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Statistical Hypothesis

The document discusses hypothesis testing including defining the null and alternative hypotheses, identifying the level of significance, computing the test statistic, determining critical values and p-values, and drawing conclusions. It provides examples of hypothesis tests including the steps and solutions.

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11 views

Statistical Hypothesis

The document discusses hypothesis testing including defining the null and alternative hypotheses, identifying the level of significance, computing the test statistic, determining critical values and p-values, and drawing conclusions. It provides examples of hypothesis tests including the steps and solutions.

Uploaded by

glongnek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 5

Prepared by: Denise Mae D. Catada BSEd- Math IV


Pre-service Teacher


According to Merriam Webster,
hypothesis is an assumption, an
idea that is proposed for the sake
of argument so that it can be
tested to see if it might be true.
A hypothesis test is a statistical
procedure that’s designed to test a
claim. Thus, hypothesis testing is a
statistician’s way of trying to confirm
or deny a claim about a population
using data from a sample.
Every hypothesis test contains two
hypotheses. The first hypothesis is called the
null hypothesis, denoted Ho. The null
hypothesis always states that the population
parameter is equal to the claimed value.

• For example, if the claim is that the


average time to make a name-brand ready-
mix pie is five minutes, the statistical
shorthand notation for the null hypothesis
in this case would be as follows: Ho: 𝜇 = 5.
Before actually conducting a hypothesis test,
you have to put two possible hypotheses on
the table – the null hypothesis is one of them.
But, if the null hypothesis is found not to be
true, what’s your alternative going to be?
Actually, three possibilities exist for the
second (or alternative) hypothesis, denoted
𝑯𝒂 . Here they are, along with their shorthand
notations in the context of the example:
Here they are, along with their shorthand
notations in the context of the example:
• The population parameter is not equal to
the claimed value (Ha: μ ≠ 5)
• The population parameter is greater than
the claimed value (Ha: μ > 5 )
• The population parameter is less than the
claimed value (Ha: μ < 5)
1. The null hypothesis, denoted by 𝑯𝟎 , is
a statement saying that there is no
significant difference between
population parameter and the value
being claimed. It is the hypothesis to be
tested.
2. The alternative hypothesis, denoted
by 𝑯𝒂 , is a statement saying that there is
a significant difference between
population parameter and the value
being claimed. This is a statement that
will be true once the null hypothesis is
rejected.
The following are steps for a hypothesis test for a
population mean when the variance is known and the
population is assumed to follow normal distribution:

1. State the null and alternative hypotheses.


2. Identify the level of significance.
3. Compute the test statistic.
4. Determine the critical value or the p – value.
5. Draw a conclusion.
The appropriate test statistic for testing a claim about a
population mean when the population variance is known
and n ≥ 30 is.
ഥ − µ
𝒙
𝒛= 𝝈
𝒏
Ho: µ = 84
Ha: µ ≠ 84
ഥ = 87, σ = 10, n=28, α = 0.05
𝑿

Ho: µ = 75
Ha: µ ≠ 75
ഥ = 77, σ = 10.5,
𝑿 n=40, α = 0.1
α
β
True State of Nature
Decision The null hypothesis is The null hypothesis is
true. false.
Reject the null hypothesis Ho Type I error Correct decision
Fail to reject the null hypothesis Ho Correct decision Type II error

The ability to detect when Ho is truly false is called the power of a test.
Power is a pretty complicated issue, but what’s important for you to know is
that the higher the sample size, the more powerful a test is. A powerful
test has a small chance for a Type-2 error.
Solve the following problems. Identify the
given data and show your complete solutions using (traditional
methodandp-valuemethod) hypothesistestingformula.
The leader of the association of jeepney drivers claims
that the average daily take home of all jeepney drivers in
Pasay City is Php 400.00. A random sample of 100
jeepney drivers in Pasay City was interviewed and the
average of daily take home pay of these drivers is found
to be Php 425. Use a 0.05 significance level to find out if
the average daily take home pay of all jeepney drivers in
Pasay City is different from the P400.00. Assume that
the population variance is Php 8, 464.00.
Solve the following problems. Show your
completesolutionsusingthep-valuemethod.

1. Ho: µ = 50
Ha: µ < 50
ഥ = 45,
𝑿 σ = 12, n=32, α = 0.1
2. Ho: µ = 63
Ha: µ > 63
ഥ = 70,
𝑿 𝟐
σ = 169, n=54, α= 0.05
Using the traditional method, (a) state the null
and alternative hypotheses, (b) compute the test statistic, (c)
determinethecriticalvalueandtherejectionregion,and(d)drawa
conclusion.
The cashier of a fast – food restaurant claims that the average
amount spent by customers for dinner is Php 120.00. A sample of
50 customers over a month period was randomly selected and it
was found out that the average amount spent for dinner was
P122.50. Using a 0.05 level of significance, can it be concluded
that the average amount spent by customers is different from
Php 120.00? Assume that the population standard deviation is
Php 6.50. (Use two – tailed testing)

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