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Top-Down Network Design: Chapter Three

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37 views20 pages

Top-Down Network Design: Chapter Three

Netflix oo

Uploaded by

Abduh Mosleh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Top-Down Network Design

Chapter Three
Characterizing the Existing Internetwork

Copyright 2004 Cisco Press & Priscilla Oppenheimer


Where Are We?

• Characterize the exiting internetwork in


terms of:
– Its infrastructure
• Logical structure (modularity, hierarchy, topology)
• Physical structure
– Addressing and naming
– Wiring and media
Get a Network Map
Medford Roseburg
Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet
50 users 30 users
Frame Relay Frame Relay
CIR = 56 Kbps CIR = 56 Kbps
DLCI = 5 DLCI = 4

Gigabit Grants Pass


HQ
Ethernet 16 Mbps
Grants Pass Token Ring
HQ
Fast Ethernet
75 users
FEP
(Front End
Processor)

IBM
Mainframe
T1

Web/FTP server
Eugene
Ethernet T1 Internet
20 users
Characterize Addressing and
Naming
• IP addressing for major devices, client
networks, server networks, and so on
• Any addressing oddities, such as
discontiguous subnets?
• Any strategies for addressing and naming?
– For example, sites may be named using airport
codes
• San Francisco = SFO, Oakland = OAK
Discontiguous Subnets

Area 0
Network
192.168.49.0

Router A Router B

Area 1 Area 2
Subnets 10.108.16.0 - Subnets 10.108.32.0 -
10.108.31.0 10.108.47.0
Characterize the Wiring and Media
• Single-mode fiber
• Multi-mode fiber
• Shielded twisted pair (STP) copper
• Unshielded-twisted-pair (UTP) copper
• Coaxial cable
• Microwave
• Laser
• Radio
• Infra-red
Campus Network Wiring
Horizontal Work-Area
Wiring Wiring

Wallplate
Telecommunications
Wiring Closet

Vertical
Wiring
(Building
Backbone)

Main Cross-Connect Room Intermediate Cross-Connect Room


(or Main Distribution Frame) (or Intermediate Distribution Frame)

Campus
Building A - Headquarters Backbone
Building B
Architectural Constraints

• Make sure the following are sufficient


– Air conditioning
– Heating
– Ventilation
– Power
– Protection from electromagnetic interference
– Doors that can lock
Architectural Constraints

• Make sure there’s space for:


– Cabling conduits
– Patch panels
– Equipment racks
– Work areas for technicians installing and
troubleshooting equipment
Issues for Wireless Installations

• Reflection
• Absorption
• Refraction
• Diffraction
Check the Health of the Existing
Internetwork
• Performance
• Availability
• Bandwidth utilization
• Accuracy
• Efficiency
• Response time
• Status of major routers, switches, and
firewalls
Characterize Availability

Date and Duration of Cause of Last


MTBF MTTR Last Major Major
Downtime Downtime

Enterprise
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment n
Network Utilization in Minute
Intervals
Network Utilization

16:40:00

16:43:00

16:46:00

16:49:00

16:52:00
Time

16:55:00 Series1

16:58:00

17:01:00

17:04:00

17:07:00

17:10:00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Utilization
Network Utilization in Hour
Intervals
Network Utilization

13:00:00

14:00:00
Time

15:00:00 Series1

16:00:00

17:00:00

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5


Utilization
Bandwidth Utilization by
Protocol
Relative Absolute Multicast
Broadcast
Network Network Rate
Rate
Utilization Utilization

Protocol 1
Protocol 2
Protocol 3
Protocol n
Characterize Packet Sizes
Characterize Response Time

Node A Node B Node C Node D

X
Node A
Node B
X
Node C
Node D X

X
Check the Status of Major
Routers, Switches, and Firewalls

• show buffers
• show environment
• show interfaces
• show memory
• show processes
• show running-config
• show version
Tools
• Protocol analyzers
• Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG)
• Remote monitoring (RMON) probes
• Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
• Cisco IOS NetFlow technology
• CiscoWorks
• Cisco IOS Service Assurance Agent (SAA)
• Cisco Internetwork Performance Monitor (IPM)
Summary

• Characterize the exiting internetwork before


designing enhancements
• Helps you verify that a customer’s design
goals are realistic
• Helps you locate where new equipment will
go
• Helps you cover yourself if the new network
has problems due to unresolved problems in
the old network

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