601-2: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

Unit-2
Architecture of Cloud Computing

2.1 Basics of Planning and deployment of Cloud

2.1.1 Cloud Planning phases
2.1.1.1 Business Architecture Development
2.1.1.2 IT Architecture Development
2.1.1.3 Transformation Plan Development
2.1.2 Technologies behind the Cloud
2.1.2.1 Virtualization
2.1.2.2 Service oriented Architecture (SOA)
2.1.2.3 Utility Computing
2.2 Cloud Computing Architecture
2.3 Infrastructure components of Cloud

2.1 Basics of Planning and deployment of Cloud

2.1.1 Cloud Planning phases

 Cloud planning is the process of developing a strategy for moving to the
cloud, and then creating a plan to implement that strategy. The cloud
planning process typically consists of the following phases:

2.1.1.1 Business Architecture Development

 The business architecture should define the business goals and

objectives, as well as the key performance indicators (KPIs) that will be
used to measure progress towards those goals.
 The business architecture should also identify the IT applications and
infrastructure that are needed to support the business goals and
objectives.
 The business architecture should be developed in consultation with all
stakeholders, including business leaders, IT leaders, and end users.
2.1.1.2 IT Architecture Development

 The goal of IT architecture development is to design the IT infrastructure

and applications that will be deployed in the cloud.

 This includes designing the cloud computing platform, the cloud

applications, and the cloud network.

2.1.1.3 Transformation Plan Development

 The goal of transformation plan development is to create a plan

for moving your applications and infrastructure to the cloud.

This plan should include the following steps:

 Assess your current IT environment.

 Design your cloud environment.
 Migrate your applications and data to the cloud.
 Test your applications in the cloud.
 Deploy your applications to the cloud.

2.1.2 Technologies behind the Cloud

2.1.2.1 Virtualization
 Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of
something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating
system or network resources".
 Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single physical
instance of a resource or an application among multiple customers and
organizations.
 It does by assigning a logical name to a physical storage and providing a
pointer to that physical resource when demanded.
 Virtual machine is going to create is known as Host Machine and that
virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine.
Types of Virtualization
1. Hardware Virtualization.
2. Operating system Virtualization.
3. Server Virtualization.
4. Storage Virtualization.

Hardware Virtualization

 When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is

directly installed on the hardware system is known as hardware
virtualization.
 The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor,
memory and other hardware resources.
 After virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating
system on it and run different applications on those OS.
 Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because
controlling virtual machines is much easier than controlling a physical
server.

Operating system Virtualization

 When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is
installed on the Host operating system instead of directly on the hardware
system is known as operating system virtualization.
 Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for testing the applications
on different platforms of OS.

Server Virtualization

 When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is

directly installed on the Server system is known as server virtualization.
 Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be
divided into multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing the
load.
 Storage Virtualization.

 Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical storage

from multiple network storage devices so that it looks like a single
storage device.
 Storage virtualization is also implemented by using software
applications. Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and
recovery purposes.

How does virtualization work in cloud computing?

 Virtualization plays a very important role in the cloud computing

technology, normally in the cloud computing, users share the data
present in the clouds like application etc, but actually with the help of
virtualization users shares the Infrastructure.
 The main usage of Virtualization Technology is to provide the
applications with the standard versions to their cloud users, suppose if
the next version of that application is released, then cloud provider has to
provide the latest version to their cloud users and practically it is possible
because it is more expensive.
 To overcome this problem we use basically virtualization technology, By
using virtualization, all severs and the software application which are
required by other cloud providers are maintained by the third party
people, and the cloud providers has to pay the money on monthly or
annual basis.

2.1.2.2 Service oriented Architecture (SOA)

 A Service-Oriented Architecture or SOA is a design pattern which is

designed to build distributed systems that deliver services to other
applications through the protocol.
 It is only a concept and not limited to any programming language or
platform.
What is Service?

 A service is a well-defined, self-contained function that represents a unit

of functionality.
 A service can exchange information from another service. It is not
dependent on the state of another service.
 It uses a loosely coupled, message-based communication model to
communicate with applications and other services.

Characteristics of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):

Modularity: Services are designed as modular components, allowing for

independent development, deployment, and maintenance. Each service focuses
on specific functionalities.

Loose Coupling: Services in an SOA are loosely coupled, meaning they can
operate independently without direct dependencies on each other's
implementations. Communication happens through standardized interfaces.

Reusability: Services are designed to be reusable across various applications and

scenarios, promoting a more efficient development process.

Interoperability: Services in an SOA can communicate and work with each other
regardless of the technology stack or platform they're built on, promoting
seamless integration.

Scalability: SOA allows for easy scalability by adding or removing services as

needed without impacting the entire architecture.

2.1.2.3 Utility Computing

 Utility computing is defined as a service provisioning model that offers

computing resources to clients as and when they require them on an on-
demand basis.
 The charges are exactly as per the consumption of the services provided,
rather than a fixed charge or a flat rate.
  Utility computing is a subset of cloud computing, allowing users to scale
up and down based on their needs.
 Clients, users, or businesses acquire amenities such as data storage
space, computing capabilities, applications services, virtual servers, or
even hardware rentals such as CPUs, monitors, and input devices.
 The utility computing model is based on conventional utilities and
originates from the process of making IT resources as easily available as
traditional public utilities such as electricity, gas, water, and telephone
services.
 For example, a consumer pays his electricity bill as per the number of
units consumed, nothing more and nothing less. Similarly, utility
computing works on the same concept, which is a pay-per-use model.

2.2 Cloud Computing Architecture

 Cloud computing technology is used by both small and large organizations

to store the information in cloud and access it from anywhere at any time
using the internet connection.
 Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented
architecture and event-driven architecture.

Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts –

 Front End
 Back End
Front End

 The front end is used by the client. It contains client-side interfaces and
applications that are required to access the cloud computing platforms.
 The front end includes web servers (including Chrome, Firefox, internet
explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile devices.

Back End

 The back end is used by the service provider.

 It manages all the resources that are required to provide cloud computing
services.
 It includes a huge amount of data storage, security mechanism, virtual
machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.

2.3 Infrastructure components of Cloud

 Cloud computing refers to providing on demand services to the
customer anywhere and anytime irrespective of everything where the
cloud infrastructure represents the one who activates the complete
cloud computing system.
  Cloud infrastructure has more capabilities of providing the same
services as the physical infrastructure to the customers.
 It is available for private cloud, public cloud, and hybrid cloud
systems with low cost, greater flexibility and scalability.

Cloud Infrastructure Components:

 Different components of cloud infrastructure supports the computing

requirements of a cloud computing model.
 Cloud infrastructure has number of key components but not limited to
only server, software, network and storage devices. Still cloud
infrastructure is categorized into three parts in general i.e.
 Computing
 Networking
 Storage

 The most important point is that cloud infrastructure should have some
basic infrastructural constraints like transparency, scalability, security and
intelligent monitoring etc.