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Bernoulli Experiment Report

this a report based on an experiment carried out on the Bernoulli principle

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Adu Yaw Sarkodie
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55 views

Bernoulli Experiment Report

this a report based on an experiment carried out on the Bernoulli principle

Uploaded by

Adu Yaw Sarkodie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT

BERNOULLI'S EXPERIMENT

AIM
 To calculate Total Energy at different points of the venturimeter.
 To plot the graph between Total Energy, Pressure Energy, and Velocity Energy concerning
Distance.

APPARATUS USED

THEORY
Energy presents in the form of pressure, velocity, and elevation in fluids with no energy exchange due to
viscous dissipation, heat transfer, or shaft work (pump or some other device). The relationship among these
three forms of energy was first stated by Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782), based upon the conservation of energy
principle. Bernoulli’s theorem states that the sum of pressure head, velocity head, and gravitational potential
head remains constant along a streamline of a steady, incompressible, irrotational, and non-viscous flow with no
other energy exchange due to heat or external work. This is the energy equation and is based on the law of
conservation of energy.

The fluid flow must be steady-state, incompressible, irrotational, non-viscous, and laminar to use Bernoulli's
theorem. Heat transfer and work done should be zero inflow. Bernoulli's equation for flow in a duct/channel in a
section is given as:
P1ρg+V122g+Z1=P2ρg+V222g+Z2
where P is the static pressure, V is the velocity of flow, and Z is the elevation head.
(Note: For horizontal duct/channel the elevation head is the same for different sections.)

The above equation is valid for ideal fluid, when we are working with real fluid the losses (i.e. due to viscosity,
friction, openings in the duct, bending in the duct, heat transfer, etc.) need to be taken into account the equation
to validate.

SET-UP
The present experimental set-up for Bernoulli's Theorem is a self-contained recirculating unit It accomplishes
this through the use of a sump tank, overhead tank (constant head tank), and a centrifugal pump for water
circulation. The test section, made up of material perspex, having a varying cross-section with converging and
diverging portions is provided. The water flow in the test section is regulated through the use of control and
bypass valves. Piezometer tubes are fitted on these test tubes at various test points. The inlet of the test section
is connected to the overhead tank. The discharge through the test section can be measured with the help of the
measuring tank and a stopwatch. A rough 2D fig of the actual setup is shown here with all the components
labeled.

The following precautions should be taken while handling the above-mentioned setup.

 Switch off the apparatus if the power supply is less than 200 volts or more than 230 volts.
 Always use clean water.
 Keep apparatus free from dust.
 To avoid unnecessary clogging of components run the pump at least once a fortnight.
 While experimenting always maintain the water in the overhead tank.
 After the experiment is complete drain the apparatus and Switch Off the power supply

 Avoid parallax error while noting down the reading from tubes.

PROCEDURE
1. First of all, make sure that all on/Off switches given on the panel/setup are at the OFF position.
2. Now close all the valves V1 to V5.
3. Fill the Sump tank with water.
4. Open bypass valve V2.
5. Now turn ON the main power supply to the setup and consequently turn ON the pump.
6. Partially close bypass valve V2, to fill the overhead tank and wait until overflow occurs in the overhead
Tank.
7. Control the flow of water through the test section with the help of control valve V1 provided at the end
of the test section.
8. Make sure that the water level is maintained in the overhead tank i.e. overflow is still occurring. If not
partially close the valve V2.
9. Measure flow rate with the help of a measuring tank provided in setup and a stopwatch.
10. Measure pressure head (i.e. height of water level in tubes) by piezometer tubes.
11. Repeat steps 7 to 10 for different flow rates.
12. Once the Experiment is completed turn off the Pump.
13. Turn OFF the power supply and drain the water from all the tanks with the help of drain valves (V3, V4,
V5).

OBSERVATIONS

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