

Home  class10science-notes

Notes of Ch 14 Sources of Energy| Class 10th

Science
 13 Aug, 2017

Study Material and 14 Sources of Energy Class 10th Science

Topics in the Chapter

• Introduction
• Introduction
→ Need of energy
→ Need of energy
• Qualities of a good source of energy
• Qualities of a good source of energy
→ Fuels
→ Fuels
→ Characteristics of a good fuel
→ Characteristics of a good fuel
• Sources of Energy
• Sources of Energy
• Conventional sources of energy
• Conventional sources of energy
→ Fossil Fuels
→ Fossil Fuels
→ Pollution caused by Fossil Fuels
→ Pollution caused by Fossil Fuels
→ Controlling pollution caused by Fossil Fuels
→ Controlling pollution caused by Fossil Fuels
• Thermal Power Plants
• Thermal Power Plants
• Hydro Power Plants
• Hydro Power Plants
→ Advantages of Hydro power plants
→ Advantages of Hydro power plants
→ Disadvantages of Hydro Power Plants
→ Disadvantages of Hydro Power Plants
• Biomass
• Biomass
• Wood
• Wood
→ Disadvantages of using wood as fuel
→ Disadvantages of using wood as fuel
• Charcoal
• Charcoal
→ Charcoal as a better fuel
• Cowdung
• Bio gas
→ Advantages of Bio Gas
• Wind Energy
→ Use of wind energy
→ Advantages of wind energy
→ Disadvantages of wind energy
• Alternate or Non-conventional sources of energy
→ Reasons for alternate sources of energy
• Solar Energy
→ Solar energy devices
→ Solar heating devices
• Solar cooker
→ Box type Solar cooker
→ Advantages of Solar Cooker
→ Disadvantages of solar cooker
• Solar cell
→ Advantages of solar cell
→ Disadvantages of Solar cell
→ Uses of Solar cell
• Energy from the Sea
→ Tidal Energy
→ Wave Energy
→ Ocean Thermal Energy
• Geothermal Energy
→ Advantages of Geothermal Energy
→ Limitations of Geothermal energy
• Nuclear Energy
→ Nuclear Fission
→ Working of nuclear Fission
→ Major nuclear power plants
• Nuclear Fusion
→ Advantage of nuclear fusion
→ Limitations of nuclear fusion
• Environmental Consequences
→ Non-renewable sources of energy
→ Renewable sources of energy
Introduction

→ Energy comes in di몭erent forms and one form can be converted into another.
→ A source of energy is one which provide adequate amount of energy in a convenient
form over a long period of time.

Need of energy

→ For making food

→ For lightning
→ For transport
→ For running machines
→ For industrial activities and agricultural work

Qualities of a Good Source of Energy

(i) Which would do a large amount of work per unit mass.

(ii) Cheap and easily available.
(iii) Easy to store and transport.
(iv) Safe to handle and use.
(v) Does not cause environmental pollution.

• Fuels: The materials which are burnt to produce heat energy are known as fuels.
Example: wood, coal, LPG, kerosene.

Characteristics of a Good Fuel

→ High calori몭c value (give more heat per unit mass).

→ Burn without giving out any smoke or harmful gases.
→ Proper ignition temperature.
→ Cheap and easily available.
→ Easy to handle, safe to transport.
→ Convenient to store.
→ Burn smoothly.

Sources of Energy

Conventional Sources of Non-conventional Sources of Energy

Energy
 Energy

Fossil fuels (Coal, Petroleum) TSolar energy (example: solar cooker, solar cell
panel)

Thermal power plant Energy from the sea (tidal wave, OT energy)

Hydro power plants Biomass-biogas plant and Wind energy

Geothermal energy Nuclear energy

Conventional Sources of Energy

→ Sources of energy which are known to most of the people.

Example: fossil fuels, bio mass etc.

Fossil Fuels

→ Fuels developed from the fossils e.g., coal, petroleum.

→ Take millions of years to form.

→ Available in very limited amount.

→ These are non-renewable sources of energy.

• India has about 6% share in the world reserved coal, that may last 250 years more at
the present rate of consumption.

Pollution Caused by Fossil Fuels

→ Released oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur (acidic in nature) which causes acid
rain that damages trees, plants, reduces fertility of soil.

→ Produces large amount of CO2 in the atmosphere which causes green house e몭ect
leading to excessive heating of the earth.

Controlling Pollution Caused by Fossil Fuels

→ Increasing the e몭ciency of the combustion process.

