO.11

AIM:Tostudythe forcedlateral vibrationofthebeamfordifferent damping

DESCRIPTIONOFTHESETUP:

Rectangular section bar is supported at both ends in trunnion fittings. Exciter unit with the
platformcanbeclampedatanyconvenientpositionalongthebeam.Exciterunitisconnectedto the
damper which provided the necessary damping.

PROCEDURE:

1. fix the exciterassemblyto flat

2. Connecttheexciterto D.C. Motor.
3. Startthemotorandallowthesystemto vibrate.
4. Waitfor1 to2 minutes fortheamplitudeto buildforparticular forcingfrequency.
5. Adjustthepositionofstrip-chartrecorder.TaketherecordofamplitudeVs.timeonstrip chart
startingrecording motor. Press the recorder platform on the pen gently. Pen should be
wet with ink. Avoid excisable pressure to get good record.
6. Takerecord bychangingforcingfrequencies.
7. Repeattheexperimentfordifferentdamping.Adjustingtheholesonthepistonofthe damper
can change damping.
8. Plotthegraph of amplitudeVsfrequencyforvarious dampingconditions.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:

Forcingfrequency Amplitude
c.p.s. mm

Preparesimilarobservationtablesforvariousdampingconditions. Graph:
Plotthe graphofamplitudevs. frequencyfor eachsetting.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
 VIBRATIONTABLEWITH RECORDER

AIM:(I)To studythe undampedvibrations of equivalent springmass system.

DESCRIPTIONOFSET UP:

Thearrangementisshowninthe equipment. Itis designed to study, forced undampedvibrations. It

consists ofM.S. rectangularbeam supported at oneend byaturnunion pivoted in ball bearing. The
bearing Housing is fixed to the side member of the frame. The other end of the beam is
supported by the lower end of helical spring. Upper end of spring is attached to the screw.

Theexciter unit can bemounted at anyposition alongthe beam.

PROCEDURE:

1. Supportoneendofthebeamintheslotofturnunionandclampitbymeansof Screw.
2. Attachtheotherendofbeam tothelowerendofspring.
3. Adjustthescrewtowhichthespringisattachedsuchthatbeamishorizontalinthe Above
position.
4. Weightheexciter assemblyalongwithdiscs andbearingandweight platform.
5. Clamptheassemblyatanyconvenientposition.
6. Measurethe distance L1of theassemblyfrompivot, Allow systemto vibrate freely.
7. Measurethetimeforany10osc.Andfindtheperiodictimeandnaturalfrequencyof
vibrations.
8. Repeattheexperiment byvaryingL1.
OBSERVATIONTABLE

Weight Length Noof“n”osc Timefor“n” osc PeriodicTime Natural

L1 “n” sec “t” (Expt) T Frequency
f.n.r(Expt)

…2

:2:

W = Wt of exciter assembly.

M=massofexciterassembly.

L1=Distanceofwfrom pivot

L= Distanceof springfrom pivot = Length of beam.

NeglectingM.I.ofbeam.

2 1/2
W L1 l L1 W
T(Theoretical)=2 ---------x------ -- x ------- = -------- --------
g L K L gK

1/2
me
=2 -------
K
2

Whereme=equivalentmass at thespring=m --- L1

-----
L
AIM:(II)To studytheforced vibrations of equivalent springmasssystem.
DESCRIPTIONOFTHESET UP:

The arrangement is as shown in the equipment. It is similar to that described for the above expt.
the exciter unit is coupled to D.C. variable speed motor through the belt drive. Speed of themotor
can be varied with the dimmerstat provided on the control panel. Speed of rotation can be known
from the speed indicator on control panel.Amplitude record vibration is to be obtained on the
strip-chart recorder.

PROCEDURE:

1. Arrangethesetupasdescribedabove.
2. ConnecttheexcitertoD.C.Motorthroughbelt.
3. Startthemotorandallowthesystemtovibrate.
4. Waitfor1 to 2 minutesfortheamplitudeto build forparticular forcingfrequency

..3

:3:

5. Adjustthepositionofstrip-chartrecorder.

6. Taketherecord ofamplitudeVs.time onstripchart startingrecordingmotor.

7. Presstherecorderplatformonthepengently.Penshouldbewetwith ink.

8. Avoidexcessiblepressuretogetgood record.

9. Takerecord bychangingforcingfrequencies.

10. Plotthegraph of amplitudeVsfrequencyforvarious dampingconditions.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:

Forcingfrequency Amplitude
c.p.s. mm

CALCULATIONS:
Plotthe graphofamplitudeVs. frequencyforeach setting.

