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SOLUTIONS 2 Qs

This document contains solutions to 8 questions regarding lateral earth pressure. The questions cover topics such as calculating lateral thrust for dry and saturated backfill, determining active and passive pressures using Rankine's theory, and calculating total active thrust and point of application for walls with surcharge loading.

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31 views6 pages

SOLUTIONS 2 Qs

This document contains solutions to 8 questions regarding lateral earth pressure. The questions cover topics such as calculating lateral thrust for dry and saturated backfill, determining active and passive pressures using Rankine's theory, and calculating total active thrust and point of application for walls with surcharge loading.

Uploaded by

skwabenaotoobosu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLUTIONS

LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE

QUESTION 1.

a) Dry backfill

ɸ = 300, H = 6m

K0 = 1 – Sin ɸ = 1 – Sin (30) = 0.5

Also, K0 = 0.5 for medium dense sand

σ0 = K0γH = 0.5 Χ 16.3 Χ 6

σ0 = 48.6 KN/m2

Thrust per meter length of the wall = 48.6 Χ ½ Χ 6 = 145.8 KN/m2

b). Water level at the top of the wall

The total lateral thrust is the sum of effective and neutral lateral thrusts.

Effective lateral earth thrust, P0 = ½ K0γH2 = ½ Χ 10 Χ 6 Χ 6 = 90 KN/m.run

Neutral lateral pressure, Pw = ½γH2 = ½ Χ 10 Χ 6 Χ6 = 180 KN/m.run

Total lateral thrust = 270 KN/m.run

Increase in thrust = 124.2 KN/m.run

This represents an increase of about 85.2% over that of dry fill.

QUESTION 2.

H = 3m, ɸ = 350, γ = 20KN/m2

Limiting values of lateral earth pressure

Active Pressure, Ka = (1- Sin ɸ) / (1+ Sin ɸ) = (1- Sin (35)) / (1+ Sin (35)) = Ka γ H

Ka = 0.271 Χ 20 Χ 3 = 16.26 KN/m2


Passive Pressure, Kp = (1+ Sin ɸ) / (1- Sin ɸ) = (1+ Sin (35)) / (1- Sin (35)) = Kp γ H

Kp = 3.69 Χ 20 Χ 3 = 221.4 KN/m2

Total active thrust per meter run of the wall

Pa = ½ Ka γ H2 = ½ Χ 20 Χ 32 Χ 16.26 = 1463.4 KN

Total passive resistance per meter run of the wall

Pp = ½ Kp γ H2 = ½ Χ 20 Χ 32 Χ 221.4 = 19926 KN

QUESTION 3

H =6.3m, ɸ = 180, γ = 18 KN/m2

q = 4.5 KN/m2

Ka = (1- Sin ɸ) / (1+ Sin ɸ) = (1- Sin (18)) / (1+ Sin (18)) = 0.528

Active pressure due to weight of soil at the base of wall = Ka γ H

= 0.528 Χ 18 Χ 6.3

= 59.9 KN/m2

Active pressure due to uniform m surcharge = Ka q = 0.528 Χ 4.5 = 2.38 KN/m2

Total active thrust per lineal metre of wall,

Pa = Area of pressure distribution diagram = ½ Ka γ H + Ka qH

Pa = (½ Χ 59.9 Χ 6.3) + (2.38 Χ 6.3) = 203.68kN

The height of its point of application above the base may be obtained by taking moments:

Z = (188.7 Χ 1/3 Χ 6.3 + 149.9 Χ ½ Χ 6.3) / 338.6 = 2.56m


QUESTION 4

H = 7.2 m,  = 9°, γ = 27° , ɸ = 20 kN/m3

According to Rankine’s theory,

Ka = cos((cos -  cos2 - cos2ɸ) / (cos +  cos2 - cos2ɸ))

= cos 9ᵒ ((cos 9ᵒ -  cos2 9ᵒ - cos2 27ᵒ) / (cos 9ᵒ +  cos2 9ᵒ - cos2 27ᵒ))

= 0.988 Χ 0.397 = 0.392

Kp = cos((cos +  cos2 - cos2ɸ) / (cos -  cos2 - cos2ɸ))

= 0.899 Χ 1/ 0.397 = 2.488

Total active thrust per metre run of the wall

Pa = ½ γ H2 Ka = ½ Χ 20 Χ (7.2)2 Χ 0.392 = 208.2KN

Total active thrust per metre run of the wall

Pp = ½ γ H2 Kp = ½ Χ 20 Χ (7.2)2 Χ 2.488 = 1289.8KN

The pressure is considered to act parallel to the surface of the backfill soil and the distribution in
triangular for both cases. This resultant thrust thus acts at s height of (1/3)H OR 2.4m above the
base at 9ᵒ to horizontal.

