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Half and Ionic Equations (GCSE)

The document discusses writing and balancing ionic equations for redox reactions. It defines oxidation and reduction and provides examples of half reactions and ionic equations. It also discusses identifying spectator ions and writing net ionic equations. Practice problems are given to write ionic equations for several chemical reactions.

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192 views31 pages

Half and Ionic Equations (GCSE)

The document discusses writing and balancing ionic equations for redox reactions. It defines oxidation and reduction and provides examples of half reactions and ionic equations. It also discusses identifying spectator ions and writing net ionic equations. Practice problems are given to write ionic equations for several chemical reactions.

Uploaded by

william.ongeri.tutoring
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CW 09/03/2024

Learning Objective:
write half equations
construct balanced ionic equations.
Keywords: Electrons, charges, balance.
Starter Task:
1. How many electrons does magnesium lose when it becomes an io
2. How many electrons does oxygen gain when it becomes an ion?
3. How many electrons does sodium lose when it becomes an ion?
4. How many electrons does chlorine gain when It becomes an ion?
5. How many electrons does barium lose when it becomes an ion?
OILRIG An easy way to remember what happens to the electrons
during oxidation and reduction is to think OILRIG:

Equations written to show what happens to electrons during


oxidation and reduction are called half-equations.

The half equations for the


reaction of copper sulfate
and zinc are:

reduction:
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu (s)
Ions you should know
• Cations (positive – metals) Anions (negative – non
metals)
• Na+ sodium Cl- chloride
• K+ potassium F- fluoride
• Mg2+ magnesium Br- bromide
• Ca2+ calcium O2- oxide
• Fe2+ iron (II) OH- hydroxide
• Cu2+ copper (II) NO3- nitrate
• Li+ lithium SO42- sulfate
• Ag+ silver HCO3- hydrogen carbonate
• NH4+ ammonium CO32- carbonate
Types of Equations
Word Equations: Describe the reaction and name the substances
Copper sulphate + magnesium à magnesium sulphate + copper

Chemical Equations: Show the whole reaction


CuSO4 (aq) + Mg(s) à MgSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)

Ionic Equations: Only shows how oppositely charged ions form ionic
compounds.
Cu2+ (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s)

Half Equations Only shows ions and the movement of electrons.


Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- à Cu(s) and Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + 2e-
1) What is the definition of oxidation and reduction?

2) Complete these half equations:


a) …Cl- à Cl2 +… e-
b) …O2- à O2 +… e-

c) Ca2+ +… e- à Ca
d) Al3+ +… e- à Al
e) …N3- à N2 + …e-
f) …H+ + …e- à H2
Writing ionic equations
The reaction of solid sodium (Na) and hydrochloric acid (HCl)
can be written to show the ionic components of the reaction.

What is the balanced ionic equation for this reaction?

1. First split the aqueous ionic compounds into their


separated (dissociated) ions:
Writing ionic equations
remember your
state symbols!

Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) + H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) + H2O(l)

These are called spectator ions


Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) + H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) + H2O(g)
Ionic equations and redox reactions
A redox reaction is a reaction in which both oxidation and reduction are
occurring.
For example, the reaction of solid zinc and aqueous copper(II) sulfate solution.

What is the net ionic equation for this reaction?


Ionic equations and redox reactions
A redox reaction is a reaction in which both oxidation and reduction are
occurring.
For example, the reaction of solid zinc and aqueous copper(II) sulfate solution.

What is the net ionic equation for this reaction?

Which species are oxidised and which are reduced?


Producing Ionic Equations for Redox Reactions
• Redox reactions involve REDUCTION and OXIDATION
REDUCTION = gain of electrons OXIDATION = loss of electrons
Displacement reactions involve redox. One metal gains electrons, while the
other loses them. There are also SPECTATOR ions that we need to identify
and ignore!
Magnesium(s) + copper(II) sulphate(aq) à magnesium sulphate(aq) +
copper(s)
CuSO4 (aq) + Mg(s) à MgSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)
Cu2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Cu(s)

SPECTATOR ions
Producing Ionic Equations for Redox Reactions
• Redox reactions involve REDUCTION and OXIDATION
REDUCTION = gain of electrons OXIDATION = loss of electrons
Displacement reactions involve redox. One metal gains electrons, while the
other loses them. There are also SPECTATOR ions that we need to identify
and ignore!
Magnesium(s) + copper(II) sulphate(aq) à magnesium sulphate(aq) +
copper(s)
CuSO4 (aq) + Mg(s) à MgSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)
Cu2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Cu(s)