**********

EXPERIMENTONSIMPLE PENDULUM

AIM:-Toverifythe relation
L
T=2 -------
g

WhereT =Periodictime sec.

L=Lengthofpendulumcms.

DESCRIPTIONOFSETUP:-

For conducting the experiment, a rubber ball is supported by radio tuning thread into chuck. It is
possible to change the length of pendulum by drawing the thread through chuck. This makes it
possible to study the effect of variation of length on periodic time. A small ball may be
substituted for larger ball to illustrate that the period of oscillation is independent of the mass of
the ball.

PROCEDURE:-

5. Attachtherubberball tooneendofthread.
6. Loosenthenut atthe topofchuck anddrawthethreadto adjustthe length.
7. Allow the ball to oscillate and determine the periodic time T byknockingthe time for
say 5 oscillations.
8. Repeattheexperiment bychangingthe length.
9. Completetheobservationtablegiven below.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:
Sl. Massof L No. of Timefor “n” T =t/n Sec T Remarks
No. the Ball cms Osc.“n” Osc,Secs‘t’ ‘n’(Expt) Theoretical

..2/-

:2:
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:-
L
T = 2 ------
G

For L=40cm.

-40
T(Theoretical)=2------------=1.26 sec.
981

t
Texp=------
n
 EXPERIMENTONCOMPOUNDPENDULUM

AIM:-
iii) Todeterminetheradius pfgyration‘K’ofgiven pendulum.
K2 + (OG)2
iv) To verifythe relation T =2 ------------------------
GX (OG)

WhereT =Periodictime sec.

K =Radiusof gyrationaboutC.G. cm.
OG =DistanceoftheC.G.ofrodfromsupport. L
= Length of bar.

DESCRIPTIONOFTHESETUP:

The compound pendulum consists of 16mm diameter steel bar. The bar is supported bythe knife
edge. It is possible to change the length of suspended pendulum by supporting the bar indifferent
holes.

PROCEDURE:

6. Support therod in anyoneof theholes.

7. Notethe lengthof suspended pendulumand determineOG.
8. AllowthebartooscillateanddetermineTbyknowingthetimeforsay10
oscillations.
9. Repeattheexperimentwithdifferentlengthofsuspension.
10. Completetheobservationtablegiven below.

Sl. L OG No Of Timefor “n” T (Expt) Kt/n (Expt) K (Theoretical)

No. cm Osc“n” Osc“t” Sec

..2/-

:2:
CALCULATIONS:

ii) Fine‘K’experimentalfromtherelation

K2 +
T=2

(OG)2g(OG)

K(exp)=
L
Ktheoretical==-------------
3 3

ii) Verifytherelation K2 +(OG)2

T=2
g(OG)

L
Put K=-------------------AndfindTtheoretical,compareitwith experimental.
2 3
 EXPERIMENTONSINGLEROTOR SYSTEM

AIM:-TostudytheTorsional vibration (undamped)of singleRotor shaft system.

DESCRIPTIONOFSETUP:

Oneendoftheshaftis grippedinthechuckandheavydiscfreetorotatein ballbearingisfixed at the other

end of the shaft.

The bracket is fixed end of shaft can be clamped at any convenient position along the beam.Thus
length of shaft can be varied during the experiments. Specially designed chuck is used for
clamping the end of the shaft. The ball bearing support to the flywheel provides negligible
damping during experiment. The bearing housing is fixed to side member of the main frame.

PROCEDURE:
2. Fixthe bracketat anyconvenient positionalongthebeam.
3. Griptheshaft atthebracketbymeans of chuck.
4. Fixtherotor ontheotherend ofthe shaft.
5. Twisttherotorthroughsomeangleandrelease.
6. Notedownthetimerequired fornoscillations.
7. Repeattheprocedurefordifferentlengthsofshaft.
8. Makethe followingobservations:-

a. Shaftdia. =d.
b. Diaof Disk =D.
c. Wt. Ofthe disk= W
e.Module of rigidityforl shaft g=0.34 x106kg/sq. cm.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:
 Obs LengthofShaft Nosofoscillations Time Sec PeriodicTime
No L.Cm “n” For“n”osc (Expt)T

SPECIMENCALCULATIONS

3. DeterminationofTorsionalstiffnessKt.

T GIP d4 1
Kt=-------- = ------------- =(0.34x106) -------X ------ kg.c

 L 32 L
d4
IP=PolarM.I.of shaft= --------
32
2
I W D
2. DetermineT Theoretical= 2----- whenI=---------------------kgcmsec.
Kt 9 2
1/2
I
=2 ----
Kt

Timefor nosct
3. DetermineTexpt. =------------------------------------Sec
No.ofoscillations“n”

RESULTS:-

Obs Length of Kt T(Expt) T (Theo) F (Theo) F (Expt)

No shaftT secs secs c.p.s. c.p.s.
 EXPERIMENTONTWOROTORSYSTEM

AIM:Tostudythefreevibrationsoftworotorsystemandtodeterminethefrequencyof vibration
theoretically and experimentally.

