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Name: _Karamjeet Dhaliwal__________________________

Week 2
Applied Physics PHYS20009 – Simulation #1: Motion

This experiment will test Newton’s second law of motion. Before you begin, answer
the following questions (in your own words!) to provide a framework of what we will
be examining:
1. What is Newton’s second law of motion?
Newton’s 2nd law states that an object is accelerated whenever a net external force
acts on it. Acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the
amount of force applied. Force= mass x acceleration. A=F/m

2. What is the relationship between acceleration and velocity?


Velocity is the rate at which an object moves in a particular direction.
Acceleration, is the rate at which an object changes it’s velocity. When the
acceleration is positive the velocity is increasing.

3. What is the relationship between velocity and distance?

Velocity is how fast an object is changing it’s position with respect to time.
Distance is how much an object travels in the given time. Distance= velocity x
time.

Part A: Variable 1 - Force


We will now start to manipulate one of the variables in Newton’s second law of
motion, force, while keeping a second variable, mass, constant, in order to
determine the final variable, acceleration. We will change the force encountered
by objects by adjusting the slope of the incline on which they will slide. The
acceleration will be determined by calculating the marble’s velocity.
1. State your hypothesis (what you expect to happen to the acceleration
with a change in force):
Force and acceleration are proportional. If you increase the force on an object the
acceleration will increase by the same proportion.
Force= mass x acceleration

2. Now perform the experiments and complete the table below. We will apply
two different forces to a crate that is going to slide down a ramp and across the
icy ground before crashing into a brick wall. Force 1 will be letting the crate
slide down an incline at an angle of 30°.

In the app:
• Click on the “Clear” button at the bottom of the pane,
• In the Friction window, click on the Ice (no friction) option,
• In the Walls window, click on the Brick option,
• Set the ramp Angle to 30°.
• In the object drop down at the bottom of the window, select the small
crate.
• Use the Object Position slider to move the crate to the top of the
ramp.
You are ready to start recording your observations! When you press the Play button
at the bottom of the frame, the crate will begin sliding down the ramp, across the
ground and crash into the wall. Make sure your sound is on! When you press the
play button, start timing on your stopwatch, and when you hear the crash (or see
the crate hit the wall) stop the timer. Record the time in the table below.
Repeat for two more trials. Note the start position and end position in meters to
calculate the change in distance.

Force 2 will be letting the crate slide at an angle about half of that for force 1,
so set the Ramp Angle to 15°. Repeat the experiment as above 3 times with the new
force.

Use this data to calculate the crate’s velocity for each of your trials., then find
the average velocity of the crate for the large and small force.

Force #1: Large Force #2: Small


Distance (m) Time (s) Velocity (m/s) Distance (m) Time (s)
Velocity (m/s)
0 m 0 s 0 m/s 0 m 0 s 0 m/s
trial 1:
8.9 m 3s 0m/s trial 1:
8.9 m 4s 0m/s
trial 2:
8.9 m 3s 0m/s trial 2:
8.9 m 4s 0 m/s
trial 3:
8.9m 3s 0m/s trial 3:
8.9 m 4s 0 m/s
Average
8.9 m 9s 0m/s Average
8.9 m 4s 0 m/s
Part B: Variable 2 - Mass
We will now manipulate the mass variable in Newton’s second law of motion while
keeping the force variable constant, again in order to determine the final
variable, acceleration. We will use different objects of different masses and
allow them to slide down a fixed incline to produce a constant applied force. The
acceleration will be determined by calculating the crate’s velocity.
1. State your hypothesis (what you expect to happen to the acceleration
with a change in mass):
. Acceleration decreases as the mass increases.

2. Now perform the experiments and complete the table below.


We will use two different objects of different masses. Each object will slide down
an incline at an angle of 30°. Set up the simulation with an ice surface and a
ramp angle of 30°. Chose a large object from the drop down menu at the bottom of
the window and record it on the table. As before, time how long it takes the
object to crash into the barrier at the bottom, note the change in distance, and
repeat for 3 trials. Use this data to calculate the object’s velocity. Repeat this
two more times, and find the average.

Now select a much smaller object, record it in the table and repeat the experiment
without changing any of the other parameters. Again, repeat the trial 3 times and
record your results.

Use this data to calculate the crate’s velocity for each of your trials., then find
the average velocity of the crate for the large and small force.

Mass #1: Large Object __________________ Mass #2: Small Object


_______________________
Distance (m) Time (s) Velocity (m/s) Distance (m) Time (s)
Velocity (m/s)
0 m 0 s 0 m/s 0 m 0 s 0 m/s
trial 1 trial 1
trial 2 trial 2
trial 3 trial 3
Average Average
Part C: Acceleration calculations
1. Once you have your 4 velocity averages, determine the acceleration for
each one by dividing the average velocity by the average time, and enter them
below.
Experiment: Acceleration (m/s2)
Force 1: large
Force 2: small
Mass 1: large
Mass 2: small
2. Based on your results, were your hypotheses for parts A and B correct

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