→ Using various techniques to reduce the escape of harmful gases and ashes into the
surroundings.

Thermal Power Plants

→ A power plant which uses heat energy to generate electricity.

→ Burning of fossil fuels produces steam to run turbines.

→ Set up (power plants) near the coal and oil 몭elds to minimize the cost of
transportation and production.

→ Transmission of electricity is more e몭cient.

Hydro Power Plants

→ Convert the potential energy of falling water into electricity.

→ Hydro power plants are associated with Dams.

→ Around 25% of our country’s energy requirement is met by Hydro Power plants.

Advantages of Hydro power plants

→ No environmental pollution.

→ Flowing water is a renewable source of electric energy.

→ Construction of dams prevents 몭ooding of rivers, provide water for irrigation.

Disadvantages of Hydro Power Plants

→ Large areas of agricultural land, a vast variety of 몭ora and fauna, human settlements
get submerged in the water of reservoir formed by the dam.

→ Large ecosystems are destroyed.

→ Vegetation that submerged under water rots under anaerobic conditions and
produces large amount of methane which is a green house gas.

→ Creates the problems of satisfactory rehabilitation of displaced people.

Biomass

→ The dead parts of plants and trees and the waste materials of animals and man are
called Biomass.

(i) Wood: It is a biomass and used as a fuel for a long time.

• Disadvantages of using wood as fuel

→ Produces a lot of smoke on burning.

→ Do not produce much heat.
→ Thus by improvement in technology we can improve the e몭ciency of traditional
sources of energy.

For example: wood can be converted into much better fuel called charcoal.

(ii) Charcoal: When wood is burnt in limited supply of air, then water and other volatile
materials gets removed and charcoal is formed.
materials gets removed and charcoal is formed.

→ Wood on limited supply of Oxygen gas get converted into Charcoal.

• Charcoal is better fuel than wood because

→ It has higher calori몭c value than wood.

→ Does not produce smoke while burning.
→ It is a compact fuel, easy to handle and convenient to use.

(iii) Cowdung: It is biomass but it is not good to burn cow dung directly as fuel because :

→ produces lot of smoke.

→ cowdung does not burn completely, produces lot of ash as residue.
→ low calori몭c value.
→ by making bio gas (or gobar gas) from cow dung, we get a smokeless fuel.

(iv) Bio gas: It is produced in a biogas plant.

→ Anaerobic micro organisms decomposes the complex compound of the cow

dung+water slurry.

→ It takes few day for the decomposition process and generate gases like methane, CO2,
hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide.

→ Bio gas is stored in the gas tank above the digester from which they are drawn
through pipes for use.

• Advantages of Bio gas

→ It is an excellent fuel as it contains upto 75% methane (CH4 ).
→ It burns without smoke.
→ Leaves no residue like ash in wood & coal burning.
→ Heating capacity is high.
→ It is also used for lighting.
→ Slurry left behind is used as excellent manure rich in nitrogen and phosphorus.
→ Safe and e몭cient method of waste disposal.

(v) Wind energy

→ Unequal heating of the landmass and water bodies by solar radiations generate air
movement and causes wind to blow.

• Uses of kinetic energy generated by wind energy

→ to generate electricity by turning the rotor of the turbine.

→ to lift water from the well.
→ to run the 몭our mills.

→ The output of a single wind mill is quite small so a number of windmills are erected
over a large area called wind energy farm.

→ The minimum wind speed for wind mill to serve as a source of energy is 15-20 KmPH.

• Advantages of wind energy

→ Eco-friendly.
→ E몭cient source of renewable energy.
→ No recurring expenses for production of electricity.

• Disadvantages of wind energy

→ Wind energy farms need large area of land.

→ Di몭culty in getting regular wind speed of 15-20 KmPH.
→ Initial cost of establishing wind energy farm is very high.
→ High level of maintenance of blades of wind mill.

• Denmark is called the ‘Country of Winds’.

• India is ranked 5 th in harnessing wind energy for the production of electricity.

• In India largest wind energy farm has been established near Kanyakumari in Tamil
Nadu and it generates 380 MW of electricity.

Alternate or Non-conventional Sources of Energy

→ Day by day, our demand for energy increases, so there is a need for another source of
energy.

Reasons for alternate sources of energy

→ The fossil fuel reserves in the earth are limited which may get exhausted soon if we
use them at the current rate.

→ Reduce the pressure on fossil fuels making them last for a much longer time.