DESCRIPTIONOFSETUP:-
Fig. Shows the general arrangement for carrying out the experiment. Two disks having different
mass moment ofinertiaareclamped oneat each end ofshaftbymeans ofcollects. Mass moment of
inertia of any Disk can be changed by attaching the cross lever with weights. Both disks are free
to oscillate in the ball bearings. This provided negligible damping during experiment.

PROCEDURE:

6. Fixtwodisks tothe shaftand fittheshaftin bearings.

7. DeflecttheDisksin oppositedirection byhand and release.
8. Notedown timerequiredforn numberof oscillations.
9. Fitthe crossarm tooneofthedisksand againnotedown time.
10. Repeattheprocedurewithdifferentequalmassesattachedtotheendsofcrossarm and
note down the time.

OBSERVATIONS:-

1. Diaof Disk A =DA=

2. Diaof Disk B=DB= A
3. Wt. Of Disk =WA=
4. Wt. Of Disk B=WB=
5. Wt.Ofarm (with nut bolts) =
6. Lengthofthecross arm. =
7. Diaof shaft =d =
 8. Lengthofshaftbetweenrotors=L=

OBSERVATION TABLE :

Obs IA IB No. of oscillations Time required T (Expt) T (Theo)

“n” tfor“n”osci secst/n

..2/-

:2:
SPECIMENTCALCULATIONS:-

1. find‘kt’ofshaftasfollows:
G IP d4 1
Kt=-------------=0.34X 106 ---------------Kg –cm
L 32 L

WhereG =Moduleofrigidityofshaft
d4
IP=-----
32
2
W D
Where I=--------------------------=
G 2

D= shaft diameter
L=Lengthofshaft.

Timefor‘n’osc
TExperimental= ----------------------------=Sec
No.ofOscillation ‘n’
RESULTS:

IAkg/cm2 IBkg/cm2 T (Theo) F (Theo) T (Expt) sec F (Expt)

Sec c.p.s. c.p.s.
 LONGITUDINALVIBRATIONSOFHELICALSPRING(SDF)

AIM:To study the longitudinal vibrations of helical spring and to determine the frequency
bytheoretically and experimentally.

DESCRIPTIONOFAPPRATUS:-

One end of open coil spring is fixed to the screw engages with screwed end. The screw can be
adjusted vertically in any convenient position and the clamped to upper beam by means of lock-
nut. Lower end of the spring is attached to the platform carrying the weights. The platform is
guided in the lower beam. Thewhole unit can be clamped at anyhorizontal position byusingthe
upper end lower clamping nuts. Thus the design of the system incorporated vertical and lateral
positioning of the unit to suit convenience.

PROCEDURE:-
 1. Fixoneof theends ofhelical spring.
2. Determinefreelength.
3. Putsomeweight toplatformand notedownthe defection.
4. Stretchthespringthroughsomedistanceand release.
5. Countthetime required(in sec) for somesay10,25 oscillations.
6. Determinetheactual period.
7. Repeattheprocedurefordifferentweights.

OBSERVATIONTABLE

slno WtattachedinKg+Wt Deflection No. of Time Periodic

ofplate form of Spring Oscillation Required Time =T
cm  ‘n’ ‘t’ experimental
=t/n

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

1. Find‘T’ theoretical byusing equation:

W
TTheoretical=2 --------------
ks xg

where
W =weightofpanandweightonthepan Ks
= Stiffness of the spring
=Final heightofspring-initial heightofspring/weightapplied +panweight

2. Checkwithexperimentalvalue‘T’ expt
 T=Timefornumberofosc=_t_ No.
of osc n

1
Theoreticalfrequency =----------------- =cycles/sec
T(Theoretical)

1
Experimentalfrequency=------------------=cycles /sec
T(exp)

UNDAMPEDFREEVIBRATIONAPPARATUS
AIM:To studytheundamped freevibrations of equivalentspringmass system.

