ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

1. When using any instrument for measurement or testing an electrical circuit, your should be
considered first
A. personal safety B. theoretical knowledge
C. surrounding D. dress

2. The resolution of an indicating instrument is

A. the smallest change in the output reading due to drifting of pointer
B. the smallest change in applied stimulus that will indicate a detectable change in
deflection
C. the difference between various readings for the same applied stimulus
D. the difference between various readings for the difference applied stimulus

3. What should be the accuracy classes of industrial measuring instruments?

A. Accuracy classes 1.0, 0.2 and 0.5
B. Accuracy classes 0.5, and 1
C. Accuracy classes 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5 and 5
D. Accuracy classes 1.0, 1.5, 2.5 and 5

4. What is the purpose of providing a mirror behind the pointer in measuring instruments?
A. The scale is illuminated through the mirror
B. With the help of the mirror it can be seen whether the pointer is bent or not
C. The mirror is semi-transparent so as to allow the observation of the interior of the instrument
D. Reading errors due to inclined observation are eliminated by removing parallax
between the pointer and its image in the mirror

5. Which of the following statements about the internal resistance of measuring instruments is true?
A. The internal resistance of ammeters should be very small and that of voltmeters
very high
B. The internal resistance of ammeters should be very high and that of voltmeters very small
C. The internal resistance of ammeters and voltmeters should be very small
D. The internal resistance of ammeters and voltmeters should be very high

6. Meter accuracy is determined by

A. half-scale deflection B. full-scale deflection
C. one-fourth of full-scale deflection D. one-tenth of full-scale deflection

7. The reliability of an instrument means

A. the life of the instrument
B. the extent which the characteristics remain linear
C. degree to which repeatability continues to remain with specific limits
D. all of these

8. Threshold of sensitivity with respect to instruments is

A. the maximum signal which can be measured
B. the value of sensitivity on the highest scale
C. the value of sensitivity on the lowest scale
D. the smallest signal that results in a detectable output

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9. Sensitivity inaccuracy of a recording instrument means

A. the amount of input required to produce unit pen deflection
B. the smallest signal required to produce detectable output
C. the maximum error in sensitivity displayed by a pen
D. degree to which the instrument is not sensitive enough to repeat readings

10. On which of the following factors the sensitivity inaccuracy of an instrument does not depend?
A. hysteresis or dead bond B. amplitude distortion
C. frequency response D. all of these

11. Damping provides

A. braking action on a meter pointer B. good accuracy
C. starting torque on the meter pointer D. counter torque to deflection torque

12. In moving-coil meters, damping is provided by

A. the aluminum frame B. damping vane
C. damping vane in an air tight chamber D. none of these

13. Moving coil instruments are used

A. in ac circuits only B. both in ac and dc circuits
C. in dc circuits only D. for measuring voltage only

14. To reduce the effect of a voltmeter upon the circuit under test, we should
A. decrease the multiplier resistance
B. get an instrument with a higher internal resistance
C. use a parallel resistor
D. use an ac meter with rectifier

15. To increase the range of a voltmeter

A. a low resistance is connected in series
B. a low resistance is connected in parallel
C. a high resistance is connected in series
D. a high resistance is connected in parallel

16. What is the function of the zero-adjust control in a multimeter?

A. It serves to conduct the current.
B. With this control, the sensitivity of the meter can be changed.
C. The zero point is corrected with the help of this control.
D. The moving parts can be tightened to the casing with the help of this control-screw

17. If moving-iron type ammeter is connected to a circuit, and we interchange its connection, then
A. it will give no deflection
B. its reading will not change
C. it will deflect in the opposite direction
D. it will burn out

18. Which of the following damping methods is common in moving coil instruments?
A. air damping B. fluid damping
C. spring damping D. eddy-current damping

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19. The main reason for using springs in a measuring instrument is

A. to conduct the current to the coils
B. to hold the pivot in position
C. to control the pointer movement
D. to minimize the vibration of the pointer

20. A moving-iron type instrument has

A. a linear scale (uniform scale)
B. a nonlinear scale
C. its deflection directly proportional to the current
D. its deflection directly proportional to the voltage

21. In moving-coil instruments, the scale used is

A. nonlinear scale B. linear scale
C. square law scale D. log scale

22. Two meters X and Y require 40 mA and 50 mA, respectively, to give full scale deflection, then
A. X is more sensitive
B. Y is more sensitive
C. both are sensitive
D. sensitivity cannot be judged with the given information