→ To reduce the pollution level and to save the environment.

(i) Solar Energy

→ Sun is the ultimate source of energy.

→ Energy obtained from the sun is called solar energy.

Solar constant = 1.4 KJ/s/m2
→ Outer edge of the earth receives solar energy equal to 1.4 KJ/s/m2 or 1.4 KW/m2
[... 1 KJ/s = 1 KW]

Solar energy devices:

(i) Solar cooker

(ii) Solar water heater
(iii) Solar cells

Geothermal Energy

→ ‘Geo’ means ‘earth’ and ‘thermal’ means ‘heat’.

→ Geothermal energy is the heat energy from hot rocks present inside the earth.

→ When underground water comes in contact with ‘hot spot’, steam is generated.
Steam trapped in rocks is routed through pipes to a turbine and used to generate
electricity.

Advantages of Geothermal energy

→ Economical to use geothermal energy.

→ Does not cause any pollution.

Limitations of Geothermal energy

→ Geothermal energy is not available everywhere.

→ Deep drilling in the earth to obtain geothermal energy is very di몭cult and expensive.
→ In New Zealand and USA, there are no. of power plants based on geothermal energy
are operational.

Nuclear Energy

→ The energy released during a nuclear reaction is called nuclear energy.

→ It can be obtained by two types of nuclear reactions :
(i) Nuclear 몭ssion
(ii) Nuclear fusion

(i) Nuclear Fission

• ‘Fission’ means split up.

→ The process in which the heavy nucleus of a radioactive atom (such as uranium,
plutonium or thorium) split up into smaller nuclei when bombarded with low energy
neutrons, is called nuclear 몭ssion.

→ A tremendous amount of energy is produced.

→ U-235 is used as a fuel in nuclear reactor in form of uranium rods.

Working of Nuclear Fission

→ In a nuclear reactor self sustaining chain reaction releases energy at a controlled rate,
which is used to produce steam and further generate electricity.

Major Nuclear Power Plants

(i) Tarapur (Maharashtra)

(ii) Rana Pratap Sagar (Rajasthan)
(iii) Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu)
(iv) Narora (U. P.)
(v) Kakrapar (Gujrat)
(vi) Kaiga (Karnataka)

(ii) Nuclear Fusion

→ When two nuclei of light elements (like hydrogen) combine to form a heavy nucleus
(like helium) and tremendous amount of energy is released is called nuclear fusion.

→ Very-very high temperature and pressure is needed for fusion.

→ Hydrogen bomb is based on this phenomenon.

→ Nuclear fusion is the source of energy in the sun and other stars.

Advantage of Nuclear Fusion

→ Production of large amount of useful energy from a very small amount of nuclear
fuel.

→ Does not produce green house gases like CO2.

Limitations of Nuclear Fusion

→ Environmental contamination due to improper nuclear waste storage and its disposal.

→ Risk of accidental leakage of harmful radiations.

→ High cost of installation.

→ Limited availability of nuclear fuel.

Environmental Consequences

→ Exploiting any source of energy disturbs the environment in some way or the other.

→ The source we would choose depends upon following the factors:

(i) Ease of extracting energy from the source.
(ii) Cost of extracting energy from the source.
(iii) E몭ciency of technology available to extract energy.
(iv) The environmental damage caused by using that source.

→ In other words, no source of energy is said to be pollution free. Some source are
cleaner than the other.

→ For example, solar cells may be pollution free but the assembly of the device would
have
cause some environmental damage.
 Non-renewable Sources of Energy: Sources that will get depleted some day.
For example : Fossil fuel

Renewable Sources of Energy: Energy sources that can be regenerated and that will last
for ever.
For example : Wind energy, water energy.

Go Back to Class 10 Science Notes

 Previous Post Next Post 

Important Study Materials

CBSE Class 10 and 12 Datesheet 2023

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science

NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths

 NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science

Reference Book Solutions

RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions

RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions

Important Materials

Math Formula

Physics Formula

Chemistry Formula

Important Questions for Class 10

Question Papers

Previous Year Question Papers

CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10

CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12

CBSE Class 12 Sample Papers

Quick Links

NCERT Books

Revision Notes for Class 10

Revision Notes for Class 9

Revision Notes for Class 8

ABOUT US

Studyrankers is a free educational platform for cbse k-12 students.

FOLLOW US

  

Copyright © 2023 Study Rankers All Right Reserved

Disclaimer Privacy Policy Advertise with us