DESCRIPTIONOFSETUP:

Expt .1 It is designed to study free forced damped and undamped vibrations. It consists of M.S.
rectangular beam supported at one end by a turn union pivoted in ball bearing. The bearing
Housing is fixed to the side member of the frame. The other end of the beam is supported bythe
lower end of helical spring. Upper end of spring is attached to the screw.

Expt. 2.The exciter unit can be mounted at any position along the beam additional weights may
be added to the weight platform under side of the exciter.

PROCEDURE:
 9. Supportone end ofthe beam in the slot ofturn union and clamp it bymeans of screw.
10. Attachtheotherendofbeam tothelowerendofspring.
11. Adjustthescrewtowhichthespringisattachedsuchthatbeamishorizontalinthe above
position.
12. Weightheexciter assemblyalongwithdiscs andbearingandweight platform.
13. Clampthe assemblyatanyconvenientposition.
14. Measurethe distanceL1of theassemblyfrom pivot. Allow system to vibrate freely.
15. Measurethetimeforany10osc.Andfindtheperiodictimeandnaturalfrequencyof
vibrations.
16. RepeattheexperimentbyvaryingL1andbyalsoputtingdifferentweightsonthe
platform.

Note:Itisnecessaryto clamptheslottedweightstotheplatformbymeansofnut sothat weights do not

fall during vibrations.

OBSERVATIONTABLE

W+P.form Length Noof“n”osc Timefor“n” osc PeriodicTime Natural

W L1 “n” sec “t” (Expt) T Frequency
f.n.r(Expt)

W = Wt of exciter assembly along with we. Platform.

M=massofexciterassemblyalongwithwe.Platform. L1 =
Distance of w from pivot
L=Distanceofspringfrompivot=Lengthofbeam. neglecting
M.I. of beam.
2 1/2
W L1 l L1 W
T(Theoretical)=2 --------- X--------X ------- = -------- --------
g L K L gK

1/2
me
=2 -------
K
2
L1
Whereme =equivalentmass at thespring=m --- -----
L
 DUNKERLEY’SRULE
AIM:To verifythe Dunkerley’sRuleforconcentrated load

DESCRIPTIONOFTHESETUP:-

A rectangular section bar is supported in trunnion fittings at each end. Each trunnion is pivotedin
a ball bearing carried in housing. Each bearing housing is fixed to the vertical frame member.
The beam carries at its centre a weight platform.

PROCEDURE:

1. fix theflat withplateformin trunnion

2. Attachweightonthepan
3. Pulltheplatformandreleaseittosetthesystemintonatural vibration.
 4. Findperiodictime ‘t’ and frequencyof vibration‘f’ bymeasuringtime forsomeosc.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:

Sl. WtAttached No. ofOsc TimeFor“n”Osc FrequencyofOsc

No. Kg n Secs “t” F=n/t

mxgx(l1l2)2The
oreticaldeflection=--------------------
3 EI(l1+l2)

Asl1=l2

mxgx(l1)43
=
EI

bxt 12
I=

4.987
frequencyT = -----------


Timefor nosct
FromExperimentallyT =------------------------------------Sec
No.ofoscillations“n”
AIM:To studythedamped forcedvibrationsof equivalentspringmass system.

DESCRIPTIONOFTHESETUP:

It is similar to that described for expt. No.5 the exciter unit is coupled to D.C. variable speed
motor.Speed of the motor can be varied with the dimmerstat provided on the control panel.Speed
of rotation can be known from the speed indicator on control panel. It is necessary to connect the
damper unit to the exciter. Amplitude record vibration is to be obtained on the strip- chart
recorder.

PROCEDURE:

1. Arrangethe setup asdescribed forexpt. No.5.

2. Connecttheexciterto D.C. Motor.
3. Connectthedamped unitto theexciter assemblys
4. Startthemotorandallow thesystemtovibrate.
 5. Waitfor1 to2 minutes fortheamplitudeto buildforparticular forcingfrequency.
6. Adjustthepositionofstrip-chartrecorder.TaketherecordofamplitudeVs.timeonstrip chart
startingrecording motor. Press the recorder platform on the pen gently. Pen should be
wet with ink. Avoid excisable pressure to get good record.
7. Takerecord bychangingforcingfrequencies.
8. Repeattheexperimentfordifferentdamping.Adjustingtheholesonthepistonofthe damper
can change damping.
9. Plotthegraph of amplitudeVsfrequencyforvarious dampingconditions.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:

Forcingfrequency Amplitude
c.p.s. mm

Preparesimilarobservationtablestablesforvariousdampingconditions.

CALCULATIONS:
Plotthe graphofamplitudevs. frequencyfor eachsetting.