03 TRIBHUVAN I,JNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
* Examination Control Division
2075 Bhadra

_ t.bj_u_'!, _: _p"t_o_!_tlilitf e$ !lgl':Li gt_ AyJ !2

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt AII guestions.
{ The fgures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
,/ Necessary tables are attaghed herewith.
r' Assume suitoble data'if necessary.

l. What is box plot and what does it measure? Describe the features that a box plot displays. [3+3]
2. State Baye's theorern. A Geologist classified 2015 Nepal earthquake according to
intensity as; light, moderate and high. According to geologist, 90% of earthquakes are of
Iight, 9Yo of moderate and 2o/o of high intensity. An Engineer did post earthquake
assessment in Sindhupalchok and found that IYo of damages were done by ligbt, l0% by
moderate and 80ol by high-intensity earthquakes. During assessment and Engineer
randomly selected a household. U+4J
a) What is the probability that the house is damaged?
b) If the house is damaged, what is the probability that it's due to moderate earttrquake?
3. What are the difference and sinnilarities between Binomial and Hypergeometric
Probability distribution? 13+21

4. Multiple-choice test consists of l0 questions and 4 answer to each question. If each

question is answered by shuffling 4 tags tabled l, 2,3 and 4 drawing one making the
alternative whose number is drawn. Find the probability of (i) getting 3 (ir) at least one
(iii) at least 7 (iv) at most three of these questions answered correctly. tsl
5. Score of 9000 candidates of IOE entrance examination is normally distributed with
average score 50 and standard deviation of 20 t5l
a) Find the value of score exceeded by top 900 candidates
b) Find the nurnber of candidate who secured at least 90
6. The mean elongation of steel bar under a particular tensile load has been established to be
normally distribution with parameters p = 0.06 and o = 0.008. Assuming the sarne
distribution applies to new bar, find the probability that the mean elongation falls t5l
i) Above 0.08
ii) Between 0.05 and 0.07
iii) Either below 0.045 or above 0.065
OR
The distribution of amount of the gravel (in ton) sold by particular construction supply
company in a given week is continuous random variable X with the probability density
function.

[/r\l(x'+l)
. = llf " for o(x<1
f(x) l\r,,
|.0 otherwise

a) Find the cumulative distribution function of sales.

b) What is the expected value and variance of sales?
 7. Define the following terms:
t6l
i) Parameter
ii) Statistics
iii) Sampling distribution of statistic
iv) Standard error of statistic
8. A population consists of the fournumbers 5,6,9,12.
l6l
i) write dor+'n all possible sample size of two without replacement.
1t
ii) verify that the population mean is equal to the mean oi sample
mean.
iii) Calculate the standard error ofthe sampling distribution of tire sample mean.
9' In 39 soil samples tested for trace elements, the average amount of
copper was found to
be 22 milligrams, with a standard deviation of + *iitigtu-r.
Find a 90% confidence
interval for the true mean copper content in the soils dom which
these samptes were
taken.
t4l
10. An experiment was conducted to compare three methods of packaging a
certain frozen
food' The criterion was the ascorbic acid content (mg/100 g*) *o a specific period of
time. The followine
wr data were o btained
Packaging t6l
Method
A t4.29 19.10 19.09 16.2s r5.09 16.61 19.63
B 20.06 20.64 18.00 19.s6 19.47 19.07 18.38
c 20.04 26.23 22.74 24.04 23.37 25.02 23.27
Do these data provide suffrcient evidence at the 0.01 level of significance
to indicate a
difference in packaging methods?
1l ' Describe the types of errors in hypothesis testing. Write the procedure
of testing of
hlpothesis of difference two population proportions.
tsl
12' Define chi-square distribution. From the following data can you
conclude that there 1S
association between the purchase of brand and geographical region? (Use
significance)
5% level of
tsl
Resion
Central Iffi
Purchase brand 40 55 45
Do not purchase brand 60 45 55
13. What does a regression coefficient measure? Mention its important properties.
t4t
14' Following data give experience (nearest year), performance
rating and salary of eight
engineers.
[4+l J
Experience (year) l6 t2 l8 4 3 10 5 12
Performance ratinq 87 88 89 68 78 80 75 83
$q&qy ('000) 100 t25 120 100 120 110 90 r25
a) Find Possible multiple correlation coefficient and interpret the result.

P [c'.
 15. The alternating current (Ac) breakdown voltage of an rls3lating
liquif -indicates its
Voltage Testing
dielectric strenlgth. The article "Testing Practic"r for the AC Breakdown
"'r of lnsulatiol iiqoidr" (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1995: 2l'26) gave the
accompanying sample observation on breakdown voltage
(kV) of a particular ciicuit
t8l
under certain conditions.
62 64 46 s7
50 62 55 5s
53 50 53 53
s7 68 54 59
4T 54 52 53
s3 55 47 52
55 57 47 50
61 50 )) 55
59 55 57' 60
64 50 48 50
50 56 63 s6
53 55 57 58

a) data and comment on features'

b) CI for tnl" uu-ttuge break
?5t/"
iselY estimated? ExPlain
{.**
t,rl

O4 TRIBHUVAN TINIVERSTTY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE FuIl Marks 80
BCE, BME,
Examination Control Division Programme
BIE, BAM
Pass lHarks 32

2075 Baisakh Year lPmt u/u Time 3 hrs.

Subjeet: - Probability and Statistics (SHss2)

r' Candidates are rgquired to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt A4 questions-
'/ The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
./ Necessar:y tables are attached herewith.
,/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. What are the merits and demerits of mean? The expenditure of I000 families is given as below:
Expenditure 40-59 60-79 80-99 100-l t9 r 20-139
No. of families 50 s00 50

lf the median of frequency distribution is 87, find the missing frequencies. t6l
2. Define addition theorem of probability, tn a group of equal number of men and women.ZAVo of men and
30% of women are unemployed. tf a person selectedin random,
i) What is the probability that the selected persorr is an employed?
ii) What is the probability that the selected person is rnen emploved'7 t6l
3 Define Binomial probabiliry distribution with an example. How does the negarive binornial distribution
differ from binomial distribution? []+iJ
4, In a ceftain factory turning out optical lenses, there is a small chance, l/500 for any lens to be defective,
The lenses are supplied in packets of l0 each. What is the probability that a packet will conrain
(i) no defective lens
(ii) at least one defective lenses.
(iii) at most two defective lenses t5j
5. Define the normal distribution. Give the condition for normal approximation of binomial distribution.
[2+]l
6 The ntean elongation of steel bar undera particulartensile load ha.s been established to he normall.v-
distribution with parameters p = 0.06 and o = 0.008. Assuming the saine distribution applies to new bar.
find the probability that the mean elongation falls
(a) Above 0.08
(b) Between 0.05 and 0.07
tsl
(c) Either below 0.045 or above 0.065
OR
The distribution of amount of the gravel (in ton) sold by a particular construction supply company in a
given week is continuous random variable X with the probability density function.

(*)=t{(i)ct' +t) for o <x < 1

t 0 }therwise
(a) Find the cumulative distribution function of sales.
(b) What is the expected value and variance of sales? ts]
'll
7. Define sampling distribution of proportion with example. t4l
8. A population consists of the four numbers 12, 13, 14. | 5. t6l
(i) Write down all possible sample size of two without replacement.
(ii) Verifythat the population mean is equal to the m€an of the sample mean.
(iii) Calculate the standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
9. Write down the properties of regression coefficient and corretation coefficient.
lsl
10. The following data gives tre experience of machine operators in years and their performalce as given by
the number of good parts tumed out per 100 pieces.
Experience (X) t6 t2 l8 4 3 r0 5 t2
Performance (Y) 87 88 89 68 78 80 75 83
i) Fit the regression equation of performance ratings on experience and estimate the probable
performance if an operator has 8 years experience.
ii) Calculate coefficient of determination and interpret it.
t5l
OR
A sample of l0 values of three variables Xr, Xr and X3 rvere obtained as
IXr=10 I Xr= 20 IXr=30
f Xr'= 20 I Xr'= 68 f Xr' = 170
IXrXr=10 I X' Xr= 15 IXzXr=64
Find ( i) Partial correlation between Xr and X3 eliminating the effect of X2 .

(ii) Multiple conelation

betrveen X1, X2 and Xr assuming X; as dependent.
tsl
I l.
A company produces automobile'tyres, the rnanager of the company want to estimate the limits in which
expected trend life of his tyres will probably lie. A test sample of 64 tyres was taken and a test run
showed the average trend life of 50000 miles. Find the 950/o ud 99% eonfidence limits for population
mean. civen that population standard deviation is 3000 miles.
t4l
12. The following data represents the units of production per day turned out by three differenr brands of
machines used by three mechanists:

Machines Production
I t5 l4 t9 t8
2 t7 t2 20 t6
3 t6 r6 t8 T7
Using ANOVA test whetlrer the differences in performances of the three brands of machines are
significant. Use a= SYo t6]
oR'
A sample of l5 beams of a grand complex are given below in feet,.

t2.8 9.8 t0.2 t0.0 12.0

r0.5 8.9 t2.2 r0.8 9.0
n.2 t2.l l0. r 8.8 t0,6
A civilengineerclaimed that volumero@r than l0 feeC, test whether his claim is right or
wrong.(Usec=l%a\
t6l
13. Define critical value and critical region. A manufacturer claimed that at least gS% ol the pumps
supplied
to the ndC company confirrned to specifications. However. the production manager at ABC compan.v
wasn't satisfied with the claim of the manufacturer. Hence . to test the claim. the manager exanrined a
sample of 250 pumps supplied last month and found that 228 pumps as per the speciticariols. Can
.r.tru
conclude that the production manager is right to doubt on the claim of the manuflacturer? (n=0.0t) t5l

( P,r'o )
h

14. Define chi-square distribution. A sarnple of 500 workers of a factory according to gender and nature of
work is as follow: t5l
Gender
Nature of work
Male Female
Technical 200 100
Non-technisal 50 rs0
of work'
Tesr at levelof significance whether there exist any relationship between gender and nature
5yo

15. The heights of male and female students are given below:
t8l
Sex of the person
Height Fernale
Male
145-150 0 3

I s0-l 5s 2 8
r55-t 60 6 r5
160-l 65 t7 l2
l 65-l 70 2l 4
t70-175 l0 0

I 75-l 80 2 0
t80-185 2 0

a) calculate mean height for male and female students

b) Calculate sample standard deviation and sample variance for given data.
c) Which data for height is consistent?
{c *+
t TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGTNEERING
Examination Control Division
2074 Bhadra

Subject: ; Proplbility and Sratistics (SHs52)

,/ Candidates are required to giu. their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
,/ Attempt AII questions.
r' Thefigures in the margin indicate IulI Marks.

l. What are the merits and demerits of mean? The expenditure of 1000 families
is given as
below:
Expenditure 40-s9 60-79 80-99 100-1 19 120-t39
No. of families 50 500 s0
If the median of frequency distribution is 87, find the missing frequencies.
l6l
2. Define conditional probability. Two sets of candidates are competing
for the positions on
the Board of Directors of a company. The probability that ths first
and second sets will
win are 0.6 and 0-4 respectively. If the firstiet wins ihe probability of introducing
a new
product is 0.8 and the corresponding probability if the second
set wins is 0.3. What is the
probability that the product will be introduced?
t6l
3. Define hypergeometric distribution with an example. Describe the conditions
for the
binomial approximation to hypergeometric distributi on?
[2+3]
4. An office switchboard receives telephone calls at a rate of 3 calls per minute
on an
average- Find the probability of receiving (i) no calls in one minute
interval;
(ii) at least 3 calls in an one minute interval;
(iii)at most 2 calls in a five minureinterval t5]
The mean elongation of steel bar under a particular tensile load
has been established to be
normally distribution with parameters p : 0.06 and o : 0.008. assuming the
same
distribution applies to new bar, find the probability thar the mean elongation
falls
a) Above 0.08
b) Between 0.05 and 0.07
c) Either below 0.M5 or above 0.065
t5l
OR
The distribution of amount of the gravel (in ton) sold by a particular
construction supply
company in a given week is continuous random variable X with
the probability density
function.

0sx<l
Otherwise
a) Find the cumulative distribution function of sales.
b) what is the expected value and variance of sales?
t5l
I 6. The amount of distilled water dispensed by a certain machine is normally distributed with
mean value 64 oz and standard deviation 0.78 oz, What container sizi will ensure
that
overflow occurs only 0.5% of the time?
l4l
7. Define parameter and statistic with examples.
I4l
8. A population consists of the four numbers 5, 6.,9,12.
t6l
a) Write down all possible sample size of two without replacement.
b) Verify that the population mean is equal to the mean of the sample mean.
c) Calculate the standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
9- Define correlation and regression with examples. Write down the properties of correlation
coeffrcient and regression coeffi cient.
t5l
10. The following data gives the experience of machine operators in years and their
performance as given by the number of good parts tumed ouf p.. 100 pieces.
Experiende (X) t6 t2 l8 4 3 r0 5 t2
Performance (Y) 87 88 89 68 78 80 75 83
a) Fit the regression equation of performance ratings on experience and estimate the
probable performance if an operator has g years experience.-
t5I
I l. Describe the procedure of the test of significance of difference of two means for small
sarnple.
t5l
12. Shyam and Co. produces three varieties of products: deluxe, fine and ordinary. A recent
market survey is conducted for preference of products. The preference
was found as
follow:
Product Production
Deluxe l5 l4 l9 l8
Fine t7 t2 20 t6
Ordinary l6 r8 t6 t7
Is there a significant difference in the preference of products using ANOVA test.
Use
a":5o/o.
t6I
13' er claimed that at Ieast 95% of the pumps
to specifications. However, the production
with the claim of the manufacturer. Hence, to
mple of 250 pumps supplied last month and
found that 228 pumps as per the specifications. Can you that the production
"orr"tua"
manager is right to doubt on the claim of the manufacturer? (cr :0.01)
tsl
14' Define chi-square distribution. Frorn the following data can you conclude
that there is
association between the purchasc of brand and geographical region? (Use 5% level of
significance)
tsl

?^F (, ->
'.*
(kg/hectare) are
15. As partof a study monitoring acid rain, measurements of sulfate deposits
results are listed in the
recorded for different locations on the Eastern Terai of Nepal. The
following table for 15 recent and consecutive yeals:
Acid Rain: Sulfate ted l8I
Year, Location I (x) Location 2 (v') Location 3 (z)
I 11.94 13.09 7.96
2 11.28 r0.88 r2.84
3 10.38 12.19 7.38
4 8:00 10.75 7.26
5 .12.12 , 17.21 r0.12
6 r0.27 10.26 8.89
7 14.80 15.49 11.60
8 13.52 I l.6l 9.02
9 10.55 10.53 7.78
10 9.81 12.50 ' 8.70
1l rt:27 9.94 10.50
12 12.12 rl.7l e.95
t3 I 1.68 9.71 15.s9
t4 11.77 9.37 10.54
l5 t7.29 13.87 t3.64
variation for Sulfate
a) Find sample mean, sample standard deviation and coefficient of
deposits of each location.

b) Giveyour conclusion about variability and uniformity from the analysis-

{'**
t
: : ,,i:',i ,t.

