Python Tutorial: Basic

[Part – 1]
By
Prof. Amitav Biswas
(MBA,MCA, B.Sc. (H) in Computer Science)
Teacher/ HOD, Computer Sci. Dept.,
Behala College & Vivekananda College
1
 Creating a Dictionary &
replacing elements..
In [35]: Dictionary={‘Kohli’:’Cricket’,’Messi’:’football’}

In [50]: Dictionary
Out [50]: {’Messi’:’football’, ‘Kohli’: ‘Coach’}

In [36]: Dictionary[‘Kohli’]=‘Coach’
In [37]: Dictionary
Out [38]: {’Messi’:’football’, ‘Kohli’: ‘Coach’}

2
 Accessing elements
from a dictionary..
In [39]: Dictionary=[‘Kohli’]

Out [39]: ‘Coach’

In [40]: Dictionary=[‘Messi’]
Out [40]: ‘Football’

3
 Removing elements
from a dictionary..
In [41]: del Dictionary=[‘Kohli’]

In [42]: Dictionary
Out [42]: {‘Messi’: ‘Football’}

4
 Python Operators…

Operators are used to perform operations on

variables and values.

Example:
a=b+c

Python divides the operators in the following

groups:
5
Python:
Arithmetic Operators

6
Python:
Assignment Operators

7
Python:
Comparison / Relational
Operators

8
Python:
Logical Operators

9
 Python:
Identity Operators
Identity operators are used to compare the
objects, not if they are equal, but if they are
actually the same object, with the same memory
location:

10
 Python:
Membership Operators
Membership operators are used to test if a
sequence is presented in an object:

11
 Python:
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary)
numbers:

12
 Conditional Statements

A conditional statement, symbolized

by p q, is an if-then statement in
which p is a hypothesis and q is a
conclusion. The logical connector in
a conditional statement is denoted
by the symbol . The conditional is
defined to be true unless a true
hypothesis leads to a false conclusion.
13
 Conditional Statements:
if

A conditional statement, symbolized

by p q, is an if-then statement in
which p is a hypothesis and q is a
conclusion. The logical connector in
a conditional statement is denoted
by the symbol . The conditional is
defined to be true unless a true
hypothesis leads to a false conclusion.
14
 Conditional Statements:
if (Categories)
Decision making statements in programming
languages decides the direction of flow of
program execution. Decision making statements
available in python are:
•if statement
•if..else statements
•if-elif ladder
•nested if statements
15
 Conditional Statements:
if (Relational Operators)
Python supports the usual logical conditions
from mathematics:
Equals: a == b
Not Equals: a != b
Less than: a < b
Less than or equal to: a <= b
Greater than: a > b
Greater than or equal to: a >= b
16
 Conditional Statements:
if (Syntax)

 if:

if expression:
statement(s)

17
Conditional Statements:
if (flow chart)

18
 Conditional Statements:
if (Example)

a = 10
b = 20
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")

19
 Conditional Statements:
if (Example)

 One line if statement:

a=20
b=10
if a > b: print("a is greater than b")

20
 Conditional Statements:
if..else (Syntax)

 if..else:

if expression:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
21
Conditional Statements:
if..else (flow chart)

22
 Conditional Statements:
if..else (Example)

a = 10
b = 20

if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
else:
print("a is greater than b")
23
 Conditional Statements:
if..else (Example)

 One line if else statement:

a=2
b=3
print("A") if a > b else print("B")

24
 Note..!!

This technique is known as Ternary

Operators, or Conditional
Expressions.

25
 Conditional Statements:
if..elif..else (Syntax)
 if..elif..else:
if expression1:
statement(s)
elif expression2:
statement(s)
……………
else:
statement(s) 26
Conditional Statements:
if..elif..else (flow chart)

27
 Conditional Statements:
if..elif..else (Example 1)

a = 10
b = 10
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
28
 Conditional Statements:
if..elif..else (Example 2)

a = 20
b = 30
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
else:
print("a is greater than b") 29
 Conditional Statements:
if..elif..else (Example 3)

 One line if else statement, with 3

conditions:

a = 20
b = 20
print("A") if a > b else print("=") if a
== b else print("B")

30
 Conditional Statements:
Nested if

 Nested if:
if (condition1):
# Executes when condition1 is true
if (condition2):
# Executes when condition2 is true
# if Block is end here
# if Block is end here
31
Conditional Statements:
Nested if (flow chart)

32
 Conditional Statements:
Nested if (Example)
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num >= 0:
if num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive number")
else:
print("Negative number") 33
 Conditional Statements:
if (Indentation)
Python relies on indentation (whitespace at
the beginning of a line) to define scope in
the code. Other programming languages
often use curly-brackets for this purpose.

34
 Conditional Statements:
if (Example)
If statement, without indentation (will raise
an error):

a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
# you will get an error
35
 Conditional Statements:
if (Logical Operator)

 And:
The and keyword is a logical operator, and is
used to combine conditional statements:

Example
Test if a is greater than b, AND if c is
greater than a:
36
 Conditional Statements:
if (Logical Operator)

a = 20
b=3
c = 50
if a > b and c > a:
print("Both conditions are True..!!")

37
 Conditional Statements:
if (Logical Operator)

 Or
The or keyword is a logical operator, and is
used to combine conditional statements:

Example
Test if a is greater than b, OR if a is greater
than c:
38
 Conditional Statements:
if (Logical Operator)

a = 20
b=3
c = 50
if a > b or a > c:
print("At least one of the conditions is
True")

39
 Conditional Statements:
if (Logical Operator)

 not
Reverse the result, returns False if the result
is true
a = 20
b = 20
if not (a == b):
print(“both are not equal")

40