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PCD 03

The document discusses color and basic image processing topics including the color spectrum, CIE color standardization, RGB and CMY color models, grayscale conversion, and histograms. It explains concepts like color gamut, primary colors, and how to represent and quantify colors in digital images.

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Moh Edi Wibowo
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10 views

PCD 03

The document discusses color and basic image processing topics including the color spectrum, CIE color standardization, RGB and CMY color models, grayscale conversion, and histograms. It explains concepts like color gamut, primary colors, and how to represent and quantify colors in digital images.

Uploaded by

Moh Edi Wibowo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pengolahan Citra Digital

Color and Basic Processing

MOH EDI WIBOWO


[email protected]

Department of Computer Science and Electronics


Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Color Spectrum
● White light “is composed of” many lights with different colours

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CIE Standardization
● Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage—the International
Commission on Illumination (CIE)
○ 3 primary light colours: red, green, blue

*Rafael C. Gonzales & Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education Limited, 2018

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Light Colours and Pigment Colours
● 3 primary light colours (additive): red, green, blue
● 3 primary pigment colours (subtractive, for printing): cyan (absorbs
red, reflects green and blue), magenta, yellow

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Color Model – CIE Chormaticity Diagram
● x: red, y: green, blue = 1 – x - y

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Color Model – RGB Color Cube
● 24 bit codes (8 bits per colour)

*Rafael C. Gonzales & Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education Limited, 2018

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Color Model – CMY
● “Inverse” of RGB, codes for pigment colours (printing)

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Color Model – CMYK
● K is for “black”, many printers use separate ink for black (not as a
mixture of CMY)

if K = 1

other wise

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Color Model – HSI
● Aligned with how human perceive colours (pure red, pure green,
and pure blue for hue and saturation, white and black for intensity)

*Rafael C. Gonzales & Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education Limited, 2018

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Color Gamut
● Color gamut of monitor (triangle) and printer (shaded region) in the
CIE chromatic diagram.

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Grayscale from RGB
● Lightness method: I = (min(R, G, B) + max(R, G, B))/2
● Average method: I = (R + G + B)/3
● Luminosity method: I = 0.3R + 0.59G + 0.11B

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Histogram of Intensities
● Let rk , for k = 0, 1, 2, … , L - 1 denote the intensities of an L-level
digital image f. The unnormalized histogram of f is defined as
○ h(rk) = nk for k = 0, 1, 2, … , L – 1
○ nk is the number of pixels in f with intensity rk
● The subdivisions of the intensity scale are called histogram bins.
● The normalized histogram of f is
○ p(rk) = nk/MN
○ M and N are the height and the width of image f respectively

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THANK YOU

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