SPECTATOR ions
Producing Ionic Equations for Redox Reactions
Magnesium(s) + copper(II) sulphate(aq) à magnesium sulphate(aq) +
copper(s)
CuSO4 (aq) + Mg(s) à MgSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)
Cu2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Cu(s)

SPECTATOR ions
These are the same on both sides and should be cancelled out
Cu2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Cu(s)

Cu2+(aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s)


Producing Ionic Equations for Redox Reactions
Magnesium(s) + sulphuric acid(aq) à magnesium sulphate(aq) +
hydrogen(g)
H2SO4 (aq) + Mg(s) à MgSO4 (aq) + H2(g)
2H+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + H2 (g)

SPECTATOR ions Hydrogen


has
These are the same on both sides and should be cancelled out
changed
2H (aq) + SO4 (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg (aq) + SO4 (aq) + H2 (g)
+ 2- 2+ 2-
state so it
must be left
2H+(aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + H2 (g) in the ionic
equations
Producing Ionic Equations for Redox Reactions
Magnesium(s) + sulphuric acid(aq) à magnesium sulphate(aq) +
hydrogen(g)
H2SO4 (aq) + Mg(s) à MgSO4 (aq) + H2(g)
2H+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) + H2 (g)

SPECTATOR ions Hydrogen


has
These are the same on both sides and should be cancelled out
changed
2H (aq) + SO4 (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg (aq) + SO4 (aq) + H2 (g)
+ 2- 2+ 2-
state so it
must be left
2H+(aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+(aq) + H2 (g) in the ionic
equations
Practice
Write ionic equations for the following chemical equations
1. Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2Na(s) à 2NaNO3(aq) + Ca(s)
2. Na2CO3(aq) + 2K(s) + K2CO3(aq) + 2Na(s)
3. FeSO4(aq) + Zn(s) à ZnSO4(aq) + Fe(s)
4. Fe2(SO4)3 + 3Zn(s) à 3ZnSO4(aq) + 2Fe (s)
5. 2HCl(aq) + Fe(s) à FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)
6. 2HNO3(aq) + Mg(s) à Mg(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)
Extension
• Zinc(s) + copper(II) sulphate(aq) à zinc sulphate(aq) + copper(s)
• Calcium nitrate(aq) + potassium(s) à potassium nitrate(aq) + calcium(s)
• lithium sulphate(aq) + sodium(s) à
Practice
Write ionic equations for the following chemical equations
1. Ca2+ (aq) + 2Na(s) à 2Na+ (aq) + Ca(s)
2. 2Na+ (aq) + 2K(s) à 2K+ (aq) + 2Na(s)
3. Fe2+ (aq) + Zn(s) à Zn2+ (aq) + Fe(s)
4. 2Fe2+(aq) + 3Zn(s) à 3Zn2+ (aq) + 2Fe (s)
5. 2H+ (aq) + Fe(s) à Fe2+ (aq) + H2(g)
6. 2H+ (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+ (aq) + H2(g)
Extension
• Zinc(s) + copper(II) sulphate(aq) à zinc sulphate(aq) + copper(s)
• Calcium nitrate(aq) + potassium(s) à potassium nitrate(aq) + calcium(s)
• lithium sulphate(aq) + sodium(s) à
Practice
Write ionic equations for the following chemical equations
1. Ca2+ (aq) + Na(s) à 2Na+ (aq) + Ca(s)
2. 2Na+ (aq) + 2K(s) à 2K+ (aq) + 2Na(s)
3. Fe2+ (aq) + Zn(s) à Zn2+ (aq) + Fe(s)
4. 2Fe2+(aq) + 3Zn(s) à 3Zn2+ (aq) + 2Fe (s)
5. 2H+ (aq) + Fe(s) à Fe2+ (aq) + H2(g)
6. 2H+ (aq) + Mg(s) à Mg2+ (aq) + H2(g)
Extension
• Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) à Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq) Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) à Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)
• Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2K(s) à 2KNO3(aq) + Ca(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2K(s) à 2K+(aq) + Ca(s)
• Li2SO4(aq) + 2Na(s) à Na2SO4(aq) + 2Li(s) Li+(aq) + Na(s) à Na+(aq) + Li(s)
WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNT TODAY?
Choose one of the
following...

TWEET ME Call my bluff!


Art Smart
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important thing you Write TWO true
statements and one Draw me the
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false. most important
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guess the false learnt today
characters in your
book! statement and
explain why?

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