Appendix A 737

I 0.001 0.004 0.016 2.706 3.847 5.424 6.635 7.879

2 o.olo o.ozo 0:051 0.:103 ,0.2'1,:I 4605 5.99r , i,:n& ;a ,,,,9;2,10 .10.59?,
3 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.s84 6.251 7.81s 9.348 11.345 12.838
't' -4 0i2w u29? 0;484 O.7I1 1.064 vfflg .g:4gs: rr i:i'i,:143 ,: ; 1 la*60
5 0-412 0.-ss4 0.8-31 1.145 1.610 9.236 11071 12.833 15.086 16.?s0
6 0,676 0.872 1.23't 7.:635 2.N4 10.645 rZ.5;92' .t4,.449 . t0'gfZ '18.548
7 0.989 r.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 't2.017 74.M7 16.013 18.475 20.278
I r.344 1,646 2.180 ?,733 3.490 7 iS,SOz .l?j535 :ifiiioeo 2t.9ss
I3;3i,
9 r.735 2.088 2.740 3.325 4.168 r4.6U 16.919 19.023 2t.666 23.589
l0 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.94A 4865 tr5,987 , 1&30-7 " ,j.gii4gl,, ,:,'\232'', .25.188
1:

11 2.603 3.053 3-816 4.s7s 5.s78 1727s 19.675 21.yZO 24.725 26.757
:L2 3.074 3.571 4.4U 5.226 6;304 f.&549 ,;11;Wi : 23.337 ,ie;Zll 28.299
l3 3.565 4.107 s.009 5.892 7.042 19.812 22.362 24.736 n.688 29.819
'74 4.075 4.660 s.62.9 6.571 7JgD '21:064 r23.695i' 26719 29-147 3I.319
15 4.601 5.229 6_262 7.261 8.547 22.3W 24.996 n.488 30.578 32.801
16 s.r42 5.812 6,908 7.962 9.312 23542 26,.296 28.845 32000 34.267
77 5.697 6.408 7s& 8.672 10.085 24.769 n.5s7 30.191 33.409 35.718
18 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 10:865 25,;fi39. 281869,' | 31i526., 34.805 37.1s;6
L9 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 11.651 27.204 30.144 32.85? 36.191 38.582
20 7.434 8.260 9.591 t0,851 ,t2.443 28:412: 31.4.19 . r' 34:J.70 , ,, 37.t566 3g.gg7
21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 13.240 29.615 32.671 35.479 38.932 41.40r
22 8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 14,042 30.813 33.92.4 36,7.Er 40.289 42.796
23 9.2(fr 10.t96 11.689 13.091 14.848 32.007 35.172 38.076 41.638 ,14-181
24 9-886 10.8s6 t2.401 13.848 15.659 33.19t6 36;415 3g.364: ,,'42:gg} 45,559
?5 10.520 tt.s24 1,3.120 14.611 16.4?3 34.382 37.6s2 40.U6 44.314 46.928
26 lt_160 12.198 r?.844 15,379 77.29? 35.563 38.€8s 4I!923; 45,64? , 48290
n 11.808 t?.879 14.s73 16.15r 18.l14 36.741 40.113 43.794 46.963 49.@5
28 1246l 13:565 1'5-,309 16:828 18.939 37;916,' t,4I:i3Vi!' t++i4e,l'' ' 48,2118,,,1;lr: ,50o
29 t3.12r t4.257 rc.0n r7.708 !.9.?6S 39.0S7 42.55,1 4s.722 49._s88 52.336
30 13.v87 14.954 16.79L 18.493 20.599 40,256 , 43.,773 4;6.979 50:892' i 5J,672
40 2Q.707 22.164 24.433 26.sO9 29.1J51 51.805 55.758 59.342 63.691 66.766
50 27.99r 29;tO7 32357 34.764 37.689 63.167 '
67.505 . :n.42O,' 76i154 . '79.490
60 35.534 37.485 40.44 43.188 46.459 74.397 79.092 83.298 88.379 9r9s2
70 $.n5 45_442 4Bts8 51.739 5s.329 85.527 90,531' ' 95.0?3' r100j425' IO4.2l5
80 5l.L7Z 53.s40 s7.153 60.391 64.278 96.s78 r01.879 106.629 1t2.329 176.32r
59.196 ,6s.647 107.56,s, '113.14s, '.!28299
90 6'1.754 69,.126 1329L U8r136, ,i124.il16 .
100 67.328 70.065 74.222 77.929 82.358 118.498 124.342 129.561 135.807 140.169

From Donald B. Owcn, Handbo<tk of Srattstical Tables, @1962Acldison-Wesley Publishing Co.. Reading. MA. Reprinted with permis-
sion of the publisher.
Degrees ofFrecdom
ats I for confidence intervals or hypothesis tests with a standard deviation or variance
k-1 for multinomial experiments or goodness-of-fit with k categories
(r - l)(c - I ) for contingency tables with r rows and c columns
k- | for Kruskal-Wallis test with ft samples
An Addison-Wesley product. Copyright Qz004,Pearson Education, Inc.
 Examrnafion Uontrol Division I BrE j
2073 Magh l" --t
',i ___Faies!::l.r*r!:!tr g!9.$t{$i;
r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
as far as practicable.
r' Attempt Att qtestions.

1. wrne th€ srgnrficance drfference between measure of centrar tendency

and measure of
dlspersion.

In a study conducted by the Department of Mechanical Eryineering

at virylnla Tech, the steel
rods suppried bry two drffercnt companies were compared. Ten
sampre springs were made out of
the stcel rods supplied by each compdny, and a measure of flexibillty
was recorded.for each. The
data are as follows:
_ t3+31
.CompCny A: 9,i 8.s 6.8li.z 8.s 6.2 8,0 5.5 9.2 7.0

Company B:11.0 9.8 9.9 10,2 10.t 9.7 11,0 11.1 10.2 9,6

(a) carcurate the sampre mean and median for the data for
the two companies.
(b) Glculate the Sample standard deviation;"'
(cl Whlch company ls more consistence?

2. Deflne the Bay's rule of probability and its application in engiheering? tej
lf the probabllities are, rcspectivel% 0.09, 0,1S,0.21, and O.Z3 that pe6on .
N
(a) Verlfy that (x) is a denstty tunction.
(b) Flnd p (0< x( 1).

3' The weekly demand for a drinkinS-water product, ln thousands

of liters, from a local chain of
efficiency stores is a contrnuous random variabre x having the probabrtSty
density I5I

' 'fgst=Iltt--!)'I<r<?.
\- '
t0' ehestute'
Find prqbability that a) dernand wifl between 0.5 to 1.5 liter
b) average demand per week

4' Deflne the Hypergeornetric distribution, Discuss the condition of Hypergeometric

distribution.
tsl
'5. Durlng a laboratory experiment, the average number of radioactive particles passing
through a
counter in 1 millisecond is 4. what is the probability that 6 particles enter
the counter in a given
millisecond? '
i lsl
OR
ft is conjectured that an impurity exists in30%of atl drinking wells
in a certain rural
community. In order to gain some insight into the true extent of the problem,
it is determined
.ltisJoo expdnsive'totd'St iilt of theweiii in the area, so t0 are

(a| Using the binomial distribution, what is the probability

that exactly 3 wells have the impurity,
assuming that the conjecture'is correct?
(b) what is the probability that more than 3 welfs are impure?

t 7 .{,:':5
 \J
t '6. Write three important properties or Normal distribution.
A certai
lasts, on average,3.0 years with a standard
deviation of 0.5
norrnafly distributed, find the probability that given
year. ll'r" ,,
a battery wilt
tsl
7' write the difference between sample and population.
write three important of central limit
theorem.
8. Isl
- loped a new synthetic fishing line that the
of I'kiliigrams Wiih-i sfaiicai'd o"iviatioirj
of 0.s
rams against the alternative that p * g
kilograms
und to have a mean breaking stren4h of l.g
kilograms. [.tse a 0.01 levef of significance,
Ist
9 ' Distinguish between z- test and t-test
of hypothdsis for test of single population mean?
tsI
OR

Discuss errors of testing of hypothesis. write the procedure

of testing of single mean for smalf
sample.

10' At what condition pair test should be use. write

the procedure of testing of pair test.
tsl
11' A random sample of size nl= 25, taken from
a normal population w1h a standard deviation
5'2' has a mean = 81' A second randorn sampte o1=
of size n2 = 36,taken from a different norrnal
pofulation with a standard deviation o2
= 3.4,has a mean = 76. Test the hypothesis that p1
p2 against the arternativg p1 * =
rn, use 5 % level of significance
tst
t2. priva
of ne
ese
used ve
termi
OR
tsl
Thlee testing machines are used to determine the
breaking load in tension of wire which is
believed to be uniform. Nine pieces of wire are
cut off, one after another. They are numbered
consecutively, and three are assigned to each
machine using random numbers. Random
numbers are used afso to determine the order in
which spe-r"n, are tested on each machine.
The breaking loads (in Newtons) found on
each machine are shown in the tabfe below.

Machin L' 1570 1750 1680

Machin 2 1890 1860 2390
Machin 1 16/t0 7760 2020
Do the data Indicate (at the SZo level of
significance) that oneor two of the machines give
ftigher r6€trfiTgS'ffiiiii6freisi (wtue of F2,5 _- 5.t4JS)
13 ' The thrust of an engine (y) is a function
of exhaust temperature (x) in F when other important
varlables are herd constant. consider the
fortowing data.
Thrust
lsl
4300 4650 3200 31s0 4950 4010 3810 4500 3008
Temperature L76o 1652 1445 1390 1820 1665 1550 1700 1270

(a) Plot the data.

(b) Fira slmple linear regression to the.data
and plot the line through the data.
 .,,,,'n-:t' ,' \1
r14' ltistir€uish between correlation
b determination.
and regression. write importance of
coefficient of
tst
uo r+rr
.be quitC iurC thatTn-C
iiC ineviffiiiie]if;"e
rir*ian r^-- 31--
ia
^r+L^,:qgg.Eg,glillrnthl'
!':=.ry,9*er]rr!R:!n3t

WOUId not hava lnarrrilr aG+L- r-^r---r ar

e containe;il;=;ffiffffi. others
giffen hara
given tca ihaaa
here' Iuse c.\a-r- resutts
these sampte -^---r^ to construct'th.
il'.';il; i, rlilr,l,,*,l'tr#ill, rlJ
;;il;;ffi::ilHtlt?
ofs. ill ff,ilfir,
18l
3767 38613769 3772 3675 3861 3888 3819
37S8 38@ 3720 3748
3787 37533821 3811 3740 374r. 3839 34pl5 3351 g3g2 g23
3312 u52 3y,23

Using your calculator

a)
b) rd deviation
that the fluctuations are at an acceptabte
:l ---.:".,,6 ry:,:^rnyllggw
dl 1:,**
your conglusioR
rerrcr?

t**

.)
 04 TRIBH(JVAI'i tlNIVtrtlsllY
INS]'ITTJ-TE OF ENGIN EERIN G
",;l
Examination Control Division
2073 Bhadra

Subject. - Probability and Statistics (s!552)"

words as far as practicable'
candidates are required to give their answers in their own
{ Attempt 4!! q u e.s t i o ns -

,/ The -figures in thc margin

indicate
{
Assume suitable tiata if necessary'

limitation of diagrammatic
1
what are graph and diagrams? what are the importance and
and graphical represerrtaiion of statistic al data?
12+41

machine A' B and C

of probability. In a bolt Factory,
2. Define Axionratic approach
their output 1ol0, 2% afi l%
manufactur e 60nh.25ok and 15% respectiveiy. of the total
of
production and found to be
are defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the total
detbctive. From which machines the clefective bolt is expect
tohave been manufactured? t6l
How does it differ
What are the chief clraracteristics of Negatirre Binomial Distribution?
.|
J.
from Binomial Distribution?
[4+11

4. Define poisson distribution. A survey report shows

that the probability 0-001 that a 9ar
tlSt
will have a f'lat tyre while driving onti u certain bridge. What i': lht probability (it)
arnong 2000 cars driven over this f,ridge (i) not more than
one will have a flat t-vre;

than three will have a flat tyre; (iii) exactly 4 will have a flat tlire. t5]
more

5. A random variable X has the probabitity density function f(-x) as tsj

l;L
f(x) = {kxe 2-,for 0< x <oo
It o otherise

i) Fincl the value oiconstant k f (x) is probability density fgnction

ii) Find ttre distribrrtion iunction F(x)
iii) Also find the mean of random variable X
Define Normal distribution. Give the condition for normal approximation
to Binomial
6.
distribution with an examPle. ts]
of mean when: tsl
t. Define the standard error of mean. Write the expression for standard elror
i) Sarnple is drawn fiom iarge population
ii) Sampiing is done without replacement form a finite population
8. A population consists of the four numbers 12,1 3,1 4,1 5 ' tsl

i) Writc down all possibte sample size tvro without replacement'

ii) Verify that the sample mean is unbiased estimator fbr population mean.
iii) Calculate the standard error of mean'
What does the
9. Define the correlation coefficient and mention its important properties.
coefficient ol'determination rneasure? tsj

I
 10. Past experience shows the foliowing result of productivity per hectare with the respective
uses of chemical tertilizers and seeds. Fit the multiple linear regression equation of Y and
t Xl and X2 form the given data. t5l
Fertilizer kgs (Xl 45 30 lzo 75 55 80
Seeds kes (X2): ") I.8 3 2.5 2 )
2000 2100 i 1800 1900 2400 '25Lr0
ErqqEgq''Lv_\g'gI
OR

A sirnpiy supported beam carries a concentrated load X (Kg) at its mid point. The
following table gives maximum deflection Y (cm) corresponding to various value of X. tsl
X 100 120 i40 160 180 200
Y 0.45 0.5s | 0.60 0.70 | 0.80 0.85

Calculate the two regression equations and estimate the value of maximurn deflection
whenX: 170 kg.

I 1. Describe the procedure of the test of significance for paired t-test. tsl
12. Three training methods were compareci to see if they led to greater productivity after
training. The following are productivity measures for individuals trained by each method: tsl
Method 1 45 40 50 39 52 44
j\zlethod 2 59 43 47 51 39 49
Method 3 4l 37 43 40 52 39

Perform an Ana[1'sis of variance to test at the 0.0-s level of significance whether the three
training methods lead to different levels of productivity?
13. The results of a survey regarding "radio listeners" preference for different types of music
are given in the following table. is there any association between listeners classified by
age group and preference of type of music influence by age? tsl

tr.r.t-"* 19-2s
Age Grou
26-3s above 36
ltolk Music 80 60 9
Modern rnusic 210 32s 44
Indifferent 16 45 )z
14. Frorn a lot of units produced by machine A, a sample of 500 is drawn and tested fbr a
quahty characteristics. It is found that i6 units are not meeting the specification. Another
sample of size 100 is drawn from the lot of similar units produced by machine B and
tested. In this case, oniy 3 units are found to be not rneeting the specification. Obtain a
99Yo confidence intervals for the difference of the properties of defective units produced
by the two machines. lsl
15. Follou'ing data revels the sample of'27 pairs of observation (X,Y) drawn from large
population. t8j
X 46 55 49 57 56 46 66 47 5l
Y 27 37 24 43 43 50 49 48 29
t1 6t 56 68 68 48 58 68 45 50
Y 46 43 40 r8 39 32 48 l8 45
X 59 45 66 62 57 57 57 69 47
Y 32 26 2l 29 47 37 37 27 30

Findthe
i) Samplgmean for each variable X and Y
ii) Which series is more consistent and why?
iii) Standard error of the difference of mean in the population
iv) Find the coefficient of Karl Person Correleration
***.
* 'cu1 'uonecnpg uosrued 'V001', €r tq8r.rfdoC 'lcnpord fa1se1g-uoslpPv uV

I)enominator degrees of freedom (df:)

NJtQtJt'9tQ FJIJf'JfJN gs>JFrFr
U tgO\}.qi -iiF'-"ts rOo.;--1 6./t .F'rlrNrJ
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:a:_ H

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6 b 5 5
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cc'ro ;; u s' G -i d Ni in € F- L" \E s c\ $ +i b'F.r- i+ tor(p. Q C)l\lits-'Jt
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+ O\ Lt'l
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 :+:

)7
04 TRIBHWAT.I I.JNTVERSITY Exam. Ilcgulrr l'
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Lcvel BE Futtlflarfr EO

Examination Control Division Programme BCE BME, BIE Pass lfiarkr 32

2072 Ashwin Yeor/ Part II/tr Time 3 hrs.

and
r' Caudidares are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt&.questions.
{ T'lufrgltres in the mogin indicatg FuIl Mar*s.

