Fastener Seminar

JAN TZEN NG (MANAGING DIRECTOR)

MUHD FARIS (QUALITY)
HyFlex 11-801

JZ Gloves Holder
SCAN ME!
 Disclaimer
This presentation is intended for educational purpose and limited to
this session. It do not replace independent professional judgement.
This outline objective is to be informational. JZ Industry Sdn Bhd
assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omission in the
content. The information contained in this slide or session is
provided on an “as is” basis with no guarantees of completeness,
accuracy, usefulness or timeliness and without any warranties of any
kind whatsoever, express or implied.
JZ SMART

ABOUT US
 ABOUT US
JZVend
Fasteners are devices that
create temporary joints
on two or more objects.

DEFINITION
Mechanical
Fastener
THE INDUSTRY
BA 5390
DIMENSIONS
(THREAD)
Imperial Metric

MEASUREMENT
SYSTEM
• Dimension: Inch, foot, yard • Dimension: mm, cm, km
• Weight: lb • Weight: kg

• Force: lbf • Force: N

• Stress: psi • Stress: MPa

DESIGN & DIMENSION

DIN 6923

INTERNATIONAL
ASME B1.13M

STANDARD
MATERIAL

Yellow Zinc Serrated Flange Nut (Metric)

ISO 898-2
M6 Class 8

FINISH

ISO 4041
 Square
Buttress

THREAD
Unified/Metric
ACME
 Crest Pitch

NOMENCLATURE
Minor Pitch Major
Diameter Diameter Diameter

Root
EXTERNAL THREAD

INTERNAL THREAD
 THREAD
PRODUCTION
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
 STRESS-STRAIN
Stress

TS

YS

BEHAVIOR
Strain, %

Elastic Plastic
 DUCTILITY
BRITTLE

DUCTILE
TOUGHNESS
 HARDER THAN

HARDNESS
• Hardness is a measure of material’s resistance to localized plastic
deformation (e.g. small dent or scratch)
• Brinell, Rockwell, Knoop, Vickers, Shore “A”, etc.
 HARDENABILITY
40 HRC 34 HRC 24 HRC 34 HRC 40 HRC
Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
X X X X X
Measure of the
Cr-Mo Alloy Steel capacity of a steel to
be hardened in
Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
depth.
Cr Alloy Steel

Medium Carbon Steel

• Fill with Nord Lock Slide (Superbolt)

CLAMP LOAD
TORQUE &
MATERIAL
 Metal Polymer
PEEK
FERROUS NON-FERROUS

MATERIAL
Stainless Steel Brass
 < 2%
OTHER
ELEMENT
Steel

STEEL
Carbon steel Alloy steel Stainless steel
 LOW CARBON

CARBON STEEL
0.05% ≤ C < 0.3%
So, what exactly is cold work?
FORGE

ROLL

• Strengthening through cold

EXTRUSION
work
• Outstanding ductility and DRAWING
toughness
• Machinable and weldable
 MEDIUM CARBON HIGH CARBON

CARBON STEEL
0.3% ≤ C < 0.6% C ≥ 0.6%

• Strengthening through heat • Strengthening through heat

treatment treatment
• Stronger than low carbon steel • Hardest and strongest
• Especially wear resistant and
capable of holding sharp
THEY ARE HEAT-TREATABLE
cutting objects
HEAT TREATMENT
Cr-Ni-Mo 4340 8% OF ALLOYING

ALLOY STEEL
ELEMENT

Corrosion resistance

Hardenability

Toughness
Austenitic

STAINLESS
Martensitic

STEEL
Ferritic

≥ 10.5% < 1.20 %

 ALUMINUM
7xxx Series Al Alloy
 POLYMER -
PEEK
PEEK

PEEK
CORROSION
CORROSION
 Zinc

Uniform

Susceptibility
Cadmium

Some Galvanic

Crevice examples Mild steel

Pitting
Brass

Silver
 Hot Dip
Zinc Black Oxide Galvanize

Nickel Xylan

Coatings are applied to

protect the steel
Loctite®
Anti-Seize
Lubricants
Technical Basics
Types of Friction / Lubricants
Fluid friction Mixed friction Boundary friction

