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2.1 1-Ip-Address-Fundamentals

IP addresses are unique numbers that allow systems to communicate over a network. An IP address has two parts - the network portion and the host portion. The subnet mask determines which part is the network and which is the host. Valid IP addresses must fall between 0.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.0.

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19 views16 pages

2.1 1-Ip-Address-Fundamentals

IP addresses are unique numbers that allow systems to communicate over a network. An IP address has two parts - the network portion and the host portion. The subnet mask determines which part is the network and which is the host. Valid IP addresses must fall between 0.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.0.

Uploaded by

Joel Dolot
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IP Address Fundamentals

(IPv4 Version)

Vipin Gupta [email protected] www.linuxexpert.in


BE,RHCE,CEH,CCNA,MCSE,MCSA Mobile: 93563-10379
What is Internet Protocol (IP) Address
Just as in real life if want to communicate with someone, we need a phone, it could be landline/mobile.
In addition we also need one number, which should be unique, then only we will be able to
communicate.

Same way if we want 2 or more than 2 systems to communicate, we need unique numbers for the
systems, that numbers are called IP addresses. The IP addresses are of two types, IPv4 (32 bit) and IPv6
(128 bit). But here our focus will be on 32 bit IPv4.
Can We Remember IP Address in Binary Format ?

01011111110111010111101011010111

10011111110111010111101011010101

11011111110101010100001011010100
Different Number Systems

number system digits/letters min value max value decimal equivalent


binary (2) 0,1 00 11 3
octal (8) 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 00 77 63
decimal (10) 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 00 99 99
hexadecimal (16) 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 00 FF 255
A,B,C,D,E,F

We are more comfortable with decimal system


Positional Value in Binary System
bit value (exponential) value

1 20 1
2 21 2
3 22 4
4 23 8
5 24 16
6 25 32
7 26 64
8 27 128

the positional value of binary system increases by a factor of 2.

binary decimal equivalent

101 4+0+1=5
10110011 128+0+32+16+0+0+2+1=179
11111 16+8+4+2+1=31
00000000 0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0=0
11111111 128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255
Positional Value of Different Number Systems

the positional value of “binary” system increases by a factor of “2”


the positional value of “octal” system increases by a factor of “8”.
the positional value of “decimal” system increases by a factor of “10”.
the positional value of “hexadecimal” system increases by a factor of “16”.
IP Address Range (Minimum and Maximum Values)

32 bit address is divided into 4 octets (of 8 bits each). in each octet the “min” in binary format is all zeroes
(00000000) and “max” is all ones (11111111).

In decimal, “min” is “0” and “max” is “255”. ie 4 octets can have min “0.0.0.0” and max “255.255.255.255”
values. We can not assign any value less than “0.0.0.0” and any value more than “255.255.255.255”.
Which One is Valid IP Address
IP Address Range (Minimum and Maximum Values)
Network Part and Host Part

IP 172.24.1.10 is a valid address since it falls between range. Now this IP The mask can be of many
address has got 2 parts. One is network part, other is host part. Which part is types but mostly we are
“network no” and which part is “host no” will be decided by “subnet mask”. comfortable with

You can simply compare our IP addresses with our phone number which 255.255.255.0
contains “city code” and “phone no” portion. For particular “city”, “code” 255.255.0.0.
will be same. 255.0.0.0
Network Part and Host Part

addresses subnet mask network network written as host can be named class
172.24.1.10 255.255.255.0 172.24.1 172.24.1.0 10 C
172.24.1.10 255.255.0.0 172.24 172.24.0.0 1.10 B
172.24.1.10 255.0.0.0 172 172.0.0.0 24.1.10 A
Are Systems in Networking ?

The network portion is different for both systems, so


systems will not be in networking.
Are Systems in Networking ?

Since the network portion is same for systems, so systems


will be in networking.
Are Systems in Networking ?

Since the network portion is same for systems, so systems


will be in networking.
Are Systems in Networking ?

The network portion is different for both systems, so systems will not
be in networking. In this case no matter what mask we are going to
set, the network portion will not be the same. so to make these 2
systems communicate we will need “router”.
CIDR (Classless Inter Domain Routing) or Slash “/” Notation

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