{ Asnatte suitable data if necessary.

,

l. Mention and discuss the significance of statistics in engineering. In a moderately

aslmmetical distibution the value of mean andmedian ate20 and,24 respectively. Find
th; value of mode! [3+3]
2. Definc coriditional probability. A manufacturing firm produces steel pipes in three plaats
. with daily production volumes of 500, 1000 and 2000 units respectively. Aqcording to
experiencg it is-lcnown that the fractions of defective outprut produced by the ttuee plants
are respestively 0.005, 0,008, 0.010. If a prpe is selected from a day's total production and
found to be defective, find out the probability that the plpe might have come tom plant tr
and trI. t6l
jl
3. What arc the charac"teristics of Hypergeometric probability Dishibution? How does it
.l',
differ ftom Binomial probabillty distibutiog? 13+21
'

i
4. It is found that a Cricketcr hit a century in a game is2So/o. He declared that he will retire
from cricket after 6fr century from now. By usurg Negative Binomial disuibution find the
probability that t5l
r) IIe will lose none ofthe game
ii) Hewilt lose onlygame
iii) He will iose exactly two gamer
iv) He will lose at least trro games
5. Define standard normal distibution and \ /rite the condition for norrnal approximation to
tlre Binomial and Poisson probabiiity dishibution. t5l
I

OR
I
ffthe prolability densiry ftnction of a random variable is given by
:
i
f(x;=5s3o(xsl
=0, otherwise
Find:
i) The value of k
ii) P(x>23)
iii) P(l/4<X<3/4) and mem of distribution'
6. Inmmes of a group of 10,000 persons *r"
fo*a b be nonnally disributed with mean
Rs. 1,520 and s.d Rs 160. Find the number of persons whose incomes will be tsI
i) Between Rs.t400 and Rs.l520
ii) Mpre than Rs. 1600
iii) Iowest income of richest 1000 persons

ii,

t7
r- ,f,
.t
I! ' rJ- I

i.
t
I
'E t
7. What do you mean by Sarnpling Disnibution of a Statistical and Standard Error? t5I
8. From a population of 5 members 3, 6, g,12, 15 draw all possible random sample of size
3:witlrout replacemelrt. Obtain ttre sanrpling distribution of sanrple tnean and calcularc
i.
I

I
expectation of sarrple meau i t5I I
I
9. Mne partial and multiple correlations with examples. Write down the proffies of I
partial aud multiple correlation. t5I I
I
IO. The following data gives the experie,nce of machine operators in years and their I
perforrnance as given by the number of good parts tumd out per 100 pieces.
t5I I

Exporietrc(X) 16, t2 18' 4 l'3 10 5r t2

For-formancc(Y) E7 88 89 68 178 80 75 83
I
i) on $(peflerlce estinrate the probaliie I
gprforrnarpe if an.opoator tns I yeas experietpe. I

ii) Calculatq 957o confidence intetval.for the regre,ssion coeffieiqs (i.e., slope) t
OR I
I
if*uouiritiou suvey on rnonthly expenditure on food yield followiryi &ta: I
'ffirlfiftIy
orpenditurdl 00 Rs.) t0 l5 20 25 30 35 40 I
t\donthtvincome( i Oob nS. I 2 4 5 7 6 6 5 I
g.,rf;i.l 'll
t
4 5 7, m 4 I

'rellfi I

l:li Differentiate between (a) confidence level and significance level (b) Type I and tpe II i
'ri errors of hypo&esis testing.
tsl
OR
Describe the procedue of testing of hypothesis for single men for large sample.

t t2; ttc foUowing table represents the sales ofthree salesmen in foru different districts:
t5I
Dishicts
A t4 20 t6
B t2 23 ts
c l0 20 l0
:. D 8 t8 t2
Perform an Analysis.of Variance to tcst whether there is any signiflcant difference in the
sales ofdifferent disfrict at th6 0.05 level of significance.

13. A shtdy shows that 16 of 200 fractors produced on one assembly line required extensive
adjustnent before they could be shipped, while the'same was tnre for 14 of 400 tractors
produced on another assembly line. At the 0.05.level of significance, dqes this support the
tsl

t i

LP
 )4
i'
14. To determine whether there is really relationship between aa employee's perforrrance in
&e taining prograrn and his ultimate success in tre job, it takes a sample of 400 cases
from its very exteirsive files and obtains the result shown in the following table: tsl
Performance
Belou, average Averase Above averase
Poor 23 60 29
Success injob Average 28 79 60
Verv eood 9 49 63

Use the 0.05 level of significaoce to test whether pcrfomrance in taining pmgram and.
sucoess inthe job re independent.

15. A study was doue on adiesel powered light duty piclup truck to see if humidity influence
mission of nitous oxide. Eurission measure,ments wer,e taken at different times, with
varying etcperimental conditious, The data arpas follows: t8l
Nitmtu oxide HupidiW
frg0 72.4
0.91 41.6
0.96 u.3
0.89 35.1
t-00 10.7
r.l0
l.t5 8.3
r.03 20.1
0.n 72.2
I.07 24.0
'.i1, 1.07 23.2
0.94 47.4
l.t0 31.5
I.10 10.5
ii!:
,,\:
fi.2
0.91, 73.3
'75.4
-0.87
0.78 96.6
0.82 107.4
0.95 54.9

f) Find ttre mean and vaiiance of given data.

b) Calculate degee ofrelationship bctweenthem
b) Calculate coeffieient of determination and interlret the given data.

r*!i:l
I

I
...\ .,1

Ig
 u>
Appendix A 737

Tnelr A-4
Area to the Right of the criticalValue

Degrees
of
$eedom 0.995 r 0.99 0.y/5 0.95 0.90 0.10 0.o5 0.025 0.01 0.005

0.an

0.4t2 0554 9236 11.W1 LL833 15.085 16.

s.g1 n.1gt
6.W m+4 385&

,l 11 73.W
i., i
l'.t
.,..1
::":'i-
'
-'
; I
,{
{". ir
L. ,l I
l,

,i
!
!
il

: !. 265W 51.80s ss.75&

; :-,

Bom Dorutd B. gwrr..Hadb@k of SuditfrrrlTablq @1962 Addison-Wesl€y Publis.hing Co., R€adiry, tl{4r with permis-
sioa ofthepublishcr.
Ilegna of hoailoc
n:1 for oqddEoc intcr€ls or hypothcris tcsts witli r stardard devistiotr or v?dadcc
k-l formrdtiamialexperimentsor@

A" eaai.--Wotey product C.opyrignt-b 2OO+, Pearson ijducation, Inc.

0-o
 I
a,
'.' _1r ---
-,- -.-------.- o) : -.._-

04 TRIBHWANTJNIVERSITY Exem. Neu' (r & Later llatch

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCE, BME, BIE Pass Marks 32
2072Magh Year/Part II /II Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Probability and Statistics (SHs52)

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in thgir own words as far as practicable.
r' Attitmfi AA questions..
./ Thefigures in tlte margin indicate Full Marks.
{ Nicessam tobles are attacheUerewith.
{ Assume suitable data ifitecessary.

1. What are the chief measures of cental tendency and measures of dispersion? The mean
weight of 100 shrdents in a cert'ain class is 59 kg. The mean weight of boys in the class is
65 kg and that of girls is 50 kg. Find the nunrber of boys and grls in the class. [2++1
2. A box containing 5000IC chips, of which 1000 are manufactured by company A and the
rest by compary B. Ten percentage of chips made by company A and five percentage of
the chips by company B are defective. If we select a chip at a random t6l
i) What is the probability that the chips chosen is defective?
ii) if a randomly chosen chip are found to be defective, what is the probability that it
comes from company A
t3, D"fin" hlpergeometic probability distribution with an example. Descrik;ftersonditions" I ,

iI !., for the binomial approximation to hypergeometric distribution? [Z+3]

:1
I'
a
!4. ln a certain factory turning out optical lenses, there is a small chance, l/500 for any lens
i "it!
i
a
.li to be defective. The lenses are supplied in packets of l0 each. What is the probability that
; apacket will contain tsl
l. d.
fq.
D No defective lens
fr*
,:l
ii) At least one defbctive lenses
iii) Atmosttwo defuive lenses
OR
Define mathematical expectation of a discrete random variable. A probability
distibution is
X=x 0 I 2 3 4 5
PCX=r) 0.26 0.2s o.Ir 0.02 0.25 0.l l
Find (a) P(X > 4); (b) P(0 < X < 4); (c) P(X = 4nX= 5); (d) r(3)
5. Define Gamrna Distibrition and write the chief characteristics of it. t5I

9t
 q7
t.

6. In aphoto graphic process, the developing time of prints may be Iooked upon as arandom
variable having the normal distribution with a mean of 16.28 second and a standard
deviation of 0.12 second. Find the probability that it will take tsI
i) Anywhere from 16.00 to 16.50 seconds to develop one of the prints
ii) At least 16.20 seconds to develop one of the prints
iii) At most 16.35 seconds to develop one of the prints

OR
The disuibution of amount of the gravel (in ton) sold by a particular construction supply
company in a give,n week is continuous random variable X with the probability density
function.

for0<x<l
-r={[i)(x2+r)
otherwise

a) Find the cumulative distribution function of sales

b) What is the expected value and variance of sales
7. Define sanrpling distibution ofproportion with suitable example. tsl
8. A popnlation consists of the fournumbers2,3,4,5 15]

i) Write down all possible sarnple size of two without replacement

ii) verify that the population mean is equal to the mean of the sarnple mean
iii) Calculate the star-rdard error of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
9. As part of an indusrial training progrun, some trainees are instructed by Method A,
which is shaight teaching-machine instuction, and some are instructed by Method B,
which also involves the personal attention of an,instructor. If random sample of size 10
are taken from large group of trainees instructed by each of these two methods and the
soores which obtained in an test axe t5I
MethodA 7t 75 65 69 73 66 68 7l 74 68
Method B 72 77 84 78 69 70 77 73 6s 75

Use the 0.05 level of significance to test the claim that method B is more effective.
10. Hotel's manager in Kathmandu wants to know the hotels average daily registration. The
following table presents the numbers of guest registered each of 27 randomly selected
days. Calculate the sample mean standard errors of mean and 95Yo confidence limits of
population [-rcEil t5I
61 57 53 60 64 57 54 58 63
61 50 59 50. 60 5T 58 62 63
60 54 54 6l 5t 53 62 57 60

'oR
Shyam and Co. produces three varieties of products: deluxe, fine and ordinary. A recent
market survey is conducted for p,reference of products. The preference was found as
follow:
Product Production
Deluxe l5 t4 19 18
Fine t7 t2 20 l6
Ordinarv 16 l8 l6 t7
Is there-a significant differertce in the preference of products using ANOVA test. Use
u.= 5o/o

22-
r i, r:.:t1.lA{E!li:il9
.

'rr*l'
i':
.

04 TRIBHUVA},I UNIVERSITY Exam. OI-D Back & lier

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE, BME Pass Marks 32

207lMagh Year / Part II/II Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Probability and Statisti cs (EG57 t SH)

{ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt any Seven questions selecting Fourfrom Group A and Threefrom Grouo B.
/ Necessorv tables are atlached herewith.
/ -Thefi.gyres in the margin indicate Full Marks.
suitable data rf necessary.

GrouP A
,
l. a) Write the differences between diagram and graph. Write the importances of t6l
diagrammatic presentation of data .

b) Following is the distribution of monthly wages of employees of two factories. Which ts]
factory pays more money to the employees and in which factory the monthly wages is
more consistent?
Wages 200- 400- 600- 800- 1000- 1200- 1400-
Gs.) 400 600 800 1000 1200 I400 1600
FactoryA 4 8 lt 6 5 3 3
FactoryB 7 t2 9 4 4 3 I

2. a) Define the terms:( i) Exhaustive event (ii) Favorable event (iii) Mutudly.exclusive t6I
everits (rv) Equally likcly events and (v) Independertt events

b) Two third'ofthe students in a class are boys and rest are girls. It is known thatthc I5l
probability of a girl getting fintdivision markl is 0.25 and that of boy getting first
division mark is 0.28. Find the probability that a student chosen at random will get
first division mark ?

3 a) Differentiate between discrete random variable and continuous random variable tsl
. with exampleS.
b) In a ganiUting a man is paid Rs.5 if he gets all heads or all tails when three coins are t6]
tossed and he pays out Rs.3 if either one or two of head shows, what is his e4pected
gain?

4. a) What arc the diffegences and similarities between blnomial. dishibution and t6I
rregative binomial dstribution?

b) Assuming the probability of a male birth is /2, findin how mdr;r of 160 famities tsl
with4 children each wouldyou expect to have
I. 4t least one boy ' "
il. at least one boy and one girl
 a) Define normal distribution? AIso state its important properties. t6l

b) The breakdown voltage X of a randomly chosen diode of a particular type is known tsl
to be normally distributed with ,.t = 40 volts and o = 1.5 volts
O What is the probability that the break down voltage will be between 39 afi 42
volts
(ii) What is the probability that the break down voltage will be between 40 and 43
volts

6. a) Define joint probability mass function and marginal probability mass function. t6l

b) The Joint probability distribution of the number X of car and the number Y of buses
.:pq signal cycte of a proposed left turn lane in displayed in the accompanying joint ;"",, .{5]
probability table:

v
p(xv) 0 I 2
0 0.025 0.015 0.01
I 0.05 0.03 0.02
2 0.125 0.075 0.05
x
3 0.15 0.09 0.06
4 0.1 0.06 0.04
5 0.05 0.03 0.02
(') is the probaliility that there is exactly one car and exactly one bus during a
cycle?
(ii) What is the probability that there is at most one car and at most one bus during a
cycle?
(i!i) What ig the prob_ability that there is exactly one car during a rycle?

Group B
7. a) What are the estimator and estimates? Describe the criteria for a good estimator. t61

b) A quality control manager needs to estimate the average hours of lifc of light bulbs.
The population standard deviation is known to be 100 hours. A random sample of 64 t6l
light bulbs indicated a sample average life of 350 hours. Set up 95.% and9f/o
confidence intpnal oftnre ayerage life of.bulbs.

8. a) Describe the tSpes of error that ariscs in testing of hlpothesis. Describe the test t6l
procedure of test of sigrrificance of mean for large sample.

b) The sample average unreshained compressive stength for 45 specimens of t6I

particular type of bricks was computed to be 3107 psi and sample standard deviation
was 188 psi. The distribution of unrestrained compiessive stnength may be somewhat
sewed. Does the data strongly indicate that the tme avbrage unrestrained compressive
shengft is less than design value of3200? Test using 1% Ievel ofsignificance.
 04 TRIBHUVA}.IUNIVERSITY Exsm- llcgu llr r i llar. li
INSTITUTE OF ENGTNEERING LcVel BE 'Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division BCE,BME,

Plogramme BIE Pass ltrlar*s 32

2WlBhadra Yeer/Part II/tr Time 3 hrs, .