23. The function of a shunt in an ammeter is to

A. bypass the current
B. increase the current in the coil
C. decrease the voltage drop
D. increase the meter resistance

24. The shunt resistance in an ammeter is usually

A. less than meter resistance
B. equal to meter resistance
C. greater than meter resistance
D. of any value

25. External shunts are generally used for measuring currents greater than about
A. 5 A B. 10 A C. 15 A D. 30 A

26. If the approximate value of the current to be measured is not known, measurement should start on
A. the lowest range and then increase the range
B. the highest range and then increase the range
C. the middle range and then decrease the range
D. the middle range and then increase the range

27. Sensitivity of a voltmeter is expressed as

A. Volts/Ohm B. Ohms/Volt C. Ohms-Volt D. 1/Ohms Volt

28. A low voltage is measured on a higher scale of a voltmeter. The measurement would have
A. low accuracy B. low resolution C. low precision D. all of these

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29. The disadvantage associated with an electrodynamic instrument is that

A. it consumes more power B. it has low torque to weight ratio
C. its frequency range is low D. all of these

30. An electrodynamic meter can be used to measure

A. ac voltage B. dc voltage
C. dc as well as ac voltage D. dc voltage but for ac voltages rectification is
necessary
31. Megger is an instrument to measure
A. very low resistance B. insulation resistance
C. Q of a coil D. inductance of a coil

32. Megger essentially is a

A. megohmmeter B. shunt-type ohmmeter
C. series-type ohmmeter D. dynamometer

33. Megger in its operation is based upon

A. moving-coil meter B. moving-iron meter
C. dynamic-meter meter D. electrostatic meter

34. Which of the following equipment is not a part of megger?

A. hand crank B. moving-coil meter
C. a coil of high inductance D. gear box generator

35. The number of coils in the meter of megger is

A. one B. two
C. three D. four

36. With the measurement terminals open-circuited, the ‘infinity’ reading of megger is due to
A. current in the coil is connected across the measurement points
B. unit in the coil connected across the generator
C. current in both the coils
D. zero deflection of the pointer

37. A multimeter consists of

A. voltmeter and ohmmeter
B. voltmeter and current meter
C. current meter and ohmmeter
D. voltmeter, current meter and ohmmeter

38. A VTVM is more reliable as compared to multimeter for measuring the voltage across low impedance
because
A. its sensitivity is very high
B. if offers high input impedance
C. it does not alter the measured voltage
D. all of these

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39. The simplest and most convenient form of detector used in a Wheatstone bridge for audio frequency
range is
A. galvanometer
B. vibration galvanometer
C. pair of headphones
D. cathode ray tube indicator

40. Inductance is measured in terms of capacitance and resistance by

A. Schering bridge B. Anderson bridge
C. Maxwell-Wein bridge D. Wein bridge

41. Carey-Foster bridge is specially designed to determine.

A. the high resistance of the wire
B. the internal resistance of the battery
C. the difference between two nearly equal resistances
D. the emf of the voltage source

42. Schering bridge can be used to measure

A. capacitance and its power factor
B. Q of a coil
C. inductance and its Q-value
D. very small resistance

43. Which of the following bridges is used to measure inductance of the high Q-inductor?
A. Maxwell bridge
B. Hay bridge
C. Wein bridge
D. Anderson bridge

44. Which of the following bridge is used to measure inductance of a low Q-inductor?
A. Maxwell bridge B. Hay bridge
C. Wein bridge D. Anderson bridge

45. The potentiometer wire should have

A. high specific resistance and high temperature coefficient
B. high specific resistance and low temperature coefficient
C. low specific resistance and high temperature coefficient
D. low specific resistance and low temperature coefficient

46. Sensitivity of a potentiometer can be increased by

A. decreasing the length of potentiometer wire
B. increasing the length of potentiometer wire
C. decreasing the current of potentiometer wire
D. decreasing the resistance in the rheostat series with the battery

47. The cell is used in a potentiometer is

A. a Dry cell B. a Daniel cell
C. a Leclanche cell D. a Lead accumulator

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48. Induction type single-phase energy meter is

A. an ampere-hour meter
B. true watt-hour meter
C. wattmeter
D. none of these

49. A wattmeter can measure

A. ac power only B. dc power only
C. ac as well as dc power D. dc power and ac power after rectification

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1. The function of protective relay in a circuit breaker is

