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Lab 4hzj

The document discusses the histological structure of the digestive tract. It describes the layers of the digestive tract from innermost to outermost, and provides details on the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa layers. It also provides information about the specific structures of the esophagus and stomach.

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15 views

Lab 4hzj

The document discusses the histological structure of the digestive tract. It describes the layers of the digestive tract from innermost to outermost, and provides details on the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa layers. It also provides information about the specific structures of the esophagus and stomach.

Uploaded by

2cyvgpcs8z
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Mosul

College of Pharmacy
& 1j ..

Digestive System
Practical of human histology
1st stage
Assistant lecturer: Sabah S. Ismael
2023 - 2024
Digestive System
• The digestive (gastrointestinal) tract is a long hollow tube that
extends from the esophagus to the rectum
5I *I
• It includes the:
Esophagus
&
Stomach O
· I
Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
&
digestive
traff
Large intestine (colon)
Rectum
Digestive System Divisions
The layers of the histological structure of the digestive
tract, from innermost to outermost, are as follows:

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis externa
• Serosa (or adventitia)
M& Chil
b 15
&
& .

* ↑ 81
- -

&

&

Because of the different functions of the digestive organs in the >


-

digestive process, the morphology of these layers exhibits variations. Y


S
Mucosa s

• The mucosa: is the innermost layer of the


digestive tube. It consists of: a covering
epithelium and glands that extend into the
underlying layer of loose connective tissue
called the lamina propria.
• An inner circular and outer longitudinal layer
of smooth muscle, called the muscularis
mucosae, forms the outer boundary of the
mucosa. &5 1>

Lamina propria
Submucosa ~
• The submucosa: is located below the
mucosa. It consists of dense irregular
connective tissue with numerous blood
and lymph vessels and a submucosal
(Meissner’s) nerve plexus. * s
- MUCOSA

• The neurons and axons of the


submucosal nerve plexus control the
L & I

y motility of the mucosa and secretory


J -

( Ol j)
↑

- a*

activities of associated mucosal glands. s


3.The muscularis externa: is a thick
smooth muscle layer located inferior to
the submucosa.
Serosa
The serosa: is a thin layer of
loose connective tissue that U
&H
surrounds the visceral organs.
/
-

The visceral organs may or may


not be covered by a thin outer
layer of squamous epithelium
called mesothelium.
J
-

Esophagus & s ob
2

• The esophagus is a soft tube approximately 10 inches


long that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
Whose function is to transport foodstuffs from the mouth
Fun
ctioto the stomach. It consist of:
n

1.Mucosa:
a. Epithelium:
In humans is lined by thick non-keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium. -

&
-

&* S A I

-*
- -
J
-
- ↑

&
b. Lamina propria: --
-
-

Loose connective tissue, which is highly cellular, contains


diffuse lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and may
contain lymphatic nodules.
c. Muscularis mucosa: Is a s
.
s s

It consists of smooth muscle arranged longitudinally. The


muscularis mucosae help the movement of the mucosa, Function
increasing its contact with the food.
2.Submucosa: ...
C
De
I

It consists of fibro-elastic connective tissue layer,


it contains large blood vessels and nerves. In the
&jigt ,
submucosa are groups of small mucus-secreting
glands, the esophageal glands, it secretes mucus
its function to facilitates the transport of food Funct
ion

stuffs and protects the mucosa.

3.Muscularis externa:
* s 45
-

• The muscle arranged in two layers inner circular and outer longitudinal.
-

51 & I

• In the upper third: muscularis externa contains skeletal muscle, In the


middle: both smooth and skeletal muscle found in muscularis externa, In
lower third: muscularis externa contains smooth muscle.
4.Adventitia and serosa:
• Adventitia surrounds the esophagus in the thoracic cavity.
Stomach
The stomach is an expanded hollow organ situated between the esophagus
and small intestine.
Mucosa:
1. Epithelium: ↑.
The lumen of stomach is lined by a simple columnar epithelium, composed
of surface lining cells whichd manufacture a thick mucus layer known as
visible mucus. Which is a gel-like substance and adheres to the lining of the
stomach and protects it from auto-digestion.
2. Lamina propria: & 6.
&
The loose, highly vascularized connective tissue, the lamina propria, has a
rich population of plasma cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts.
1I & I
Submucosa:
The dense, irregular collagenous connective tissue. containing large blood vessels
and nerves.
Muscularis externa:
Exhibits three muscle layers instead of the two that are normally seen in the
esophagus and small intestine.
1-Inner oblique. 2-Middle circular. 3-Outer longitudinal.
Serosa:
The outer layer of the stomach is covered by the serosa or visceral peritoneum.
composed of a thin, loose connective tissue and mesothelial cells.

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