Subjeet: and Statistics (5H552)

r' Candidates are required to give their ansrrers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt All questtorrs.
{ Tlu frgpres in tlu rnogin indicate FuII Mark.
/ Necesiam tabls are'dacheil heretsith.
{ Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. What are the differences between measures of central tendency and measures'of
dispersion? The mean and standard deviation of 20 items is formd to be I0 and 2
respe*ively. At the time of checking it was formd that one item 8 was incorrect Calculate
the mean and standard deviation if : (a) the wrong item is omitted (b) it is replaced by 12. [2+a] i
2. Differentiate betrryeen equally likely events and mutually exclusive events with suitnble.
oranrple. A consulting fimr rents cars from tbree agencies, 20Yo from agency D,ZV/o
. from agency E and 60% from agency F. If l07o of the cars frrom D; lZYo of ttre cars from
E, and 4Yo of fu cars from F have bad tires, what is the probability that the firm will get a
carwith bad tires? t61
3. Define Negative Binomial Distribution. Write the conditions for Negative Binomial
'[2+31
Distribution
4. A shipment of 20 digital voice recorders contains 5 that are defective. If t0 of then.are
randomly chosen for inspection, what is the pro-bability that 2 of the l0 will be defective?
Also, find the mean and variance of the disEibution tsl
5. Define Staidard Normal DisEibution. Write the normal approximation to- the
(a) Binomial Distribrtion and (b) Poission Distribution. t4l
.oOR
A college professor never finishes his lectne before the bell rings to end the perio4 and
always finishes his lectures within one minute after the bell rings. Let X = the time which
elapses between the bell and the end of the lecture. Suppose that the p.d.f. of X is t4l
(x)=hf,0<xs l
= 0, o.theruristi
a) Find the value ofk
b) What is the prrobability that the lecturc ends within % minute of the bell ringing?
c) What is the probability that the lecture continues beyond the bell for between 15 and
30 seconds?
d) What is the p,robability that the lecture continuous for at least 40 seconds beyond the
bell?
6. Suppose that the pH of soil samples taken from a certain geographic re,gion is normally
distribtted with mean pH 6.00 and standard deviation 0.10. If the pH of a randomly
selected soil sample frcm this region is determined. t6I
a) Srhat is the probability that the resulting pH is between 5.90 and 6.15?
b) V/hat is the probability that the resulting pH exceeds 6.10?
c) What is the probability that the resulting pH is at most 5.95?
7. What is sampling distribution? Construct frequency distribution table of sanrple mean in
population 2,4,6,8, 10 with sarnple size two. Also prove that sanple mean is unbiased
estimate of population mean. t4l irg
iri
 8. Define Central Lirnit Theorem. An auditor for a large credit eard company, knows that,
on average, the monthly balance of any given customer is $112, and the standard'
devidion is $56, If ttre auditor audits 50 randomly selected accormts, wha is the
probabitity that the sample ayerage monthly balance ii 1a; Uetow $100 (b) between $100
and$I36? 12+41

9. An article in the Tappi (March, 1986) presented data on green liquor Na2S
concentration (in grarns and paper machine production (in tons per day). The
data (read &om a graph) as follows: t6I
v 40, 42 49 46 -44 48 46
x 825 830 890 895 890 910 915
Y 43 53 52 s4 57 t8
x 960 990 l0l0 \030 1030 1050

a) Fit a sirrple linear regression model with v green liquor NazS concemhation and ;
'':!,

x =production
b) Find the fitted vdtre of y ****T;" x = 910 trins.

The following shoiv the improvernent (gain in reading speed) of eight studelrts in a qptrd-
readlng proglarL ana tte ntrmber of weeks they have been in program
No. ofweeks 3-, 5 2 I 6 I 3 4
Specd gain
(uro,rd/minute)
86 ll8 49 193 164 232 73 109

Estimate the parureters of a simple linear regression model with No of weeks as

independent variable.
10. Defiue the correlation cocfficient and mention its important properties. What does the
coef;Ecient of detexmination measure? 14I
I l. Descdbe the procedure of the test of sigrrificance of two meailB for small smrple. [4]'
12. As part of the investigation of the collapse of the roof of a buildfiA; a testing laboratory is
;
I
given all the available bolts that connected the steel strucfire at thee ditrer€nt positions
I
I
on the roof. The forces required to strear each ofthese bolts (ry"d values) are as follows: t6l
a
Position I 90 82 79 98 83 9l
Position2 105 89 93 104 89 95 86
Position 3 83 89 80 94
Perform an Analysis of Vriance to test at the 0.05 lwel of significance whether the
differences among the sample means at the thrce positions are significant
13. Deftre point estimatd. Write down the properties of good estimator with examples. ts]
14. In 40 tosses of a coin, 24.heads were obtained. Find 95% and 99/o confidence limit for
prcportion ofheads. tsl
15. The foltowing table shows the number of horns 45 hospital patiens slept following the
adminisfation of a certain anesthetic. t8I
v l0 t2 4 B 7 3 I 5
l2 1l 3 8 1 I 13 l0 4
4 5 5 E 7 7 3 2 3
E l3 1 7 t7 3 4 5 5
3 I t7 l0 4 7 7 l1 I
a) Find sanrple mean, slmple variance and sample standard deviation.
b) Compute a value the amormt of variability relative to ttre value of mean.
**+
 04 TRIBI{UVAN UNIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGTNEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
BCE, BI\4E,
Examination Control Division Programme BIE
Pass Marks 32

2071 Bhailra Year / Part fitil Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Prohability and Statistics (5H552)

/ Candidates arc required to give their answers in their own-words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt All questions.
/ The rtgtres in the margin indicate FuIl lllark.
/ Nec"-siary tables ore atlached herewith.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. Y'trat are the differences between measures of central tendency and measures of
dispersion? The mean and standard deviation of 20 items is found to be I0 and 2
respectively. At the time of checking it was found that one itern I vras incorrect. Calculate
the mean and standard deviation if : (a) the wrong item is omitted (b) it is replaced by 12. [2+41

2. Differentiate between equally likely events and muiually exclush,e events with suitable
example. A consulting firrn rents cars from three agencies, 20?6 &om agency D,20yo
from agency E, and 60% from agency F. lf l0% ofthe cars from D 12% ofthe cars from
E, aad4Yoof the cars from F have bad tires, what is the probabilitythat the firm will get a
car with bad tires? t6I
3. Define Negative Binomial Distribution. Write the conditions for Negative Binomial
Distribution. [2+3]
4. A shipment of 20 digital voice recorders contains 5 that are defective . If l0 of them are
randomly chosen for inspeetion, what is the probability that 2 of the l0 will be defective?
Also, find the mean and variance of the distribution. tsl
5. Define Standard Normal Disfibution. lfurite the normal approximation to the
(a) Binomial Distribution and (b) Poission Distribution- t4l
OR

A college professor never finishes his lecture before the bell rings to end the period, and
always finishes his lectures within one minute after the bell rings LetX= the time which
elapses between the bell and the end ofthe lecture. Supposeihat fu p.d.f. ofX is t4l
f(x)=1r2,0<x< I
= 0, otherwise
a) Find the value of k
b) What is the probability that the lecture ends within % minute of the bell ringing?
c) What is the probability that the lecture continues beyond the bell for between 15 and
30 seconds?
d) \I/hat is the probability that the lecture continuous for at led 40.seconds beyond the
bell?
6. Suppose that the pH of soil samples taken from a certain geographic region is normally
distributed with mean pH 6.00 and standard deviation 0.10. If the pH of a randomly
selected soil sample from tbis region is determined t6l
a) What is the probability that the resulting pH is bet*,een 5.90 and 6.15?
b) What is the probability that the resulting pH exceeds 6.10?
c) What is the probability that the resulting ptl is at most 5.95?
7. What is sampling diskibution? Construct frequency distribution table of sarnplc mean in
population 2,4,6,8, l0 with sample size two. Also prove that sample mcan is unbiased
estimate of population uean. t4l ,t,
8. Define Central Limit Theorem. An auditor for a large credit card comlmrl, knorvs that,
on average, the monthly balance of a.ny given customer is $112, and the standard
deviation is $56. If the auditor audits 50 randornly selected accolirnqs, what is the
probability that the sample average monthly balance is (a) below $100 (b) between $100
and $130? 12+41

9. An article in the Tappi Journal (March, 1986) presenterJ data on green liquor Na2S
concentration (in grams per liter) and paper machine production (in tons per da"v). The
data (read from a graph) are shown as follows: t6l
v 40r 42 49 46 44 48 q
x 825 830 890 89s 890 910 9r5
Y 43 53 52 54 5:l 58
x 960 990 1010 1030 1 030 1 0s0

a) Fit a simple linear regression model with y = green liquor Na2S corrcentration and
x= Production' :
A r:- ^
b) Find the fitted value of y corresponding to x-- - ^r
910 tons.

OR
The following show the improvement (gain in reading speed) of eight students in a speed-
reading program, and the number of weeks they have been in progam.
No. of weeks 3 ) 2 8 6 9 3 4
Speed gain
(wordlminute) 86 118 49 193 164 232 73 109

Estimate the parameters of a simple linear regression model with No. of weeks as
independent variable.
10. Define the correlation cocflicient and mention its important properties. lfihat does the
coeffi cient of determination measure? t4I
I I . Describe the procedure of the test of significance of two means for small sanaple. L4)
I 2. As part of the investigation of the collapse of the roof of a building, a testing laboratory is
given all the available bolts that connected the steel structure at three difr€rent positions
on the roof The forces required to shear each ofthese bolts (coded values) are as follows: l6I
Position I 90 82 79 98 83 9t
Position 2 105 89 93 104 89 95 86
Position 3 83 89 80 94

Perform an Analysis of Variance to test at the 0.05 level of significane whether the
differences among the sample means at the three positions are significant.
13. Define point estimate. Write down the properties of good estimator with exmrples. t5]
14. In 40 tosses of a coin, 24 heads were obtained. Find 95% nd 99% confrdmce limit for
proportion ofheads. , [5]
15. The following table shows thc number of hours 45 hospital patients slept following the
administration of a certain anesthetic. t8]
7 l0 t2 4 8 7 3 8 5
t2 lt J 8 I I 13 IO 4
4 5 5 8 7 7 3 2 J
I t3 1 7 t7 3 4 5 5
3 I t7 l0 4 7 7 11 8

a) Find sample mean, sample variance and sample standard deviation.

b) Compute a value that measures the amount of variabllity relative to the value of mean.
 I

ll2 'IRIBI'ltl\';\N tJNI\rEIiSI't'i' & tater

l,er'91 ['ull l\'Iarks , 80
, Il(-8.
Bxamination Control l)ivision Programme
Bi\411,
l'ass l\larks , i2
iIlllr
2071 i\{agh *ear / Part II i II Tirne i lrls.

and Statistics (5H552)

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own wrlrds as far as praclicable.
/ Attempt All que.stions.
'/ T'he figures in lhe margin indicate Full Maiks.
{ Necessary tqbles are ottaclted heyeb,ith.
/ A$sume suitable data if necessar.y.

L 'What are the chief measures of central tendency? Also de scribe the lechniqucs to melsure
the consistency. t6l
2. F'ive coins are tossed 32Hirnes. If coins are unbiased construct the probability
ilistribution table cf the result. Also find rncan and variance o1' the given probability
distribution. i6l
3. Define binomial probability distribution with its important characteristics. tsl
4. It has been claimed that in 600,'o of all solar-heat installations the uiility bill will be
rcduced by at least one-third. Accordingly what are the probabilities that the utility bill
u,ill be reduced by at least one third in (a) four of five installations (b) at least four of five
instaliations? l5l
5. Define continuous random variable and probability density function. The probability
3
of a random variable is f(x) = 0<x<2.
density function *" Find mean and
0 otherwise
variance of the variable x. t4l
6. I'he tinre for a super glue to set can be treated as a ranciom variable having a normal
distribution rvith mean 30 scconds. Find its standard deviation if the probability is 0.20
that it will take on a value greater tharn 39.2 seconds. 16l
OR
'l'ire daiiy consumplion of rvatcr in a certain
place folloui a garnrna-distribution rvith
parameters a:2 andp = 3. ll'the daiiy capacity of this city,'is 9 million gailon of water-
*,hat is the probability that or1 any given day the water supply' is inadequate?
7. Define sampling distribution. Write thc difference betrrieen population and sample. A
population consists of 3,7 , I I . I 5. Consider all possiblc samples of size two rvhich can be
drau,n without replacement from this population. Irind population nrean and population
standard devialion t4l
8. State central iinrit thcorem. If a l-gallon can ol'paint covers r;n the a\/erage 51.1.3 sq.i1.
rvith a standard deviation of 31.5 sq.fi., what is tlic probability that the sample mean area
coverecl by a salnple of 40 of these )-gallon cans he ani'u,ht:re frtrm 5i0 to 520 sq.ft.? t6l
9. Dcfine Pearsonian's con'c-ialion coefficient. Write dorvn two dill'erences 'oelrveen
correlation and regressiort coefficierrt. l4l
 i

10.'fhe tbllor.ving arg thc ntcasulcrncnts of the air velocitl,' ancl cvaptlration coetlicient ctf
burriirrg fut'! ciroplers in an !nrptrlsc crtgittc.
Air ve 20 (r0 140 tE0 2?0 260 i00 340 380
ct-re1'licicnt
f,).18 i 0 37 0.i 5 0.78 0.56 0.7i i8 1..1(; 1 .tl t.6s
/scc

Fit thc straighl line by method of least square and flnd tlre valuc of evaporation
coelficient when air velocity is 200 cm/sec.
11. Write dorvn the steps fbr testing hypothesis on dilTerence bctu,een trvo population means
{br thc large sanrple size. ill
12. An exrlmination nas given to 50 stuclents at college A and 60 sttrdents at college Il. At A
metrn grade u,as 75 rvith standard deviation of 9. At B nrean grade rvas 79 with a standard
<ieviation of 7. Is there significant diflerence betwcen the pcrlcrmance of studcnts at A
and those at [], given that tr: 0.05'/ [6]
"r'
l' '' i" :"1, .",t.-,
-:iY, i :

OR

ftrree randomly selected groups ol chickens are fed on three diff'erent diels. Each group
consists ol five chickens. 'l-heir u,eiglrt gains during a specified pcriod of tinre arc as
follows:
Diet I ,l
a 4 7 1 E

Diet II 4 _5 6 1
-1

Diet lli 6 a
7 '1
I
'l'cst the hypothesis that mean gains of'rveigirt due to the three diets are cqual.