A. to earth any stray voltages
B. to close the contacts when the actuating quantity reaches a certain
predetermined value
C. to limit arcing current during the operation of circuit breaker
D. to provide additional safety in the operation of circuit breaker

2. Low voltage circuit breakers have rated voltages of less than

A. 220 V B. 400 V C. 1000 V D. 10,000 V

3. A relay in which the measurement is performed by a stationary circuit and which has no moving parts
is known as
A. Static relay B. Differential relay
C. Instantaneous relay D. Time relay

4. When a H.V. ac circuit breaker is tested for endurance, it is tested for at least
A. 1000 opening-closing operations B. 100 opening-closing operations
C. 10 opening-closing operations D. 5 opening-closing operations

5. For high voltage ac circuit breakers, the rated short circuit current is passed for
A. 0.01 sec B. 0.1 sec C. 3 sec D. 30 sec

6. Which of the following is not a type of contactor for circuit breakers?

A. electromagnetic B. electro-pneumatic
C. pneumatic D. vacuum

7. Interrupting medium in a contactor may be

A. air B. oil
C. SF6 gas D. any of the above

8. In air blast circuit breakers, the pressure of air is of the order of

A. 100 mg Hg B. 1 kg/cm2
C. 20 to 30 kg/cm 2
D. 200 to 300 kg/cm2

9. SF6 gas
A. is lighter than hydrogen
B. is lighter than air
C. has density 2 times as compared to that of air
D. has density 5 times as compared to that of air

10. The pressure of SF6 gas in circuit breakers is of the order of

A. 100 mg Hg B. 1 kg/cm2
C. 3 to 5 kg/cm 2
D. 30 to 50 kg/cm2

11. While selecting a gas for circuit breaker, the property of gas that should be considered is
A. high dielectric strength B. non-inflammability
C. non-toxicity D. none of the above

12. Out of the following circuit breakers, which one has the lowest voltage range?
A. air-break circuit breaker B. tank type oil circuit breaker
C. Air-blast circuit breaker D. SF6 circuit breaker

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13. Which of the following circuit breaker can be installed on 400 kV line
A. Tank type coil circuit breaker
B. Miniature circuit breaker
C. Vacuum circuit breaker
D. Air blast circuit breaker

14. In a HRC fuse the time between cut-off and final current zero, is known as
A. total operating time
B. arcing time
C. pre-arcing time
D. any of the above

15. Fusing factor for HRC fuse is

A. Minimum fusing current Minimum fusing current
B.
Current rating Minimum rupturing time

C. Maximum fusing D. inimum fusing current

current Minimum Prospective current of a
rupturing time circuit

16. The insulation resistance of high voltage electric circuit breaker

is A. 1 k B. 10 k
C. 20 Mega ohms D. 2000 Mega ohms

17. There is definite objection to use of which of the following medium for extinguishing the arc in case
of a circuit breaker?
A. Air B. SF6 gas
C. Vacuum D. Water

18. In a circuit breaker if the insulation resistance between phase terminal earthed frame is less than the
specified limit, the probable cause could be
A. moisture
B. dirty insulation surface
C. carbon or copper particle sticking to the internal surface
D. any of the above

19. The transient voltage that appears across the contacts at the instant of arc extinction is called
A. recovery voltage
B. restriking voltage
C. supply voltage
D. peak voltage

20. In a circuit breaker the active recovery voltage depends upon

A. power factor
B. armature reaction
C. circuit conditions
D. all of the above

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21. Best protection is provided by HRC fuse in case of

A. Open circuits
B. Short circuits
C. Over loads
D. None of the above

22. A fuse wire possesses

A. inverse time characteristics
B. direct time characteristics
C. neither of the above

23. A relay used for protection of motors against overload is

A. impedance relay
B. Electromagnetic attraction type
C. Thermal relay
D. Buchholz’s relay

24. Fuse protection is used for current ratings up to

A. 10 A B. 20 A C. 50 A D. 100 A

25. The fuse current in ampere is related with fuse wire diameter D as
1
A. 1  α 2
D B. 1  D C. 1 D3 2 D. 1  D

26. A fuse wire should have

A. low specific resistance and high melting point
B. low specific resistance and low melting point
C. high specific resistance and high melting point
D. high specific resistance and low melting point

27. Fuse wire protection system is usually used beyond

A. 10 A B. 25 A C. 50 A D. 100 A

28. For extra high voltage lines which circuit breaker is preferred
A. Bulk oil circuit breaker
B. Vacuum circuit breaker
C. SF6 gas circuit breaker
D. Minimum oil circuit breaker

