Statistics Chapter 4 – Probability

Progress Check Preparation

Questions

Q1.

The Venn diagram shows the events A, B, C and D, where p, q, r and s are probabilities.

(a) Write down the value of

(i) P(A)
(ii) P(AΙB)
(iii) P(AΙC)
(3)

(b) find the exact value of q and the exact value of r

(6)

(c) find the exact value of s

(2)

(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q2.

There are 7 red counters, 3 blue counters and 2 yellow counters in a bag. Gina selects a counter at
random from the bag and keeps it. If the counter is yellow she does not select any more counters. If the
counter is not yellow she randomly selects a second counter from the bag.

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

(2)
Given that Gina has selected a yellow counter,

(b) find the probability that she has 2 counters.

(3)

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q3.

In the Venn diagram below, A, B and C are events and p, q, r and s are probabilities.

The events A and C are independent and P(A) = 0.65

(a) State which two of the events A, B and C are mutually exclusive.
(1)
(b) Find the value of r and the value of s.
(5)
The events (A ∩ C ' ) and (B ∪ C ) are also independent.

(c) Find the exact value of p and the exact value of q. Give your answers as fractions.
(6)

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q4.

The events H and W are such that

Given that H and W are independent,

(a) show that P(W) =

(4)
The event N is such that

(b) Find P
(2)
Given that W and N are mutually exclusive,

(c) draw a Venn diagram to represent the events H, W and N giving the exact probabilities of each region
in the Venn diagram.
(5)
 (Total for question = 11 marks)
Q5.
The Venn diagram shows the events A, B and C and their associated probabilities.

Find

(a) P(B') (1)

(b) P(A ∪ C) (2)

(c) P(A | B') (2)

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q6.

The Venn diagram shows the events A, B and C and their associated probabilities, where p and q are
probabilities.

(a) Find P(B) (1)

(b) Determine whether or not A and B are independent. (2)

Given that P(C | B) = P(C)

(c) find the value of p and the value of q (3)

The event D is such that

 A and D are mutually exclusive

 P(B ∩ D) > 0

(d) On the Venn diagram show a possible position for the event D (1)
(Total for question = 7 marks)
Q7.

A factory produces shoes.

A quality control inspector at the factory checks a sample of 120 shoes for each of three types of defect.
The Venn diagram represents the inspector's results.
A represents the event that a shoe has defective stitching
B represents the event that a shoe has defective colouring
C represents the event that a shoe has defective soles

One of the shoes in the sample is selected at random.

(a) Find the probability that it does not have defective soles.
(1)
(b) Find P(A ∩ B ∩ C′)
(1)
(c) Find P(A ∪ B ∪ C′)
(2)
(d) Find the probability that the shoe has at most one type of defect.
(2)
(e) Given the selected shoe has at most one type of defect, find the probability it has defective stitching.
(2)
The random variable X is the number of the events A, B, C that occur for a randomly selected shoe.

(f) Find E(X)

(3)

(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q8.

A disc of radius 1 cm is rolled onto a horizontal grid of rectangles so that the disc is equally likely to land
anywhere on the grid. Each rectangle is 5 cm long and 3 cm wide. There are no gaps between the
rectangles and the grid is sufficiently large so that no discs roll off the grid.

If the disc lands inside a rectangle without covering any part of the edges of the rectangle then a prize is
won.

By considering the possible positions for the centre of the disc,

(a) show that the probability of winning a prize on any particular roll is
(3)
A group of 15 students each roll the disc onto the grid twenty times and record the number of times, x,
that each student wins a prize. Their results are summarised as follows

(b) Find the standard deviation of the number of prizes won per student.
(2)
A second group of 12 students each roll the disc onto the grid twenty times and the mean number of
prizes won per student is 3.5 with a standard deviation of 2

(c) Find the mean and standard deviation of the number of prizes won per student for the whole group of
27 students.
(7)
The 27 students also recorded the number of times that the disc covered a corner of a rectangle and
estimated the probability to be 0.2216 (to 4 decimal places).

(d) Explain how this probability could be used to find an estimate for the value of π and state the value of
your estimate.
(3)

(Total for question = 15 marks)

Mark Scheme

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.