13. Writc thc pronerties of good estimetors nith examples. t5]

14. In ranclorn sample of 400 in,Justrial accidents.it rvas lound rhat 231 vi,ere due to at least
. partially [o unsafb working c<;nditions. Construct 99Y'c and 959'i' confidence inlcrvals for
the core.sponding true prr;portion. t5l
15.An arlicle in computer and industrial engineering describcs the tirne-failure data (in
hours) for-iet engines. Some of tire data oL'served are prescnted belorv, t8]
Engine Irailure'l'ime llngine Failure Tinre
I 150 l3 213
1 291 14 271
93 l5 197
+1 53 16 200
) a
17 262
6 6s l8 255
7 183 19 286
I 144 ?a 206
I :/. ) 2l \79
10 191 22 232
1l 187 | Zi 165
12 197 24 I -{5
2:1 203

a) Find samplc rnean. sample variance ancl sample standard deviatiorr

b) Exciudc the lou'est six data and erompute (a) again.
c) Analyze the result (a) and (b). Drarv you conclusion.
 04 TRIBHUVANUMVERSITY , Exam. OLD Back [2065 & Earlier Batch)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level r BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCE, BME Pass Marks 32
2071Magh Year / Part il/II Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Probability and Statistics (EG57lSH)

./ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt ony Seven questions selecting Fourfrom Group A and Threefrom Group B-
{ Necessarv lables are atlached herewith.
'/ The /igures in the margin indicate Fult Marks.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.
t
A
, "roup
1. a) Write the differences between diagram and graph. V/rite the importances of t6] J

diagrammatic presentation of data

!

b) Following is the distribution of monthly wages of employees of two factories- Which t5l l
factory pays more money to the employees and in which factory the monthly wages is
more consistent?
Wages 20u 400- 600-. 800- 1000- t200- 1400-
fRs.) 400 600 800 1000 1200 I400 1600
FactoryA 4 8 1l 6 5 3 3
FactoryB 7 12 9 4 4 3 I

2. a) Definc the tenns:( i) Exhaustive cvent (ii) Favorable event (iii) Mutually exclusive t6l
ev.ents (iv) Equally likely events and (v) Independent events

b) Two third'of the students in a class are boys and rest are girls. It is known ihat the tsl
probability of a girl getting firstdivision markl is 0.25 and that of boy getting first
division mark is 028. Find the probability that a student chosen at random will get
first division mark. ?

3 a) Differentiato between discrete random variable and continuous random variable t5]
. with exampleS.
b) In a ganibling a man is paid Rs.5 if he gets allheads or all taits when three coins are t6l
tossed and he pays out Rs.3 if either one or two of head shows, what is his expected
gain?

4. a) What are the diffepences and similarities between blnomial. disfibution and t6l
rregative binomial dstribution?

b) Assuming the probability of a male birth is Yz, find in how mrir;r of I 60 families tsl
wiflr4 children each would you expect to have
I. dtleastoneboy
tr. at least one boy and one girl
 lr' E ifiliit.'i: '

5. a) Define normal distribution? Also state its importantpropertits. t6l

i
1
b) The breakdown voltage X of a randomly chosen diode of a particular type is known t5]
to be normally distributed with p = 40 volts and o : 1.5 volts
(D What is the probability that the break down voltage will be between 39 and 42
volts
(ii) What is the probability that the break down voltage will be between 40 and 43
volts

6. a) Define joint probability mass function and marginal probability mass function. t6]

b) The Joint probability distribution of the number X of car a[d the number Y of buses
per signal cycle of a proposed ieft turn lane in displayed in thc accompanying joint t5l
probability table:

p(xv) 0 I 2
0 0.025 0.015 0.01
I 0.05 0.03 0.02
2 0.125 0.075 0.05
x
3 0.t 5 0.09 0.06
4 0.1 0.06 0.04
5 q.0s 0.03 0.02
(') the probability that one car andexactly one bus during a
cycle?
(ir) What is the probability that there is at most one car and at most one bus during a
cycle?
(iii) Wha.t is the probabiliff that there is exactly one car during a cycle?

Groun B
7 a) What are the estimator and estimates? Describe the criteria fora good estimator. t6I

b) A quality control manager needs to estimate the average hours of life of light bulbs.
The population standard deviafion is known to be 100 hours. A random sample of 64 t6]
light bulbs indicated a sample avcrago life of 350 hours. Set up 95!/o and.99%
confidence intewal of true average life of bulbs.

8. a) Describe the types of irror that arises in testing of hypothesis- Describe the test t6I
procgdurr of test of sigrificance of mean for large sample.

b) The sample average unrestrained compressive strength for 45 specimens of t6l

particular tlpe of bricks was computed to be 3107 psi and sample stiindard deviation
was 188 psi. The diskibution of unrestrained compressive strength may be somewhat
sewed. Does the data strongly indicate that the tmtf average unrestained compressive
shength is less than design value of 3200? Test using 1% level of significance.
 ;

IT4 .TRTBHUYAN UNryERSITY Exem. l{cgrrlit r'

r" INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERINC Lcrrel BE FUII Marts' lTil

BCE BME
Examination Control Division Programme BIE
ParsMarlrr 32

2070 Bhadra Year / Part II/II Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Frobability and Statisti cs (SII5 5 2)

Candidates are required to give their answirs in their own words as far as practkable.
Attempt All guestions.
I'hefi.gto.es in the mogin indicae FaItMarks.
Nccssart tqils arc altached here*illt
Asswte suinble data f necessary.
I. What are the merits and demerits of positionat average median? Calculate mean, median and
mode from the following data of rainfall. t6l
I
R.ainfall (in mm) 20-30 30-40 40-50 s(L60 60-70
No. ofdays l5 l5 20 24 l5
2. Define addilion theqern of probability. In a group of cqual number of men and womerq 20o/o of
men and 3(Vo of women are unemployed. If a person selected is random.

a) Whc is thc probability that the selected person is an ernployed?

b) Whd is the probebility that the selected person is men employed?

3. lVrite donn the differences behveen a binomiirl and a negative binonriat distribution with an
example.
4. In a certain effory turning out optical lenseq there is a small chsnce, l/500 for any lens to be
dcfcctivc. The lenses are supplied in packes of l0 each. Whst is the probability drat a pcket will
contain

a) no defcctive lens b) at least one defctive lenses c) at most two defective lcnses

5. Define tte normal distribution. Give the condition for normal appoximation of binomial
distibutiom. 12+31

6. ;; t rclght of products is68.22grams with variance of 10.8 grams. How many products in
a bdch of 1000 would you exp€ct (a) to be over 72 grans (b) between 70 and 72 grams (c) below
65 grams? t5I
OR
neverfinishes his lecture before the bell ringsto end ofthe period, and atways
within one minute after the bell rinp. IJt X bc thc time ttat elapse benreen
the bell and the end of the lecture, and suppose the probability denuty fimction of X is

{:'
[0
r:.=l otherwise

a) Find the value of k.

U) Wtrat is ttre probability drat the tecture ends within 20 seconds of bell rings?
c) What is the probability Brat the lecture continue beyond the bell for betw€€n 20 to 40
seconds?

7. Define sampling dis&ibution of proportion with example. . tal

8. Stale th€ central li/rit theorem. Write two apptications of ir t6l
9. Wrirc dovm the phopcrties of regression coefficient and conetation coefficient t5]
10. The following data gives the experience of machine operators in years and their performance as
given by the number ofgood parts turned out per 100 pieces.. tsl
E>oeriEmce (X) r5 t2 l8 4 3 l0 5 t2
Perfoimance (Yl 87 tB 89 68 78 80 75 sl
a) Fit the rcgression equation of performance ratings on experience and estiroate the pmbable
performance ifan operatorhas 8 years experience.
b) Calculatc coeffrsi€nt of debmination and intcrpret it.

w ESrsJy Prwe,'!
-AffAOofs0n-

{r'.
n
t

si,
OR
A samplc of l0 values of ttnec variables X1, X2 and X3 wereobtained as

XXr = l0 EXz = 20 EX" = 30

ZXrz =20 E)Gz = 68 XX.z - I70
XX' Xr= l0 EXr X.= 15 EXr Xr =64
Find:

b) Multiple corrclation between Xl, X2 and )t(r assuming X1 as dependent

I l. A company produces automobile tyres, the managerof the company want to estimate the limits in
which cxpcctcd trend life of his tyres will probabty lie. A test sample of 64 tyr€s was taken and a
t€st run showed the average tend life of 50000 miles. Find the 95Yo and 99/o confidence limits
for population mean. Given that populatiur standard dsviation is 3000 miles. t4I
12. Thefollowing data represents the units of production per day tumed out by three different brands
of.rnachincs used by three mechanists: 16l
Machines Pro
I t5 t4 l9 l8
2 l7 t2 20 l6
3 t6 I8 t6 17

Using ANOVA test whaher the differences in performances of the three brands of machines are
significaotUsca=5o2.
,oR
The average hourly wage of sample of IJO workers in a plant'A'was Rs. 2.56 with a standard
dorristion of ns. t.OS. The average wage of a sample of 200 wqlrers in plant 'B' was Rs" 2.E7
with a standard deviuion of Rs- 1.28. Can an applieant safely assrme drat the hourly wagcs paid
by plant'B'are higherthan thosc paid by plant'A'? Use a = 0.05.
13. Define criticat value and critical region..A manufacturer claimed that at l€ast 957o of ttre pumps
supplied to th€ ABC cmrparry confirmed to specificcions. Horrever, the production mantger at
ABC oompany wasn't satisfied with the claim of tlre manufacturer. Hence, to test the claim, the
,iii manager examined a sample to 250 pumps supplied last month and found thatzzE pumps as per
':' the specificatiorrs. Can you conclude thatthe production manager is rigfrt to doubt on the cleim of
fre manufachre? (a = 0.01) t5I
A sample of 500 workers of a factory according to g€nd€r and
t5I
Gender
NEture ofwork
Male Female
Technical 200 t00
Non+echnical 50 150

Tgst al 5o/o levcl of sigrificancr whether there exist arry relationship betrreen gender and natrc of
work.
15. The heights of male and female students are given below. t8l
Sex ofthe oerson
Height
Male Female
145-t50 0 3
150-155 2 E
155-150 6 l5
160-165 l7 t2
165-170 2t 4
170-t75 l0 0
175-180 2 0
180-l8s 2 0
a) Calculate mean height for male and female students.
b) Calculate sample standard deviation and sample variance for given data.
c) Which dda for lrcigbt is consistent?

:u
:tl
"l
--"r-;--ii;:rilj.
 {

'. i- :

, 04 TRIBHUVAN I'NIVERSIry Exam. l{egrrllr' (2t)6(r .t l-ltcr l}atch ) ,l

Y INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marlc 80

Examination Control Division. Programme
BCE, BME,
Pass Marks 32
BIE
\- 2069 Bhadra Year / Part II/II Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Probabilitv and Statistics (sHs52)

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
r' Affernpt All questions.
-,{ Thefigures in the morgtn indicate Fatt Marhs,
I y' Necessam tables are attached herewith.
y' Assume suitable data if neces.sary.

l. A civil engineer tested six samples of each of three types of brick for use in a particular
construction project.The following data are the compressive strength of bricks in psi.

Type I 2900 3r0s 29s0 2859 3t55 3132

Tvoe [l 2805 2985 3067 3204 3250 3rl9
Type III 3207 2825 2836 3222 3t2l 32t8

i) Calculate the average compressive strength and the standard deviation for each type.
ii) Which type of brick is best and why? [213=61

2. Stde 'Bayes' theonem for conditional probability; A company produces certain rype of sophisticarcd
items by three machines. The respective daily production fipnes are: Machine ..{ 300 units, Machine
B 450 ruits and Machine C 250 unib. Past experience shows that the p€rcentages of defective in tho
three machines are 0.t, 0.2 md 0.? respe*ively for.tlro machines A;B.ttr't*,C. An iterl is dratrrf bt
iandom fipm da/s production and is found to be defective. What is the probability ttrat it is nor
"
produced loy machine C ? [l+5]
3. Define hypergeometric disribution. Write down the differences between hypergeometic and
binomial distribution.
pnl
4. Write any two conditions that a function is a probability mass function. If 6 of l8 new buildingp
in a city violate the buildinycode, what is the probability that a building inspector, who
randomly selects 4 of the new buildings for inspection, will catch
a) none of the buildinp that violate the building code. 12+2+21
b) at least 3 of the new buildings that violate the building code.
OR
Define Poisson probability distribution with the condition for poisson distribution"
A local booth ofNepal Telecom receiyes on an average 2 calls per minute. Find the probability
of (i) no phone call (ii) exactly 4 calls (iii) at least three calls.

5. Define standard normal distribution with area property.

E. 6. The tength of life of 600 dry banery cetls are normally distributed with mean l2 hours and standard
t4l

deviation 2.5 hours . Find the number of battery cells that are expected to have life i) more than l5
hours; ii) between l0 and 14 hours iii) less than 6 hours. t6l
r OR
If X has a probability density function:
(xFk(l-s2) for -l<i<l
,--+,.(i) a(ii) ,
--
Ofrnrise
r
Finri k P(O.S<xcl ) (iii) The distribution flrrrction of random variable
 . 7 Definc population, sarnple, Parameter utd statiltic with bxanrples 12 + 4l

S. fnc iiniiri" of of an ehctic bulb rnay be considered a random variablc witt mean 1200
" ".rtoi"traia
hoprs.and staodard deviation 150 hous. Using the Central Limt Theorem,
find the pobability that the
r*rpfr *".r, of the lifetime with a samplc ofiizc a6, is betwecn 1 100 hours and 13fl) t4l hours.
OR
From a population of 3 membcrs l;3, 5 draw all possible simple random samgles of size 3
withoul
rekdpia Obtain the sampting distibutions otsample mean and from it calorlste cxpectation of
t nptt m""o- t4I
9. The simple correlation coefficient between fertilizer(Xl), prodrrctivity ()A) are
seeds CX2) and
rp=0.69, rrr{).64 and rzr=0.85. Calculate the partial conelation coeflicient f rz.t and multiple
correlation R1.23. t4l

10. Ten Stecl wires of diametcr 0.5 mm and lengh 2.5m were extended in a laboratory by applying
vertical forces of Resulu are as fotlows:
Forcdks) l5 l9 25 35 42 48 53 56 62 65
.Increase in leneth (mrn) t.7 2-t 2.5 3.4 3.9 4.9 5.4 5.7 6.6 7.2
correlation tn
lengh and interpret the result using coefficient of determination.
t6l
OR
Sryposc a satistics professor is irueresred in pq.{icrirg t-mt exam scorre {Y1 fror* SAT
marheo*ir=peqe

SATscorcX .440 45s 282 521 535 552 572 590 607
Final Score Y 40 47 43 54 64 52 59 68 44

(i) Determine the regression equation for predicting scores on the final (Y) from SAT score (X).
(ii) From a SAT score of 500, predict the score on the final.

I l. The following are thc lifetimes of three Upes oftires in miles. t6t
Tire Life
I 28 27.4 26 27
il 26.9 25.6 24.9 27.7
Iu 27 28.4 26.6 25
t. *1

times. ':
Construct ANOVA table and test for equality of the meanlife , ;
;.
. fn&*One critical value end test statistic valu". e ,ffi
manufacturer hypothesized ,t o rr," ion .::: r,t| :.i
:a'

pergallon for its moped is I 15.2. it takes thc samples of 49 moped and find the sample mean to te .
I 17 .4 per gallon. lf the population standard deviatigrn is known to 8.4, test the hypothesis that the tnrc 'l'* \L .;.
meanmilespergallonissignificantlygrcaterthanll5.2rsing0.05significancelevel.
11. Describe thc prdure oftest of significqoo betw€Eo two population proportions. I4l ",
;.1 -,-r rr'
;+
13. Thc of number ofcrror fn:f{ as, 1sl.
No. oferror 0 it 2 3 4 5
'No. of pages 275 t38 75 7 4 I

Using Chi-square test of goodness of fit, veriS whether the distribution of error follow a poisson
distribution.
14. In a factory, 2Yo steelrods were fount defective in a lot of 2000 and in another factory,2.5% stecl
rods were found defective in a tot of 3m$rods. Do you find that the rods in the second factory are
significantly inferior compared to the rods in the first factory? (Use a=l%) . tsl
. ,;l
::,:t j, .