QUESTION 5

H = 6 m, γ = 20°, ɸ = 20 kN/m3, q = 50 kPa


Ka = (1- Sin ɸ) / (1+ Sin ɸ) = (1- Sin (20)) / (1+ Sin (20)) = 0.49

Pa = Ka γ H = 0.49 Χ 20 Χ 6 = 58.8 KN/m2

Since soil surface behind wall is horizontal,

Pq = Ka q = 0.49 Χ 50 = 24.5 kPa

Total thrust = Area of pressure diagram = Pa + Pq = (1/2 Χ 58.8 Χ 6) + (24.5 Χ 6)

= 176.4 + 147 = 323.4 KN

The point of application of this thrust is obtained by taking moments of forces about
the base of the wall.

323.4 Χ h = 147 Χ 3 + 176.4 Χ 6/3

h = 793.8 / 323.4 = 2.45m

Resultant thrust acts at 2.45 m above base of wall.

QUESTION 6

H = 6 m, γ = 20 kN/m3°, ɸ = 36°, q = 10 kPa

Ka = (1- Sin ɸ) / (1+ Sin ɸ) = (1- Sin (36)) / (1+ Sin (36)) = 0.26

Pa = Ka γ H = 0.26 Χ 20 Χ 6 = 31.2 KN/m2

Without the uniform surcharge

= ½ Χ 31.2 Χ 6 = 93.6 kPa

Since soil surface behind wall is horizontal,

Pq = Ka q = 0.26 Χ 10 = 2.6 kPa

Total thrust = Area of pressure diagram = Pa + Pq = (1/2 Χ 31.2 Χ 6) + (2.6 Χ 6)


= 109.2 KN

QUESTION 7

Active pressure coefficient of Rankine for inclined surcharge:

Kai = cos ((cos -  cos2 - cos2ɸ) / (cos +  cos2 - cos2ɸ))

when  = 0° for horizontal surface of the backfill,

Ka = (1- Sin ɸ) / (1+ Sin ɸ)

Kai for  = 20° and ɸ = 35° is given by

Kai = cos 20° ((cos 20° -  cos2 20° - cos235°) / (cos 20° +  cos220° - cos235°))

Kai = 0.322

Ka for  = 0° and ɸ = 35° is given by

Ka = (1- Sin 35°) / (1+ Sin 35°) = 0.271

Percentage error in the computed active thrust by assuming a level fill when it is actually
inclined at 20° to horizontal

= ((0.322 – 0.271) / (0.322)) Χ 100 = 15.84%

The thrust is underestimated by assuming a level fill, obviously.

QUESTION 8

Ka for top layer = (1- Sin 30°) / (1+ Sin 30°) = 1/3

Ka for bottom layer = (1- Sin 20°) / (1+ Sin 20°) = 0.49

Active pressure at 3 m depth – considering first layer


Ka1 = 1/3 Χ 3 Χ 18 = 18 kN/m2

Active pressure at 3 m depth – considering second layer

Ka2 = 0.49 Χ 3 Χ 18 = 26.46 kN/m2

Active pressure at the base of the wall

(Ka2 Χ 3 Χ 18) + (Ka2 Χ 4.5 Χ 24) = 26.46 + 0.49 Χ 4.5 Χ 24 = 79.38 kN/m2

Total active thrust, Pa, per metre run of the wall


= Area of the pressure distribution diagram

= (1/2 Χ 3 Χ 18) + (4.5 Χ 26.46) + (1/2 Χ 4.5 Χ 52.92)

= 27 + 119.07 + 119.07

= 265.14KN

The height of the point of application of this thrust above the base of the wall is obtained
by taking moments, as usual.

Z = (27 Χ 5.5 + 119.07 Χ 2.25 + 119.07 Χ 1.5) / 265.14 = 2.244m

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