29. The number of cycles in which a high speed circuit breaker can complete its operation is
A. 3 to 8 B. 10 to 18 C. 20 to 30 D. 40 to 50

30. A material best suited for manufacturing of fuse wire is

A. Aluminum B. Silver C. Lead D. Copper

31. In a circuit breaker, the current which exists at the instant of contact separation is known as
A. restriking current B. surge current
C. breaking current D. recovery current

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32. A Merz-Price protection is suitable for

A. transformers B. alternators
C. feeders D. transmission lines

33. ‘Kick fuse’ has

A. square law characteristics B. linear characteristics
C. inverse characteristics D. direct characteristics

34. Air-blast breakers for 400 kV power systems are designed to operate in
A. 50 microseconds B. 50 milliseconds
C. 500 milliseconds D. 50 seconds

35. Breaking capacity of a circuit breaker is usually expressed in terms of

A. amperes B. volts C. MW D. MVA

36. Which of the following equations correctly represents the relation between contact resistance r and
the applied force F?
A. F  k.r k k
B. F  C. r  n D. r  kF
n
r F

37. As the force on contact is increased, the contact resistance will

A. increase linearly B. increase exponentially
C. remain altered D. decrease

38. The heat produced at the contact point, due to passage of current, will least depend on
B. contact resistance B. time during which the current flows
C. current flowing D. temperature of the surrounding medium

39. Minimum arcing voltage for platinum is 16 V. It can be therefore concluded that when the voltage is
below 16V
C. it will not possible to interrupt the circuit
D. it will possible to pass the current
E. it will be possible to interrupt any value of current without arcing
F. it will be possible to interrupt any value of current without bringing contact closer to another

40. Which of the following is not the method of arc dispersion?

G. oil immersion contacts B. magnetic blow out of arc
C. use of rectifiers D. deionization of arc path

41. Which of the following contact point metals has the highest melting point?
A. Silver B. Tungsten C. Gold D. Copper

42. The arc voltage produced in the circuit breaker is always

A. in phase with arc current B. leading the arc current by 90o
C. lagging the arc current by 90 o
D. leading the arc current by 45o

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43. Sparking between contacts can be reduced by

H. inserting resistance line
I. inserting a capacitor in series with the contacts
J. inserting a capacitor in parallel with the contacts
K. inserting an inductor in series with the contacts

44. For magnetic blow out of arc the magnetic field is produced
L. in the load circuit
M. parallel to the axis of the arc
N. at right angle to the axis of the arc
O. at 45 degrees with respect to the axis of the arc

45. Sparking occurs when a load is switched off because the circuit has
P. high inductance B. high capacitance
C. high resistance D. low resistance

46. For the same current, which of the following fuse wires will have the least fusing time?
Q. 18 SWG TIN – 12.5 A B. 20 SWG TIN – 10 A
C. 22 SWG TIN – 7.5 A D. 24 SWG TIN – 5 A

47. An automatic device that operates at present value is known as

A. mercury switch B. relay
C. fuse D. contactor

48. The basic function of a circuit breaker is to

A. produce arc B. ionize the surrounding air
C. transmit voltage by arcing D. extinguish the arc

49. The power factor of arc in the circuit breaker is

A. always zero B. always unity
C. always lagging D. always leading

50. Flame proof switch gears are usually preferred

A. on transmission lines of low voltage B. substations
C. in mines D. in high MVA capacity circuits

51. Air is used in air-blast circuit breaker

A. must have least carbon dioxide B. must be ionized
C. must be free from moisture D. none of these

52. In a circuit breaker the time duration from the instant of fault to the instant of energizing of the trip
coil is known as
A. lag time B. lead time C. protection time D. operation time

53. In a circuit breaker the time duration from the instant of the fault to the extinction of arc is known as
A. operation time B. total clearing time
C. lag time D. lead time

54. In a circuit breaker the time duration from the instant of fault to the instant of closing of contact is
known as
A. recycle time B. total time C. gross time D. reclosing time

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55. For high speed circuit breaker the total clearing time is nearly
A. 1 to 2 cycles B. 5 to 10 cycles C. 10 to 15 cycles D. less than 50 cycles