'irli.."
 .t

l5' An article in eomputer and industrial engineeririfitiiiscribcs the time-to.failure data (in hours) for I

jet engines. Some ofthe data observed are presented below: [3+3+2]

lure Time ngtne Failurc time

t. 213
:r , ri i
t4 27t
l5 t97
,hj 200
,.1! a- l7 262:
I 255i
286
I i:- 20 206'
!: f: 2l t79
22 232
I rE] r.-
.?9,,,:' :1d56.,

.203

sample variange and sample standard deviation.

iix data:and compute (a) again.
c) the rcsults (a) and (b). Draw your conclusion.
El
**+

EI
 04 rRlsHuveN t;ttttrnsrrY Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Le'veI, BE Frrll Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE, BNIE PassMarks 32

"2068'Jestha
Year / Part il/il Time 3 hrs

and Statistics
./ Candiclligq are.rgquirgd to give their answers il thei.r. ow'n r,vords as far as practicable.
./ Attempi any Sevgn qu?sttgf_s..s.electing Fourfroyn Group A and Thieefrom-Grotw:F.
./ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full fuIarks
'/' .Necesiary:tables dre qttached herewith. ' . . . .' '.
./ Assunte s.uttable data if necessary.

Group A
I

I(6+flxal
1. a) What do you mean by measures of central tendency? DescriLe briefly the r-equisites of
. a good measure of,central tendency.

b) Two automatic fiUing machines A and B are used to fill tea in 500gms cartons. A
, random sample of 100 cartons on eaih machine showed the following:
Tea C6ntents:
485-490 490-495 495-s00 500-s05 505-5 1 0 510-515
(In .prns)
Machine
No. of t2 18 20 22 24 4
A
Cartons
Machine"
filled by 10 15 24 20 18 13
B
i Find:

L] D Which machine is better?

I
,: 2. a) Define the following terms with a suitable example: . . :

i) Mutually exclusive events

I
ii) Indeperident everits

i
iii). Exhaustive cases
b) Suppose that in a particular city:aiaport A handles 50%. of all airline traffic; and
airports B and C handle .30% and, 2Oo/o respec.tively. The detection rates for a
paSseng'er for carrying weapons at the three airports are 0.9, 0.5 and 0.4 respectively.
I .If a passenger at any one of the airports is selected at randorn, what is the probability
that he or she carrying a weapon? If he or she is found carrying a weapon through the
boarding gate, what is the probability that passeng-er is using airport A?
3. a) Differentiate discrete ahd continuous random variables with suitable examples-
b) A box contains 8 good bulbs and 5 defectiye bulbs. Three bulbs are drawn at randorn.
Find the probability distribution of the number of defective bulbs drawn. Also
calcula.te m"ar, *i
""4,:
*i.
i th" alstriUutlon.
"
4- a) Define negative binomial distribution. Through a suitable example, indicate the
e that it has with binomial .distribution.
-differenc
'b) bn un average t house in i 000 in a certain district has a fire during u y;. If there are
2000 houses in that district, indicate the probability that: . .

i) Exac,ly 5 houses wiil have a fire during the year.

ii)NohouseswiiIhaveafiredurIigtlre-vear.
.iii) At least one house will have a fire during ti-re ]ear.
iv) At the most 2 houses r,vill have a fire during the year.
 \

culne' i ' 'r.: ' ';:'-

,t
5. ,a;\ L)efine nomlal ciistri.birtiqn,.state the,ared properties of a nom.al
.

lr\. 10C0 can,lidates appeared in a test. The ave;:age scole it.r the te-ht is 14 and standaid
cievia.tiol is 2.5. Aiiuming the normality of the distribution, find;
i) The probability that aEandidate selected at randorn *vill-score above 1 5. :

iil Ho1r, many candidates scoi-e between 12 and 15?

iii) Horv many score beioyv 8? :. .

6-, a) Definejointprobabilitymassfunctionandmarginalprobabilit]rdensityfunction.Give
two examples in rvhich the case ofjoint distribution arise.
b) Ii tr.vo random variables X and Y have ttre joint density
---/-
for 0<X(1,0<y<1
f(x, y) = !t**r'l
0 elsewhere,

Find:
i) Marginal densily function for X I

ii) ]r4argrnal cumulative distribution function for Y

Group B
[(6+6)x3]
7. a) Elplain the concept of point estimation and interval estimation.
b) A random sample of 900 members has meah 3.4cm and standard deviation 2.61cm. If
.
the population is normal, find 95% and,98% confidence limits for population mean.
8. a) Explain with illustrations, the types of error that arise in testing h1p.othesis.,
b) In a random sample of 400 men, it is found that 200 men consume brand 'X' of a
cohmodity. On the other hand, in a random sample of 600 women, it is found that
325 consume the same commodity. Test the hlrpothesis that'the data shows a
significant difference between men and women so far as the proportioh of the
commodity consumer is concemed. [Use 5% level of significance]. I

I
+ 9. a) Differentiate between z.test and t te'st of hypothesis. Also state the conditiqns I
I

I
b) The nieans of'two random samples of size 9 arfil are 796.42and 198.82 respectiVely. i
i

The sum of squares of the deviations from the mean are26.94 and 18.73 respectively. I
I

Car,r the samples be considered to have drawn from the same norrnal population? Test
. the.hypothesis at 57o level of significance. . :-. l I

10. a) Define. correlation between two variables. Also e;rplain the significanQe of the study i

ofcorrelation in statistical analysis? : .

-t
I

b) The following table'gives the aptitude test scores and produotivity indices of 10
workers selected at random: .._j:1:.ctr$.. I
I

53 73 65 &2
A
69 62 65 7.0 77 4B' .

68 50 62 80 45 40 52 62 60 81

Find the regression equation of Y on X and estimate the productivity index"of. a ri I

worker whose test score is 92.

*rF* 'l i

r
I

J
 04 TRIBHWAN UNIVERSIry Exam. Nor liack (2(f 6(r & l.rtttl' llatch)
INSTITUTE OF ENCINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division BCE, BME,

Programme Pass Marks 32
BIE
2068 Magh Year / Part n/il Time 3 his.

Subject: - Probability and Statistics

'/ Candidates are required to give their afuswers in their own words as far as practicable.
r' Atempt All questions.
{ Thefigures tn the margtn indicate Full Mark.
r' Necessarv tables are oltached herewith.
y' Assume suitable data tf necessary.

l. Describe the methods of uotion of pie diagram. Compute the coefficient of variation
from the data given "onrt
below. [3+3]
x l0 11 t2 t3 l4
Frequency 3 12 l8 t2 3

OR
F
Write the importance and application of statistics in the field of engineering. Following
are duration in minutes that a person had to wait for a bus go to work on 15 working days:

10, 1, 13,9,5,9,2,1A,3,9,6, 17,2,10 and 15.

Find the mean and variance.
2. Define mutually exclusive and independent bvents. A manufacturing firm produces steel
pipes in three plants with daily production volumes of 500, 1000 and 2000 units
respectively. According to past experience, it is known that the fraction of defective
output produced by the three plants are respectively 0.005, 0.008, 0.010. If a pipe is
selected from a day's total production and found to be defective. Find out the probability
that the pipe mighihave come from plant iI. [3+3]
3. Define Binomial distribution. Write the condition for Binomial distribution. [2-'=3]
4. Suppose that we are.'investigating the safety of a dangerous intersection of a road. Pas
police records indicate'a mean of 5 accidents per month at this intersection. Suppose the
number of accidents is distributed according to a Poisson'distribution. Calculate the
probability in any month of exactly 0 and between 2to 4 accidents. t5l
5. Define Continuous Probability distribution function. Write down the properties of
continuous probability distribulion function.
The proportion of people who respond to a certain mail-order solicitation is a continuous
random variable X has the probability density function. 12+31

f 2(x+2) 0<x<I
f(x) = is )
elsewhere
Io
a) Show that P(0 < x < 1): I
b) Find the probability that moie that 1/4 but fewer than lD of the people contacted will
respond to this type of solicitation.

t6
 OR 13. The table given betow shows the data obtairied during outbreak of small'pox iu a locality. t5I
The avet:ge diameter of a certain tlpe of pipc is 2.5 inches and Standard deviation i; ..-,,.." Not Attackcd
0.75. Ar;iming that the diameter of prpes is normally distributed, find the probability of - Taccinatsd 3l 469
pipes wi:ir diameters 185 l3t5
a) grelf:rthan2 inches Test itle effestiveness of vaccination in preventing ttie attack from small ircx at
b) less tl:an2.75 inches
c) bervr :n 2.4 and 2.7 inohes
6. Define n*rmal distribution and standard normal disribution. Write down arua propertics
ofnonpai distribution. Ttvo bonding agents, A and B are available for making a laminated beam. Ort of 50
. 12+31
beams made with Agent A, I I failed a stress test, whercas 19 of the 50 beams made with
7. Define :.i ; following terms with suitable examples.. t4l Agent B failed. At thl 0.05 level, can we conclude that Agent A is better than Agent B?
a) Sta,i .ics Vlfufil down the steps for testing hypothesis of population proportion for a large sample
b) Par;,r',,cter -/
J size. tsl
8. A popul::tion consists of 3, 7, 11, 15. Consider all possible samples of size trvo whict can describes the time-to-failure
be drawr without replacement from this population. Find \/
[2x3] presented below: [3+3+2]
a) Population mean Ensine Failure Time Ene ine Failure Time
b) Mea'r of sampling distribution of mean I 150, 2t3
c) Starrriard error of sampling distribution of mean , 19l 4 27t
9. Past experience shows the following result ofproductivity per hectare with tl.: respective 3 931 l5 197
uses of c,..:mical fertilizers and seeds. Fit the multiple linear regression equr.iion of Y on 4 53t r6 200
Xl and. 2 from the given data: t61
5 Z, l7 262
6 r8 255
zer fX I )- kss 45 30 70 75 65 80
7 83 286
f5 2 1.8 3 2.5 2 3
8 l44t 20 206
vitrrkss (Y) 2000 2loo r 800 t900
9 ' 223 2t t79
10. Define il,glession coefftcient. Mention the properties ofregression coeflicien.. t4I l0 t97 232
ll 87 165
JI,llExplain i,r brief the properties of good estimator. t4l
l2 197 24 155
l2luppo;: ihat thrce drying formula for curing glue are studied and the following times are 25 203 i.l
\-r' observir.. t6I
a) Find Sample mean, sample variance and qample standard deviation. n
Formula me b) Exclude the lowest six data aqd compute (a) again.
A l3 l0 8 ll 8 c) Analysis the results (a) and (b). Draw your conclusion.
l4 **'t
c 4 I 4 2 4
Constn..-t ANOVA table and test for the equality of the mean curing times.
.. oR
A consq,ner group selected independent random samples of supcrmarkets located
through.rut a country for the purposi of comparing the retait prices per pouid of coffee of ,
brands ,,' and B. The results of the investigation are summarized in table below. Does th'..ro /
evidencc indicate that the mean retail price per pound ofbrand A coflbe is significantly
higher thrn the mean retail price per pound of brand B coffee? Use sigrific' 'e level 0.1 .
"
B
64

v
I r | -,., ."1 I | ..1 ) I _t _) I I -r -J'_-t
I-

., , ;1. 04 TRIBHUVANUMVERSITY Exam. Reeular / Back

-.'. .BE' 'Futl
INSTITUTE'OF Ei$GliSiEERrNg' "' L:;eveI Mirks 80
BeEiEIvfE,. -
Ex amin ationl Cddtf oI''DiVi5ion" mme b"rr'tvi"ix, 2
*l' ':
-' i"'' ;'l '- BIE
2068 Bhadra ' Year I Part II/II' Time 3 hrs.

and
,/. Candidates are requiied give thdir answers 1n their own wo-rds as far as practicable.
/ Attempt All questioru.

- / Necesiary tabl€s are attached herewith.

/.Assumisuitabledata.tfneceisary. ' -
'' . : ,..
""L'
,1 l. Aa engineer tested nine samples of each of three designs of a certain forbeariirg a new
electrical winch. The following data are the number of hours it took for each bearing to
fail when the winch moter was mn continuously at maximum output, with a load on the
T

i
winch equivalent 1,9 times the iniended capacity. . l2x3l
A 16 16 53 2l 77 25 30 2l 45
B 18_ 27 34 34 32 19 34 t7 43
C 21, 17 23 32 27 18 2l 28 19

i) Calculate the mean and the median for each group .

ii) Calculate the standard deviation for each group

T 2. Define mutually exclusive and.independent eients with exampl'es. A manufactundf firm -

produces steel pi!.esin ttree plants with daily production volumes of 500, 1000 and 2000
units respectively. According to past experience, it is knorv that the fraction of defective'
output.produced"by the three plants are respectively 0.005, 0.008; 0.010. If a pipe is
sblected from a iiay's total pioduction and found to be defective, find out the proUuUitity
that the pipe might have come from plant II and tII. t6I
3. Define Poisson probability distibution with the condilion for Poisson distribution. A
shipment of 20 digital voice recorders contains 5 that are defeclive. if 10 of them are
randomly chospn for inspeclign, what is the probability that 2 of thp 10 will be iiefective? [4':F6]
OR
Which prbbability distribudon is most likely the afpropriate one to use for following
'variables: Binomial, Poisson?

a) The.dumber of auto passing throw a tollbooth.

61 fne number of ilefei-tive r"dios in a lot of 100.
c) A box cohtains'8 good bulbs and 4 defective bulbs, 3 brribs are drawn at random. Let
' Xprobability
be. the random'variable devotiirg the number of deflective bulbs drawn Find the
distibution of X. WhatLe the mean and variance of it? ' :

4. Write down the for:r important properties of norrnal distibution. t4l

i
OR
Define gamma-disUibution. Write its two applications.
5. If X has a probabitiry dinsity tunCfro;l
----
t6l
f(x) -ke 31 for X > 0 '
'0. ,r.Otherwise .... .

fina: (rL f9-$ilp(0.5 <x S 1)' (i$'The diskibution"flrnction of random variable,x.

oR'"
T" .Pu*i"g time of an experimental'rocket is a random variable having a norm.al
distibution with probability
nrean 4J6 tei='6id standard deviatioii 0.04 sec. What istthe
that this kfuid.of rbcket witi bum.'(i) less than 466 sec, (ii) More than 4.8 sec
(iii) Betwe en 4.7 to 4.8 sec
:
 li
1.1
i

..:
!

Ji t1

i:

!.q. trVhat do.you r4ean by the sampling distribirtion'of sample nlg3n?- . t

,?. A populationconsists;bf 3, 7, t l; 15 , Considir all possible saniples of iize hvo whic.h'can
i1.
,i I

be drawri',vithout replacement from thrs populatiorr. Find: lzx3

. a) Fopulation mean and population standard deviation.
l'
.i U) fvfeanof sampling disiribution of mean.
c) Standard error of sampling distribution of mean.