 No contact between parts  Partial contact between parts  Contact between parts
 High speed  Medium speed  Low speed
 No / Low pressure on parts  Medium pressure on parts  High load / pressure on parts
Effect: Effect: Effect:
 Lubricant aging  Temperature peaks  Wear
 Internal shear stress  Abrasive wear  Seizing
 Temperature increase
 Viscosity decrease
Solution: Oil Solution: Grease Solution: Anti-Seize
Technical Basics
Lubricants in Action
Level of Friction

Anti-Seize (boundary friction)

Grease (mixed friction)
Oil (fluid friction)

Starting friction
Transition speed to fluid
friction

Speed
Anti-Seize should not be used for medium or high speed applications as solids
would become abrasive
What is Anti-Seize?

Grease
+
Special Solid Components

=
Anti-Seize
 What is Anti-Seize?
Chemistry
STEP ONE:
• Minute particles, typically metal, are
suspended in a high quality grease
• The grease serves as a lubricant up to
approx. 400°F
• At higher temperatures, the grease
begins to dissipate

Solid particles remain

 What is Anti-Seize?
Chemistry
At high temperatures:
STEP TWO:
• Remaining particles plate the surface,
forming a protective finish that
prevents against:
Preventing against:
Cold welding
Galling
Metal seizure
What is Anti-Seize?
Chemistry: Formulation
General Anti-Seize
Contents:
• Oil
• Grease
• Lubricating Solids
• Thickeners
 What is Anti-Seize?
Chemistry: Formulation
 Petroleum Based Oils: Mineral oil, Naphthenic oil
 Synthetic Oils: Silicone, diesters, olefins, glycols and polybutenes
 Petroleum Oil Based Greases: Mineral or Naphthenic oil thickened with sodium,
aluminum, calcium, lithium soaps or their complexes or thickened with
chemically treated bentonite clays, silica or polymer thickened oil such as
polyurea greases
 Synthetic Oil Based Greases: Thickened with silica or soap
 Thickeners: Silica, chemically treated bentones, castor oil derivatives,
polyamides, petroleum waxes
 What is Anti-Seize?
Chemistry: Formulation
• Additives: Rust inhibitors, EP additives, surfactants, antioxidants
• Metallic Solids: Element Metal powder or flakes such as copper, nickel,
aluminum, zinc, lead
• Metal Oxides: Calcium oxides, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide,
titanium oxide, barium oxide, antimony oxide
• Metal Hydroxides: Calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxides
• Non-Metallic Solids: Graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), mica, talc, tungsten disulfide
What is Anti-Seize?
Chemistry: Composition of Lubricants
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
Solids to improve
50% Additive performance
40% Thickener — to give structure
30% Oil — for lubrication
20%
10%
0%
Anti-Seize Grease Oil
 Applications
When to use Anti-Seize?
• Anti-seize is best used in metal joints that will need to be serviced in the future.
• Protects in environments exposed to:
• Rust
• High pressures
• High temperatures
• Water washout
• Bi-metallic corrosion
• Chemical attacks
• Dusty environments
Applications
Benefits
Benefits:
• Ease of assembly and disassembly
• Protection of mated metal parts
• Extends life of expensive fittings
• Reduces downtime due to seizure
• Reduces part breakage
High quality base grease:
• High pressure resistance
• Resists water washout
Solid components:
• High temperature resistance
• Lubricates up to 2400°F
• Specific metal compatibility
FASTENERS FAILURE
 Mechanical Failure

Mismatch Hardware

Hydrogen Embrittlement

Fatigue

Vibration Loosening
Stress Corrosion Cracking
 CASE STUDY
HYDROGEN
EMBRITTLEMENT
Eastern Bay Bridge
What is Hydrogen Embrittlement

