DEM 9114

COMPONENTS OF THE M&E

FRAMEWORK
Acknowledgement
• Some content adapted from:

 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)

(2008). 2008 report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Geneva (Switzerland): UNAIDS

 USAID

Anduamlak Meharie
Content
Introduction
Understanding project logic
Goal and Objectives
Inputs; Activities; Outputs; Outcomes; &
Impacts
Indicators
Introduction
• M&E Framework is the backbone
• Frameworks hold together all the
components of M&E
• Frameworks include:
 Results Framework
Logic Models
Logical Frameworks
• Comprise about 7 components
• Preamble is to understand Project Logic
 What is a Project Logic?

Also known as Program theory

Cont’d
• Theory in this sense does not really mean a ‘theory’ as
understood in social science

• Means the logic of the program;

 Consisting statements that describe the program;

 Under what conditions the program effects occur;
 forecast the outcomes of the program;
 And stipulate the requirements necessary to generate the
anticipated program effects.
Cont’d
• Program Theory is……

“…..list of the components of a project presented in their

cause-effect relationship order or sequence”

“….. set of assumptions or hypotheses that program

proponents have about why the program will work, or
about why it is a good solution to an identified problem”
 If-then Logic

Source: Görgens, 2010

8
 Levels in the Project Logic
6. Impact/Goal
5. Objectives
4. Outcomes
3. Outputs
2. Activities
1. Inputs

These plus indicators constitute the key M&E

framework components
 Goals
• A goal simply put is a target, the mark you
have set to reach, the state you want to be
in.
• Goals can be long term or short term.
• Long term goals are equivalent to impacts.
Intermediate goals can be equated to
outcomes
 Goal cont’d
• Technically speaking (that is, in
M&E), goal refers to the overall
condition which the project is
meant to contribute to, i.e. the
impact.
–The goal provides the justification
for expending resources in a project
 Objectives
• What is an objective?
Is a statement of intent.
It is expressed in terms of what the
project intends to do and achieve
It is a statement of purposeful action.
 What is an OBJECTIVE?

OBJECTIVES

GOAL Activities

• How the results of your short-term program

activities contribute to the big goal.

• Several objectives can relate to the same goal.

 SMART Objectives
• For a statement of objective to be useful
for the purposes of M&E it must be
SMART:
–S Specific
–M Measurable
–A Attainable
–R Relevant
–T Time-bound
Clear, well-written objectives
make your M&E easier!
 Specific

• Single focus or result

• No overlap with other objectives

 What do I want to accomplish?

 With whom?
 Where?
 When?
 Measurable

• Can it be quantified or measured?

 How much?
 How many?
 How will I know when it is accomplished?
 Attainable

• Can we really do this?

• Is this achievable and easy to put into action?

• Considers limits such as resources, personnel,

cost, and time frame.
 Relevant

• Does this connect to the larger goal?

• Does this seem worthwhile?

• How important is this objective to our work?

 Time-bound

• This is the objective’s “due date.”

• When do we expect the change to happen?

• Keeps activities on track and moving.

 How SMART Is This?

• Conduct World TB Day events to raise awareness

of TB.

• To Conduct two celebrity rallies on World TB Day

2018 to promote awareness of a national TB
hotline and website.
 Objectives Are ACTION!

• Increase • Collect
• Decrease • Launch
• Create • Build
• Streamline • Change
• Recruit • Reduce
• Train • Acquire
• Develop • Distribute
• Facilitate • Produce
• Design • Invite
Writing Objectives
For/ How Many
Verb What By
With Whom How Much
Increase Knowledge Population From: Baseline Due date
Decrease Attitudes Participants To: Target
Strengthen Skills Client By:
Prevent Behavior Individual ____________
Reduce Condition Family Actual #
Improve Providers
Develop Leaders
Community

Example:
Increase % of DOTS From From 5% to By 2014
referrals primary 20%
caregivers
Cont’d

Monitoring and Evaluation Plans | Slide 23

 Inputs
Input refer to the resources that are
required and used in carrying out
activities
 Types of inputs/resources
1. Human (persons, knowledge and
skills)
2. Finance
3. Equipment and technology
4. Natural resources
5. Buildings and other infrastructure
 Activities
• What are activities?
Actions that require to be executed
(what must be done) in order to achieve
outputs
In other documents, activities are
referred to as processes
 Outputs:
These are the direct products (goods
and services) that a project delivers as
a result of carrying out its activities.
 HIV counseling sessions completed
 The people served
 Condoms distributed
 Registers
 Presentation slides
 Outcomes:
These are the changes in the
performance, behaviour or
resource status of the project
target
These changes in the target’s behaviour
show after and as a consequence of
consuming the project services or
outputs
 Note: Outcomes are the operational
reason or purpose for a project.