56. If the power is zero, the active recovery voltage will be

A. minimum
B. 0.5
C. 0.707
D. maximum

57. A circuit breaker will normally operate

A. when the switch is put on
B. when the line is to be checked
C. when the power is to be supplied
D. whenever fault in the line occurs

58. Which of the following circuit breaker will produce the least arc energy?
A. minimum oil circuit breaker
B. air blast circuit breaker
C. plain oil circuit breaker
D. all will produce the same energy

59. The breaking capacity of a circuit breaker in MVA ( 3 phase ) is given by

A. rated service voltage x rated symmetrical current
B. 1.1 x rated service voltage x rated symmetrical current
C. 2 x rated service voltage x rated symmetrical current
D. 3 x rated service voltage x rated symmetrical current

60. Which relay is used for feeders?

A. MHO relay B. Translay relay
C. Merz-Price protection D. Buchholz relay

61. Which of the following relays is used in transformers?

A. Buchholz relay
B. MHO relay
C. Merz-Price relay
D. None of the above

62. MHO relay is used for

A. rectifier
B. circuit breaker
C. transmission lines
D. feeders

63. Merz-Price protection is used on

A. substations
B. capacitor banks
C. induction motors
D. generators

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64. The value of the fault current depend on

A. voltage at the faulty point
B. total impedance up to the fault
C. both A and B
D. none of the above

65. The advantage of the neutral earthing is

A. simplified design of earth fault protection
B. over-voltages due to the lightening can be discharges to the earth
C. freedom from persistent arcing grounds
D. all of the above

66. The over voltage surges in power system may be caused by

A. lightening
B. switching
C. resonance
D. any of the above

67. The protection against the over-voltage due to the lightning is provided by
A. use of surge diverters
B. low tower footing resistance
C. use of overhead ground wires
D. any of the above

68. Which of the following is a conducting medium for electric current?

A. Low temperature gas
B. High temperature gas
C. Dissociated gas
D. Plasma

69. In circuit breakers the contact space is ionized by

A. thermal ionization of gas
B. thermal emission from surface contacts
C. field emission from the surface contacts
D. any of the above

70. Which of the following are air-break switching devices?

A. Isolator
B. Limit switch
C. Earthing switch
D. All of the above

71. Which of the following is the deremit of SF6 circuit breakers?

A. Sealing problem of gas
B. In flux of moisture in the gas system is dangerous
C. Deterioration of quality of circuit breaker affects reliability of circuit breakers
D. All of the above

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72. A fuse is normally a

A. current limiting device
B. voltage limiting device
C. power limiting device
D. power factor limiting device

73. Normally the fuse elements are in parts which are connected in the middle by tin bridge. The melting
point of tin bridge is
A. 35oC B. 88oC C. 230oC D. 540oC

74. The material used for bus bars should have

A. low resistivity
B. higher softening temperature
C. low cost
D. all of the above

75. Which of the following is not valid in case of aluminum as compared to copper? Aluminum is higher
A. resistivity
B. coefficient of linear expansion
C. tensile strength
D. joint resistance

76. Over current protection for motor is provided by

A. cartridge fuses B. kit kat fuses
C. over current relay D. all of the above

77. Fuse in motor circuits provides

A. over current protection
B. short-circuit protection
C. open-circuit protection
D. none of the above

78. In which method of starting a motor, the starting current is the maximum?
A. Auto-transformer
B. Star-delta transformer
C. Stator rotor starter
D. Direct-on-line

79. Over voltage transients may occur due to

A. lightening
B. switching
C. arcing grounds
D. any of the above

80. Switching surges may be caused by

A. closing of the unchanged line
B. load shedding or receiving end of line
C. switching of magnetizing current
D. any of the above

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81. The disadvantages offered by underground system is
A. frequent arcing grounds
B. difficult earth fault relaying
C. voltage oscillations
D. all of the above

82. Solid grounding is used for voltages

A. above 220 kV
B. above 11 kV
C. below 660 V
D. below 115 V

83. Switching over voltages are more hazardous than lightening surges in case of
A. low voltage systems
B. 11 kV system
C. unbalanced systems
D. EHV and UHV systems

84. Current limiting reactors may be

A. air cooled, air cored
B. oil immersed magnetically shielded
C. oil immersed non-magnetically shielded
D. any of the above

85. Series reactors are installed at strategic locations of the power systems to
A. bring down the fault level within the capacity of the switchgear
B. directly pass the fault surges to ground
C. pass the neutralizing surges of opposite nature
D. discharge the capacitor

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