1 2 3 4
 ROOT WATCH OUT!
CAUSE
Material
condition
• Hardness (core & surface) > 38 HRC
• Case depth > ASME B18.6.3 (inch) &
ISO 2702 (metric)

Hydrogen PREVENTION
Embrittlement
• Select appropriate coating
• Use of appropriate installation
Hydrogen Tensile method
source stress
• Baking
Loctite Threadlocker Technology
Sharing
NAME: Andy Koon
General Manufacturing and Maintenance (GMM) Steering Unit

Date: 31st May 2022

Introduction
What is Anaerobic?
• Anaerobic is opposed to
word aerobic.

• Anaerobic adhesives
** Single-component
** Cure with absence of
oxygen and presence of
metal ions
Anaerobic
Cure Mechanism
Cure when isolated from oxygen in the presence of metal ions

O2 O2
O2 O2 O O2 O Fe Fe Cu
2 O2 2 Cu Fe
Cu
Cu
Fe
Cu Cu
Fe Cu
Fe Fe Cu Fe

Cu Fe Fe Fe Cu
Cu
Cu Cu
Cu Cu
Cu Fe
Fe Fe Cu Fe
Cu

• Stays liquid in contact with oxygen • Cures to a solid thermoset in absence of

air and active metal contact
Anaerobic (Cure Mechanism)
• Copper • Plated parts
Active • Bronze • Gold Inactive
• Cast Iron • Stainless Steel
• Brass
• Galvanized Steel
• Nickel
• Zinc
• Plain Steel
• Manganese
• Silver
• High-Alloy steel
• Aluminum
• Aluminum (Anodized)
• Magnesium
• Cadmium
• Chromated
• Nickel
 Anaerobic
Factor of Curing Speed
Cure speed depends on:
• Substrate
• Temperature
• Use of primer
• Bonding gap

Indications for use of primer:

• Inactive substrates
• Low temperature (< 5°C)
Loctite 567
• Speed up curing
• Large bond gaps
Loctite Anaerobic Adhesives Technology
Typical Applications
Threadlockers Retaining Compounds

Thread Sealants Flange Sealants

 Anaerobics
Unique Factors - Thread locking
Relaxation Self-loosening

Causes of
Failure Different thermal expansion Corrosion

Steel

Copper
Anaerobics
Unique Factors - Threadlocking

Air
85%

metal to
metal
 Threadlocking
Key characters of Loctite Threadlocker
• Single component - quick and easy to apply
• Reliable vibration resistance, prevent loosening
• Extreme temperature resistance
• Rapid cure
• Seal threads
• Stops rust and corrosion
• Can be used on various sizes of fasteners - reduces inventory costs
• Available in a variety of viscosities and strengths for virtually any application
Anaerobics
Unique Factors - Threadlocking
Comparative Vibration Testing Performance (transverse shock test)
Pre-stress force in % ¼” BOLT

100
AIR AIR
HAMMER HAMMER

80

60
STRAIN
GAUGES
Unsecured standard bolt Figure 21 TEST MACHINE

40 Bolt with DIN 127A spring washer

Bolt with DIN 6797A tooth lock washer

20 Nut with nylon insert

Bolt with saw-toothed flange

0 Standard bolt with Loctite®

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Number of Load Cycles

 Anaerobics
Application Case History
Situation Solution

An electric motor manufacturer is having a problem LOCTITE 243 eliminates all forms of fastener
with fastener loosening on the housing end bells. loosening.

Bolts with lock washers continue to loosen from The bolt can be easily broken loose with the same tools
vibration of the cooling equipment operation. used for assembly

When end bells loosen the motor is damaged and Warranty motor replacements drop to almost zero,
requires replacement under warranty Restoring Brand Image
High cost of motor replacement and loss brand image
with their potential customer base

Substrate: Mild Steel

By Nord Lock
Wedge Lock Technology
 [email protected]

https://www.jzindustry.net/

+607 553 9138

JZ Industry Sdn Bhd

THANK YOU