Further note that:

• They may not be wholly the result of the
project
• They are a product of project outputs
interacting with the target and its
environment (social, economic, political,
personal/psychological, etc)
 Impacts:

are long term changes.

They are the ultimate (desired)
state or condition, the improved
situation towards which the
project is making a contribution.
Cont’d
As noted earlier, the term impact is
sometimes interchanged with the word
“goal”- where we want to reach or be.

 Note that:
– Impacts are long term
– Projects can only make a contribution to
the achievement of impacts
Summary
 Indicators
• Def: Is an objective marker
measuring (or indicating) that
progress is being made towards the
aims/objectives of a piece of work, i.e.
project
 Example
• Organisation
Southern Africa HIV/AIDS Information
Dissemination Service (SAfAIDS)
• Project Name
“Changing the Rivers Flow Project (2008-2011)”
• Goal
“The project is expected to increase gender equality
and significantly lower or eradicate gender based
violence in those communities where interventions
will take place.”
Example Cont’d
• Objectives
– Strengthen the capacity of at least 35 gender-based violence (GBV)
organisations in southern Africa to address GBV and its linkages to
Culture, women’s rights and HIV/ AIDS
– Strengthen the capacity of selected 180 communities in at least 9
countries in Southern Africa to redress gender inequalities that
marginalize women and girls to reduce GBV through community driven
strategies.
– Strengthen advocacy and monitoring initiatives that will influence policy
and practice on gender equality and gender-based violence at regional,
national and community level.
– Document and share at least 18 community best practices that challenge
gender dynamics in a cultural context to address GBV.
Example Cont’d
• Inputs
– Infrastructure
– Human Resource
– Financial Resources
– Training Venues and materials
– Equipment
– Time
Example Cont’d
Objective 1
Activities
– Partner Identification and consultative meeting
– Conduct a Survey on evidence based Linkages between Gender-
based violence, Culture, women’s rights and HIV/AIDS
– Develop Capacity building Materials
– Conduct Training for GBV service providers on the linkages
between GBV, Culture, Women’s rights and HIV/AIDS.
– Organize a 3-day Regional Conference on Linking GBV, Culture,
Women’s rights and HIV/AIDS
Example Cont’d
Activities (1)
Outputs
• Partners Identified
• Consultative Meetings held
• Partners Who attended
• Surveys conducted
• Training Manuals Produced (type)
• Toolkits for community workers produced
• Documentary videos produced
• IEC materials produced and printed (type)
• IEC materials distributed
• CBVs trained
• Policy makers attending the workshop
Example Cont’d
Objective 2
Activities
- Sensitize traditional leadership
- Support partners to conduct community dialogues
- Partners develop and distribute GBV/HIV related
materials for dissemination at community level
- Support partners to conduct community events i.e galas
- Support selected partners to use mass media including
radio and performing arts to disseminate GBV and
HIV/AIDS information
Example Cont’d
Activities (2)
Outputs
• Sensitization meetings held
• Rounds of community dialogues held.
• Different types of IEC materials developed.
• IEC materials on GBV/HIV distributed
• Different community events held
 Example
• Organisation
Agents of Change Foundation
Project Name
?
• Goal
“The goal of the project is to raise awareness of sexual
reproductive health rights among young girls aged 12 to 22
years and promote access to sexual reproductive health
services between the periods of 2018 to 2020.”
Example Cont’d
• Objectives
- To increase Sexual Reproductive Health and
Rights awareness in different communities on all
these issues
- To contribute to the achievement of SDGs
- To promote access to sexual reproductive health
services
- To reduce adolescent girl pregnancies and
marriages
END