!. 8. Ten steel rv-ires of diameter 0.5mm and length 2.5m were extended in a la6oratory by
!
' applying.vertieal'forces of,va;yin$ magnitudes. Results are as follows: 'is
Force (ke) .15 19 25 35 42 48 53 s6 62 6s
Incre ase in lengtlr{mrn) 1.7 7.*' 2.5 a-A:..
J.a "3'9,,, ".LT-:>
'5.4 - 5;t 6.6+
,,".1.2
rr
tl
!i
a) Estimate the paraineters of a Simple linear regression model with force as the
explanatory variable.
b) Find 95% confidence limits for the slope of line. n

The following concentration bf pollutants were recorded at eight stations of the

r'
monitoring system'for pollution control lobated in the dorvntown zlrea of Milan, Italy:

NOz(rrslrn3) 130 130 115 120 135 t42 90 116

CO (me/m') 2.9 4.4 3:6 4.1

Detprmine correlation coefficient and. coefficient of determination between the pollutants

3.3 5.7 4.8 7.3
t
.,,' ...-....
' and interpret the result using coefficieut of determination. -- . ' "
-...- --:
f-,
9. Distinguish between correlation and regression. Write down the irnportant pioperties of
correlation coeffrcient and regression coeffi cients. trj
on tlpe I errcir and type II error of test of hypothesis. The mean of two large F
I
10. Discuss
l1
simples of size 1000 and 2000 are 67.5 and 68 respectively. Test thb equality of means of
two population mean with standard deviation 2.5 at 0.01 level of significance. [6]
I
11. The output of three varieties of wheat each grown on 4 plots of land is given below. f-
li
i
Anilyze. the data and setup an ANOVA table. State if the var-rety differences are
:

t
signifibant at cr = 0.05 level. '-t .:: :r; t6l
!
!
Varieties of wheat Yeild toneV hactre n
i
i A 6 7 8
B 5 5 3 7
,4 j".f:.f.,,i
. c.;,. .,.:
.r .',5 , ', 3 4
12. Write down the steps for testing hypothgsis of population for the'large sample size. .l4t
13. A randorir sample of 700 units from a large consignment showed that 200 were damaged.
Find 95%. and 99% confidence limits for the proportion of darnaged unit in the rl
t
consignment. . - [4]
i4. The following measurements were takdn of the horizontai legs x and vertical legi y of
numerous welding joints for steel buildings. The main objective \r/as to. make the lggs
r
egual to 6mm. A part of the results is listed below in millimeiers. lzx4l
x= 5.5 5.0 s.0 6.0 7.0 5.2 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0
'5.5
4.5 6.0 5.5 7.7 7..5 6;0' 5.6 5.0 5.5
6.0 6.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 ' 6.s 6.5 7.0 5.5
y=. 6.5. 6:5 5.5' 7.5 6.0 7.0 5.0 8.0 6.7 '7.8
5.7 | 'b.5 5.5 8.0 8.0 6.3 . 6:0 .6.0 , 6.0 5.5
6.s 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 5.0 6.0 6.5

Find: (i) tX, f,X2, mean of leg X '(ii) IY, ,Y2, mean of leg Y (iii) on, on - r for leg X :1--.': -

' : - /:"i .:', t-" '. -:' ': -

., ,-.,',: *,k* .
-
 .04 TRIBHWAN LINIVERSITY Exam. Reqular / Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
. Exarnination Control Division Programme BCE, BME Pass Marks 32 I
2067 Mangsir Year / Part II/II Time 3 hrs.
-l

and Statistics
,/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Anempt any Seven questions selecting Four from Group A and Three from Growp B.
,/ The figures tn the margin indicate Full Marks.
{ Necessarv qharts are attaclied herewtth.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

Group A
1 a) Discuss the importance and limitation of statistical chart. Write the procedure of
/ construction ofpie chart. tsl
b)--'The following are the annual ma:rimum flows in m3/s in the Colorado river at black
t' canyon for the 1 I year period from 1990 to 2000: t6l
i980 1130 3120 2L2o 1700 2550 8s00 3260 3960 2270 1700
D Compute meanmaximum flow of the 11 years
ii) Compute the variation of flow
theorem aqrlwrite the suitable exalnple. Lsl
b)-.Orders for a computer are summarized by the optional features that are requested as
t' follows: t6l
Proportion of orders
no optional features 0.3
one optional feature 0.5
more than one optional feature 0.2
i) What is the probability that An order requests at least one optional feature?
ii) What is the probability.that an order does not request more than one optional
feature?

3 q}.'Distinguish between probabiliiy mass function and probahility density fuffction with
r' one examPle each. l:' '
isl
b) ,-trn computing work, I must get on a bus near my house and then transfer to second
bus. If the waiting time (in minute) at each bus stop has uniform distribution A : 0
and B : 5. Then it can be shown that my total waiting time Y has probability density
function. t6l
f(x):(1/25)y for0<y<5
= (215)-(i-25) y for 5 < y < 10
i) What is the probability that waiting time is at most three minuteS?
ii) What is the probability that total waiting time is at most 8 minutes? c
4. -4)-'Define the Poisson distribution with suitable example. Discuss the limiting case of
Poissor, distribution as Binomial distribution, tsl
that we are investigating the safety of a dangerous intersection. Past police
,/b),-suppose
records indicate a mean of 5 accidents per month at this intersection. Suppose the
number of aCcidents is distributed according to a Poisson distribution, Calculate the
probability in any month of exactly (i) Zero (ii) More than 1 (iii) P(2 < x < 3), t6l
5. a) Exptain the area property of normal distribution and give the conditions for Binomial
distribution tends to normal distribution. tsl

I
 b) An industrial eng:neer has found that the standard household light bulbs ploduced by
a certain manufaiturer have a useful a mean of
life that is normally distributed with
250 hours and a variance of400' tsl
i) What is the probability that a rand.omiy selected bulb from this production process

,D #l'j?Jffi;',""TLlli:;l;lJ::::i3?i:"1'"';ed burb rrom this production process

rviil have a useful life between 190 and 270 hours?
iii) What is the probability that a randomly selected bulb from this production process
will have a useful life of not exceeding 260 hours?
6. a) Defrne joint marginal probability mass function and joint marginal probability density
fi-rnction for random variables X and Y. t6l
b) If two random variables X and Y have the joint density t5l
f(x. v) = lt -r-i'; 0SX<1. 0<Y<i
Io othswise
Find the
i) marginal probabiiity density function for X
..$y'mean E(X,Y) for X and Y

Group B
i. a)' What are the criteria for the best estimator? Find the marimum likelihood estimator
for the function i(x) : 1;i'. t6l
b) The breaking strength of yarn useci in manuiacturing drapery material is required to
be at least 100 psi. Past experience has indicated that breaking strength is normaliy
distributed and thar o = 2 psi. A randorn sampie of mne specimens is testeci, and the
average breaking strength is found to be 98 psi. Find a 95o,/o nvo-sided confidence
interval for the true mean breaking strength and infer the result. t6l
s. a) Explain the foilorving Ierms in cennection with testing of hypothesis: t6l
i) nuli h-rpothesis ii) altemate hypothesis iii) cridcal region
b) A sample of heights of 6,400 Englishrnen has a mean of 67.85 inches and standard
deviation of 2.56 inches, while sample heights of 1600 Austrians has a mean,of 68.55
inches and standard deviation of 2.52 incheS. Do the data indicate that Austrians are
on an average taller than Englishmen'7 Test the hypo.thesis at 50% level of signiiicance. t6l
9 a) Describe briefly rhe procedure of t-test for the ciifference of means, r5l
b) A stud-v shows that 1l r,vorkers using Design A have a mean assembi.v drre of 300
seconds r.vith standard deviation of 12 seconds and that 15 u,crkers using Design B
have mean and standard deviation of 335 and 15 seconds respectiveili. Test q,hether
asst;r:bl-v time tbr Design A is less than that for Design B at 5Yo ievei oisignificance. l5j
l rJ a) -;lVhat is the linear regression anail'sis? Wrire the applicaticn of regression anailrsis in
'" engineenng field, sllpporting your Iogic with one suitable example .
t6l
b) An article in the Journal of Environmentai Engineeing (\;-ol. 11-i, No. 3, i989,
pp. 508-519) reported the results of a snrd;r on the occurrence of sodium and chloride
in *.urface strearils in centai Rhode island. Tiie ibiiowing data are chloriiie
concentration y (in miiligrams per liter) anci roadr.ray area in the rvatershed x (in
percentage). t6l -t
1-l
-{ -.4 6.6 9.7 10.5 i 0.8 10.9 i r.8 'r2.\
Y n tq 0.57 0.70 A.5 t- 0.53 LT.4I 0.70
Find the correiation coelficient and coefficienr of cietermination of given data and
drar,v vour conclusion.
*+*

:
 T-uil Mry:t- 80
04 TzuBHUVAN UNIVERSITY LeveI BE
' xsrrtuir oF ENGINEERING Marks )L
Pass
BCE. BME
hrs.
g*^#"rtion C ontrol Division Yesr / Part Il/Ii Time -r

2055 Magh
and Statrstrcs

GrouP 'd
media^Ti mode' in a set oi I0
mean' t6l
Discuss the significant
differences lt]Y*
*t"''"" is suitabie and
why?
a) rvhich t"ni'"J
data, one of them #:;';*h'
1
3

b)rhep.?,::*:,'f"rl"ilJ;1ff,H"#:,H::H"I"'""tI'ff
arv: .Te^' "?d"iilJ"'#rso [st
standard devrauons -lj-to"
wo samp:s'
:ffffi ilv io*ui"i"g the L6l
theorem'
2. a) State and Prove BaYels the two vacancres in the
same Post'
in an intervierv for selectlon is
What
1/5.
b) A husband and wife aPPear is I/7 and that of wife's
J Th"ProbabilitY i'ii*[I"a" selection 'L5l

that
is the ProbabilitY
none ofthem will
i\ be selected
rvil1 be seiected
ii) onl,v one oithem
uI) bom of them will
be selecred variabie X has
for a random vanabre
x. A random t6l
mass function
3. a) Def,rne ProbabilitY
funcnon:
following Prob abilitY
the 4 5 6 7
1
1
0
2K /-t! JK
K
P(x)
P(X > 1)
P(i < ){ < 6)
iii) t5l
Finci: t) K ir)
a'random vaiable
X is given bY
,lensitY of
b) tf the ProbabilitY
Ix for0<x<1
I

f(x)={z-x for "1'?

Ii o othenvrse:
obiainthecorrespondingcumulativeciistnbutionfunctionandcompure
x < t'2) ii) P(;{ > 0'5)
i) P(0'6 <
i5l
4a)Wntesimilarities.arrrldissimilaritiesbetlveenBinomiaidisuibutionandNegrtive

.?:l ll i o " * * "" ;J

b ) S up o o,
:,:i:,,,x3 1T.t
:,H ;:ill
l=".T.;::1
a'[er ;oeurs'^^*'--
ll t5I
',r,it[in 4 d'lys ""'i"'il of thP
;;;iio caiiforoia i5- .:^^^. of
pieces ^r mnii arrive .vithin + days
mail z

that at ieast
i) fino tt'" p''-o-UuUifit-v pnli 36ive later than 4 da-vs
ailer
maiiing date. -
10 or tt..rer pieces of
iii Find the Probabiliry- that
distriburion. write the propenies
and standarri Normar t5j
, ", .";::H'l-jTdistribution
oiNormai disrnbuuon'
I
 a randomly selected
", a)
6. Arestaurant serves three fixed price dinners costing 57, $9 and $10. For
.orpt" dining at this resta'rrant, ler X: the cost of the man's dinner, Y'- the cost of woman's
dinner. The joint p.m.f. of X and Y is given in the following table: t5l

P(x,v)
9 10
7 0.05 0.05 0.10
x 9 0.05 0.0 i 0.3 5
i0 0.00 0.20 0.r0
i) Compute the marginal probability mass funotions of.X and Y'
ii) What is the expected total cost of rhe dinner for the trvo people?
iii) Are X and Y indePendent?

b) Each front tire on a particular woe of automobile is supposed to be t'illed to a pressure of 26Y.
Suppose the actual air pressure in each tire is a random variable X for the right tire and Y for
the left tire wrth joint p.d.f. t6l

. [r(x'+yt),
f(s, Y) = i
20<x<30, 2osy<30
L 0 othen^'ise

i) \Vtrat is the value of K?

ii) What is the probabiliqv that both tires are under-t-rlled?
iii).What is the probability that the difference in air pressure berween the nvo tires is at most
2 p.s.i.?
. Group B
7 a) Expiain the terms : (i) the standard error of estimate and the sarnple size (ii) point estimation
and interval estimation (iii) confidence level and significance Ievei. t6l
b) Find the maximum likelihood estimator for p and o2 fro-m a norma!* distribution
'-
f(x;tr, o'1 =-l:elt'-u)"ao!; -co<*.'-..r - ': t6l
a^l ln

8 a) What is a statistical hypothesis? Discuss the steps involved in testing u iypotf,.rir. t6l
b) .A television manufacturer claims that at most 250 microamperes ol .utgnf are needed to
attain a certain brightness level with a particular type of set. A sample of ?0 sets yeilds a
sample average ! = 2Sl .5.. Let p denote the true average current necessary to achieve the
, d:r-".{ U1$tneis with sets of this tvpe and assume that p is the mean of normal population
rvith o' : I'5. I6l
i) Test at lbvel q, = 0.05 the null hypothesis that p is at most 250 against the appropriate
alternative.
ii) If p : 260, rvhat is the probabilrt-v
9f type II error?
9. a) Distinguish between large sample and small iample tests of significance. Also list the
assumptions made for large sample tests. t6l
-
b) A study was conducted investigate the effect of two diets on the weieht gain of a
to
l4-year old children suffering tiom malnutrition. Ten chiidren *ere subject to diet X and nine
to diet Y. The gain in rveight over a nine month period are sho'"vn in the table belorv: t6l
Diet X 14.0 r 1.2 12.5 I5.0 I0.2 22.0 9.8 13.0 10.5 9.6
Diet Y t4.4 l 1.6 I8.2 12.8 r 9,5 Ii.l 21.2 l i.3 15.3

Use the data to determine if there is evidence to indicate a difference betrveen the mean gain
in weight for children fed on:two diets. (use o, = 0.05)
10. a) Write dorvn the properties of correlation coefficient r and discuss the application of it in
engineering fieid. i6l
b) The follou,ingtable shorvs the ages x and s-vstolic B.P. y of i2 women. Determine the least
squares regession line of v on x. Estimatethe BP-ef n wornAi: wh6<a6oa rt.l:.year. t61

Aee (x) 56 42 72 36 6i 47 55 49 38 42 68. 60 -

BP (rJ 'I da
125 160 1r8 149 izr) r:0 ' I .t_s r 1-\ r40 r )1, is5
 04 TRtsHWANI,JNIVERSITY Exam. Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
.
. Examination Control Division Programme BCE,BME Pass Marks 32
2066 Kartik Year / Part tIltr Time 3 hrs.

- Probabili and Statistics

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
:
/ Attempt any W.questions selecting Fpurfrom Grouo A dnd Threefrom Grouo B.
'/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
/ Necessarv tatiles are attached herewith:;
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.
:..!.

l. a) What are the sources of statistical of diagrammatical and

graphical representation of these ,) ..< tsl i

b) The following are some of the weights of boys and girls in a

,t\;
class: t6l
i

Boys Girls
No. of Students 100 50
Mean weisht 50 ke 45 ke
Variance 9 4 I

D Find_ the mean and standarddeviation of combined data. I

-ii) Which of the two distibutions is more variable? I

2. a) ,St{e the axioms of probability. Define with examples the conditional probabilities and
t5l
b)- State Baye's theorem. A test shoris thifi99%'of time if'one has plague virus and shows
positive l0% of time it has no virus. Assume that only l% of the population has virus. t6l I
I

i) What is the probability that the test will show positive? j

ii) If a randomly selected person is tested and the result is pesitive, wliat is the probability
that the person has the virus?
3. a) Define the discrete and continuous random- variables and their corresponding probabilities
distributions with examples. tsl
b) A computer store has purchased 3 computers ofa certain type at $500 apiece to sell at $1000
apiece. The manufacturer has agreed to repurchase any unsold computers at the end oftwo-
month period at $200 apiece. Let X = the number of computers sold and has the p.m.f. as
follows: t6l
x 0 I 2 t
p(x) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Compute: (i) mean sell (ii) variance of the sell (iii) *re expected profit.
4. a) Define the binomial experiment and the binomial probabiliry distribution of a discrete random
variable X. State the basic differences of this distribution with the hyper geometric and
negative binomial distribution. t5l
b) LetacontinuousrandomvariableXbedefinedby f(x)={ztt-xl' :-,=*:1 t6l
L 0 , otherwise
Show that (x) is the probability distribution function of x.

