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Chapter 2 Introduction To Engineering Calculations 1 Fall22

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Chapter 2 Introduction To Engineering Calculations 1 Fall22

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Principles of Chemical

Engineering I

Lecturer name : Dr.Saravana


Room No. : B112
Email : [email protected]
Principles of Chemical Engineering I
Course Title Principles of Chem Eng.
Course Code ENCH2101
Semester Fall22 - AY 2022-2023
Pre - Requisite ENDR1101
Co – Requisite Nil
Type of Course Mandatory
Language of Instruction English
Credit Hours 2 (2 Lecture/2 Tutorial)
W Date Chap. Subjects Tests
1 2 Introduction to Engineering Calculations
2 2 Introduction to Engineering Calculations
3 3 Processes & Process Variables
4 3 Processes & Process Variables Quiz1
5 3 Processes & Process Variables
6 4 Fundamentals of Material Balances Test 1
7 4 Fundamentals of Material Balances
8 4 Fundamentals of Material Balances
9 4 Fundamentals of Material Balances Quiz2
10 4 Fundamentals of Material Balances
11 4 Fundamentals of Material Balances
12 5 Single-Phase Systems Test 2
13 5 Single-Phase Systems
14 5 Single-Phase Systems
15 Review and discussion
Textbooks:Textbooks:
R. Felder and R. Rousseau, “Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes”, 3rd update edition,
John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
Reference Books:
D. Himmelblau, “Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering”, 7th edition,
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2004.
R. Murphy, “Introduction to Chemical Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis”, McGraw-Hil
2005
Course Assessment
Assessment Weight
Assignments
Quizzes
60%
Midterm Test
Project
Final Exam: 40%
CHAPTER 2
Introduction to Engineering
Calculations
Course Learning Objectives
• Prepare students to formulate and solve material balance problems
on chemical process systems
• Introduce students to fundamental concepts needed for subsequent
courses in thermodynamics, heat transfer, unit operations, and
reaction engineering.
• Introduce students to the engineering approach of problem solving
and obtaining solution using appropriate computational methods
Course Learning Outcomes
Unit conversion and dimensional consistency, identification of the unit systems.

Understand the meaning of some common terms used in chemical engineering.

Set up material balance equations and solve for unknown variables.


Perform degree of freedom analysis for single and multiple unit processes.

Perform material balance calculations on single and multiple unit processes. And
for seedy and non-steady state processes
Perform calculations using Ideal Gas Law and equations of state
Use excel to solve material balance problems
Use the library and equations to find physical and chemical properties

Through group assignments, student will show ability to effectively work on


teams
Communicate technical results effectively in written and oral forms
Units and Dimensions
• Dimensions are our basic concepts of measurement such as length,
time, mass, temperature, and so on. A dimension is a property
that can be measured, such as length, time, mass, or
temperature, or calculated by multiplying or dividing other
dimensions, such as length/time (velocity), length3 (volume), or
mass/length3 (density).
• Units are the means of expressing the dimension such as feet or
centimetres for length and seconds or hours for time. Units can be
treated like algebraic variables when quantities are added,
subtracted, multiplied, or divided.
Different SYSTEM of UNITS

Base Units
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length meter (SI) m
Centimeter (CGS) cm
Mass kilogram (SI) kg
gram (CGS) g
Moles gram-mole mol or g-mole
Time second s
Temperature kelvin K
System of Units
• Dimensions and their respective units are classified as:
• Base units for mass, length, time, temperature, electrical
current, and light intensity
• Derived units are those that can be developed in terms of the
fundamental dimensions /units.
• Multiple units, which are defined as multiples or fractions of
base units such as minutes, hours, and milliseconds, all of
which are defined in terms of the base unit of a second.
Derived & Multiple Units Examples
Quantity Unit Symbol Equivalent in term of base units

3
Volume Liter L 0.001 m
2
Force (SI) N 1 kg.m/s
2
Dyne (CGS) 1 g.cm/s

2
Pressure Pascal (SI) Pa 1 N/m

Energy, work joule (SI) J 1 N.m = 1 kg.m /s


2 2

erg (CGS) 2 2
1 dyne.cm = 4.184 kg.m /s
gram-calorie 2 2
4.184 J= 1 kg.m /s
2 3
Power watt W 1 J/s = 1 kg.m /s

Multiple Unit Preferences


tera (T)= 1012 giga (G)= 109 mega (M)= 106
kilo (k)= 103 centi (c)= 10-2 mili (m)= 10-3
micro (μ)= 10-6 nano (n)= 10-9
Operations with Units
1. Addition, Subtraction, Equality
• You can add, subtract, or equate numerical quantities only if the
associated units of the quantities are the same. Thus, the
operation
• 5 kilograms + 3 joules → cannot be carried out
• 10 pounds + 5 grams → can be performed only after the units are
transformed to be the same.

Multiplication and division can be done on quantities with unlike units but the units can only be cancelled
or merged if they are identical.
5 kilograms x 3 meters = 15 kg-m
3 m2 /60 cm = 0.05 m2 /cm
3 m2/0.6 m = 5 m2 /m = 5 m
2. Multiplication and Division
You can multiply or divide unlike units at will such 50(kg)(m)/(s)
but you cannot cancel or merge units unless they are identical.
EXAMPLE: Add the following:
(a) 1 foot + 3 seconds
(b) (b) 1horse power + 300 watts
(c) 3 m2/60 cm can converted to 3 m2/0.6 m, and then to 5 m, but
m/s2, the units cannotValues
cancelled or combined.
could be added if UNITS are the same.
Values cannot be added if DIMENSIONS are different
Problems
• Add 1 cm and I m.
• Subtract 3 ft from 4 yards.
• Divide 3 m1.5 by 2 m0.5
• Multiply 2 h by 4 lb.
6 ft + 10 0C =???
* Different dimensions: length, temperature -- cannot be added
1.3 Conversion of Units and Conversion Factors

Example: If a plane travels at twice the speed of sound (assume


that the speed of sound is1100 ft/s), how fast is it going in miles
per hour? Solution:
• Convert an acceleration of 1 cm/s2 to its equivalent in km/yr2

Convert 400 in3/day to cm3/min. (Answer: 4.56 cm3/min)


• Any pressure above atmosphere is called gauge pressure (psig)
• Any pressure below atmosphere is a vacuum (negative gauge pressure)
• Absolute pressure (psia) is measured from a perfect vacuum
Questions
The thermal conductivity of an insulating brick is 0.15 Btu/(ft h °F).
Express the thermal conductivity in SI units.
The mass velocity of a gas through a duct is 1000 kg/m2 h. Express the
velocity into lb/ft2 s.
Convert 1 bar into equivalent kgf/cm2 and psi.

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