Also compute: (i) the density function f(x) (ii) P(0.25 < x < 0.5) (iii) the mean F
5. a) Define the normal distribution. Describe in brief its characteristics and applications. t5]
b) Suppose that the: pH of soil sa4ples taken from a certain geographic region is normally
distributed with mean pH 6.0 and stalrdard deviation 0.10. If the pH of a randomly selected
soil sample from this region is determined t6l
i) What is the probability that the resulting pH is between 5.90 and 6. I 5?
ii) What is the probability thatthe resulting pH exceeds 6.10?
iii) What is the probability that the resulting pH is at most 5.95?
 I
-
I
I
I

6. a) A restaurant serves three fixed pricetinners costing $7, $9 and $10. For a randomly selected
-l
I

."rpl" Ji"irrg at this restaurant, let X = the cost of the man's dinner, Y = the cost of woman's
;i;".. The joint p'm.f. of X and Y is given in the following table: tsl

P(x,y)
7
7
0.05
9
0.0s
l0
0.10
-! !

x 9 0.05 0.01 0.3s

'0.10
10 0.00 0.20

i) Compute the marginal probability mass functions of X and Y.

ii) Whai is the expected total cost of the dinner for the two people?
iii) Are X and Y indePendent?

b) Each front tire on a particular type of automobile is supposed to be frlled to a pressure of 26Y.
Suppose the actual air pressure in each tire is a random variable X for the right tire and Y for
the left tire with joint p.d.f. t6l

f(x,y) =
r') 20Sx<30,20Sy<30
{rt*'o* otlrerwise

D What is the value of K?

ii) What is the probability that both tires are under-filled?
iii). What is the probability that the difference in air pressure between the two tires is at most
2 p.s.i.?
Grotp B
7. a) Explain the terms : (i) the standard-error of estimate and the sample size (ii) point estimation I
!
i
and interval estimation (iii) confrdence level and significance level. t6l
b) Find the maximum likelihood estimator for p and o2 f.o. a normal-
:- .1.
distribution -
. ._

..:
=#^ a-(x-F)24o2; :@<xa.*..-.-'.,^
I

f(x;p,o2) - t6l I

8j a) What is a statistical hypothesis? Discuss the steps involved in testing ahypotlresis t6l
I

b) A television manufacturer claims that at most 250 microamperes bf cuftdnJ are needed to I

attain a certain brightness level with a particular type of set. A sample of ZO sets yeilds a
samlile average *.=257.3, Let p denote thq true average current necessary to achieve the
desired brightness with sets of this type and assume that p is the mean of normal population
with o': 15. t6l
i) Test at level c = 0.0i the null hypothesis that p is at most 250 against the appropriate
alternative.
ii) If p = 260, what is the probability of type II error?
9. a) Distinguish between large sample and small sa*pte tests of significance. Also list the
i. assumptions made for large sample tests. t6l
i:
l.
b) A study was conducted to
investigate the effect of" two diets on the weight gain of a i

ll-year old children suffering from malnutrition. Ten children were subject to diet X and nine
to diet Y. The gain in weight over a nine month period are shown in the table below: t6l
i
DietX 14.0 tr.2 12.5 l5.0 t0.2 22.0 9.8 13.0 10.5 9.6 -
DietY 14.4 I 1.6 18.2 12.8 19.5 l3.l 2t.2 11.3 15.3

Use the data to determin"e if there is evidence to indicate a difference between the. mean gain I

in weight for children fed on two diets. (use o = 0.05)

{
10. a) Write down the properties of correlation coeffrcient r and discuss the application of it in
engineering field. t6l I
A
b) The following table shows the ages x and systolic B.P. y of 12 women. Determine the least
squares regression line of y on x. Estimate the BP cf a woman wh6s6 5gc is a5 year. t5l

L-
Age (x)
BP (v)
56
147
42
125
72
160
36
118
63
149
47
l ao
LLO
55
150
49
145
38
ir5
42
140
68.
152
50
155
I
Tt
p ,f **
.T+: II
1

I
[.
 04 TRIBHUYAN UNTVERSITY Exrrn. Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE, BME Pass lHsrks 32

2065 Ka'rtik Year / Part tr/n Time 3 hrs.

Subjecl: - Probabiiiry and Statistics

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Anempt any Seven questions selecting Four from Group A.ond Tlree from @oup B-
L { Thefigures in the margin indtcate FulI Marks.
.e -l: '-

:, / Assume suitable data if necessary'

Group A :

r, 1. a) Point out limitations of statistics. Explain how statistics is liable to be misused and
how can the wrong uses of statistics be avoided? isl
t-
b) from two manufactures, A and.,B'are tested'by a
prg-stnrcture 3qd thc t6l
Bursting Pressure (lb 5-9 10-14 15-19 20:24' 25-29 30-14
Number of A 2 9 29 54 11 5
bags B 9 11 i8 32 27 13

Which set of bags has uniform pressr.:re? If prices are same which manufacture's bags
would.be preferred by the buyers? t.

2. a) State and prove Baye:s theorem of probabiiity. tsl

b) A university has to select 4s slrrniner from a list of 50 persons: 20 of them are
women and 30 men; 10 of thern know Nepali and 40 not; 15 of thsrn are teachers and
35 not. What is the probability that a Nepali knowing woman teacher is selectetl by
the university? t6l
3. a) Ditferentiate discrete and continuous r'andom variables with relevant exa:nples.. isl
b) l&rtrat do you mean by probability distribution of a discrete random variable? Three
defective items are mixed with seven good ones. Three items are drawn at random-
Find the probabiiity distribution of number of defective items. Aiso, find the mean
and variance of the distribution t6l
4. a) Define negative binomial diskibution and state condition of applicability for it. How
does negative binomial diskibution difier from binomial distribution? tsl
b) The probabitity that an individual suffers from a bad reaction from L particular
injection is 0.001. Find the probabiliry that out of 1500 individual.s (i) exactly two
(ii) none (iii) at least one (iv) at most two will suffer from a bad.reaction. i6j
5. a) Define normal distribution for a continuous random variable. Discuss the area
propelty and importance of the normal curye. . tsl
b) A corporation installs i0000 electric lamps in the street of a city. If these lamps have
an average iife,>i 1850 i;.rrning ilours u'ith a standerd deyiation of 200 hours, what
number of lamps may be expected to burn for (i) more than 2000 hours (ii) less than
1600 hours (ii) between 1540 and 1800 hours? t6I
 5 a) The number of a group of 10,000 persons was found to be normally distributed with
mean Rs. 1501- pet month and standarc deviation Rs. 50i-. Find (i) the n'rmber of
persons with income less than Rs. 700/- per month (ii) the number of persons with
iricome betwean Ri. 700/- and Rs. 800/i per month.
b) At a certain examination, 1004 of the sdidents who apptared for the plper in statistics ,

get less than 30 marks and 97Yo of the i;tudents got less than 62 marks. Assuming the
disuibution to be normal, find the meanand stan&ad aeviatfn ofthe distribution.
'---.' ------ =
b) If trvo random variable X and.Y have, for X : x and Y : y, then joint probabilify
1"i
densr'ty f,rnction. f(x, y) = ----; fgr 1"S x <.cr and l/x < y < x
Zx"y ':
r i '-i$ii..
DeriveilffitAistribution of X and Y. Further obtain the conditional distribution of
Y for X : x and also that of X given Y : y.
Group B
7. a) Define point estimate and interval estimate with suilable.exhinples.
b) It has been estirnated by cable companies that 60Yo oiall Nepalese households are
wired to:receive cable T.V. You would like to test this claim within 5% error and 99olo
levei of confidence. How large a sample would you requiie?
8. a) An education claims that the'avelage LQ. of a city college students is at most i 10 and
that in a studymade to test this claim 150 coilege students; selected at randour, had an
average I.Q. of lJ1.2 with a standard d=viation of 7.2- Use a level of sisrificance of
.f .s
0.0i-to-test the claim of education. .

b) In random'sa:rrple of 1000 persons from town A,40o/o were found to be consumer of

t
rice. In another random sample of l00Qpersons from town B, 50olo rvere found to be
-4 consumers of rice. Do these data revlajla significant difference in the proportion.of
"lr1 rice comumers in these two towns?
9: a) Two types of batteries are tested for their length of life and the following data are
o-otained.
Ntl,'of samples I lvlean life in hrs: , Variance
TypeA ,t27
Tvbe B 8 'l 144

b)

dala below, can you conclude that the productivity has indeed changed due to music.
Employee 1 2 3 4 5 6 I
I

Week without music 2r9 205 226 198 209 216 I

Week with music 235 186 240 203 22t 205

10. a) Define regression lines. Write about the properties of regression coefficients.
b) The production supervisor of a Brigham Container Company is convinced of the need
to assign sEenuous jobs - according to age. He randomly selected 10 rvorkers and
measure the amount of time they were able to maintain a strenuous loading capacify.
Strenuous runutes 2 7 5 10 A A
8 6 )
Age in yrs 42 27 36 25 22 39 19 19 J) 30
_ D Develop the equation which describes the best relationship betrveen age and
physical stamina.
ii) Horv long might a 30 years old man be expected to maintain strenuous physical
activity.
 04 TRIBHWAN LINIVERSIT"T Exam. ular/Bick
hTS TITUTE OF ENGIIIEERING Level BE FuIl iVlarks 80
- Examination Control Division Programme BCE, BME Pass ilfarks- 32
2065 Chaitra Year / Part II/tr Tine 3 hrs.

Subject: - and Statistics

---...-.:{,Candidatesarerequiredtogive.their.anslversintheirorynwordsasfaraspracticab1e.
{ Attempt any Seven questions selecting Four yom Group B.
/ eU questions carry equal marks.
/ Necessarv^ figures are attached herewith-
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

Group A
- ----'1.--a) -An analysis of the monthly'wages paid to 15 Delonglng to
=l
the same indtistry gives the following rdsult.

Firm A FirmB
No. ofworkers 160' 150
Average wage 260 275
Varianc e of wage'disributor tzt
Calculate the mean
.'
b) The lives of two models of refrigerators in a recart,survey are

Life [No. of ws) a-2' - 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 7'A-p

Model X 5 16
n
i3 7 -
A

Model Y 2 12 19 9 I ' \i

2. a) State and proof Bayes' theorem'

d i^rd t51-1.: <-rs-*1e-i{ 6-'L-i n>{
b) A factory produces a certain type of output by three machines respecting. Daily
production figures are Machine X : 1500 units; Machine Y : 3000 units; Machine Z :
4500 units. Past experiences show that 1.59lo of the output produced by lvlachine X,
TYo of the output produced by Machine Y and 2.2o/o produced by Machine Z a:.e
defective. An item is drawn at landom, what is the probability that it comes from the

3a) A die is thrown 6 times. If getting an odd number is a success. \Yhat is the probabitty
of getting (i) 5 successes (ii) at least'5 successes (iii) at mgst 5 successes?
A manufacture f,rncis that the average dernand per day for the mechanics to repair his
P nerv product is 1.5 .over a period of one year and demand per day is distribirted as
Poisson variate. He employs two mechanics. In horv many da.,-s in one year (i) both
the mechanics would be free (ii) some demand is refused.

4- a) A continuous random variabie X has tlie probability density function f(x) : A + Bx;
0 < x < i. If the mean of the distribution is %; frnd A and B.

b) A continuous dish-ibution bf a variable X is defined by

.1
f(x) =-(3+x)'; -3<x<-1
lo
= I1o -zx,); -1< x < 1
16'
.-_--__l ._ -- __- -. -
=;(, - x)';- 1 <x-<3

i) \reij-iy ihai 'ire ;:*.'.nder ile curve is urity.

ii) Find the mean and variance of the above diskibution.
 a) ijri'inr tlie jc,ii-rt pLoLui:iiii; rl;.rss ittirction anti i:iar:iir:;,i pr:oi;abiilti' f'urtctio:r icr ri bii,li iuie
, cl istr ibutio n. irl
b) Let X tlenote tlie reaction time in secottds, to a certain stirnulant ancl Y denote the temperature
("F) at lvhiclr e cerlain reaction starts to talte place. Sup.pose that two ranclom variable X and
'\' hi.'..e the joint ciensity. t6l
4x,..........0 < x < l:0 < y < I
f (;t. y) =
t
0.:............E lsewhere

)2.rlrl Fincl i) P(0sX<+andfsYsf) -;

'242't
ii) P(x<Y)

/l1 ,
Grouo B
,
'yr' il<.Explain, witlr illLrstrations. the concept of (i) Point estirnation and (ii) Intervalestiination. t6l
b) In 3 9 so il
sarnp les. tested for trace e lements, the average amount of copper was found to be 22
. rnilligrams, with a starrdard deviation of 4 milligrams. Find a 90Yo,95%o and 99?'o corrt'idence
6 inten'ai for the true rnean copper content in the soils from rvhich these samples were taken. t5l
8. a) Explain the follorving ternrs: (Z
\.- l,oS \t, ij,t. .q,';, i t i21,2 f 5,2t.-t
*"i
i6l
i) Sntistic and parameter
1

', i29.15t9, 2a.)i,;;1,"

ii) Level of significance
iii) Critical region
i

b) A rnachirre shop is irlterested in determining a measure of ttrre current year's sales revenue in
I
!
I
order to compare it with known results frorn last year. Frorn the 9682 sales invoices for the.
current year to date, the management randomly selected invoices arrd from each recorded x,
the sales revenue per invoice. Using the following dala summary, test the lrypotlresis tl{at the
nreuu revenue per invoice is $6.35, the same as last 1'ear, versus tlre alternative hypothesis that,
the n',ean revenue per invoice is different from $6.35, rvjtli n = 400, cr 0.05. t6l
=
Duta Surnmary:
400 400
n='100 I*, =$2464.40 I*i =16,156.728
i=l i=l

Explain the assurnption of t test, distinguish clearly between large sample and small sample
7 test ofsignificance. t6l
b) To irrvestigate a ,possibie "built-int' sex bias in a graduate school entrance examination, 50
nrale and 50 fernale graduate str.rdents'wlro were rated as above average graduatestudents by
15 their professors were selecteci to participate in the study by actually taking this test. Their test.
results on this exarnination are summarized in the follorving table. t6l
lVlales Females
A
,irlr1'r-'ilh) 720 693
,,,, '
S- t01 85
Z !. ?."fJ
n 50 50 ?tu -- "f i;,/i
Dur Il-rese'Uata'indicate that males rvill, on the average, score higher tharr females of ih"'sarne
,L, abililron.this exani? t,se tr = 0.05. ,
\ i,{J. El - I <ys t.
Prove tliat ilre K a.rl Pearso n's coeff'ic ient of correlatior, canuot exceecl tlre tiin its t6l
b) The Report "refuse derived fuel evaluation in an Indr.rstrial Spreader - Stuker Boiler" reported
the accotnpanying data on x = 0Z refuse derived fuel (RDF) heat input and Y = ?ir efficiency
ior certain boilei. t6l
6
i,fiF --- x 31 30 48 29 LI t6 0 20
,/y 7S0 7i.? '14,.4 17 .7 i 6.9 79.0 82.t 7 6.5

tL Obtain the equation of'the estimated regression line. Estirnate the true o/o
efficier,cy rvhen ?ir
RDF lreat inpLrt is 25. 71 ];
_-tu