PFC306

Brendan Gregg, Performance Engineering, Netflix

November 12, 2014 | Las Vegas, NV
 EC2
Applications
(Services)
S3
ELB
Elasticsearch
Cassandra
EVCache SES SQS
 Start

Find best
balance

i2 Select memory to
cache working set
ASG Cluster
prod1 ELB

Canary

ASG-v010 ASG-v011
… …
Instance Instance
Instance Instance
Instance Instance
Select instance families Select resources

From any desired

resource, see
types & cost
eg, 8 vCPU:
Acceptable Headroom Unacceptable
Cost per hour

Services
# schedtool –B PID
vm.swappiness = 0 # from 60
# echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled # from madvise
vm.dirty_ratio = 80 # from 40
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 5 # from 10
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 12000 # from 3000
mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,nobarrier …
/sys/block/*/queue/rq_affinity2
/sys/block/*/queue/scheduler noop
/sys/block/*/queue/nr_requests256
/sys/block/*/queue/read_ahead_kb 256
mdadm –chunk=64 ...
net.core.somaxconn = 1000
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 5000
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 12582912 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 12582912 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8096
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10240 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_abort_on_overflow = 1 # maybe
echo tsc > /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource
 Resource
Utilization
X (%)
Application

System Libraries

System Calls

Kernel

Devices
$ sar -n TCP,ETCP,DEV 1
Linux 3.2.55 (test-e4f1a80b) 08/18/2014 _x86_64_ (8 CPU)

09:10:43 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

09:10:44 PM lo 14.00 14.00 1.34 1.34 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:10:44 PM eth0 4114.00 4186.00 4537.46 28513.24 0.00 0.00 0.00

09:10:43 PM active/s passive/s iseg/s oseg/s

09:10:44 PM 21.00 4.00 4107.00 22511.00

09:10:43 PM atmptf/s estres/s retrans/s isegerr/s orsts/s

09:10:44 PM 0.00 0.00 36.00 0.00 1.00
[…]
Stack frame
Ancestry
Mouse-over
frames to
quantify
# git clone https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph
# cd FlameGraph
# perf record -F 99 -ag -- sleep 60
# perf script | ./stackcollapse-perf.pl | ./flamegraph.pl > perf.svg
 Kernel
TCP/IP

GC
Broken Locks
Java stacks epoll
(missing Idle
Time
frame thread
pointer)
# ./iosnoop –ts
Tracing block I/O. Ctrl-C to end.
STARTs ENDs COMM PID TYPE DEV BLOCK BYTES LATms
5982800.302061 5982800.302679 supervise 1809 W 202,1 17039600 4096 0.62
5982800.302423 5982800.302842 supervise 1809 W 202,1 17039608 4096 0.42
5982800.304962 5982800.305446 supervise 1801 W 202,1 17039616 4096 0.48
5982800.305250 5982800.305676 supervise 1801 W 202,1 17039624 4096 0.43
[…]

# ./iosnoop –h
USAGE: iosnoop [-hQst] [-d device] [-i iotype] [-p PID] [-n name] [duration]
-d device # device string (eg, "202,1)
-i iotype # match type (eg, '*R*' for all reads)
-n name # process name to match on I/O issue
-p PID # PID to match on I/O issue
-Q # include queueing time in LATms
-s # include start time of I/O (s)
-t # include completion time of I/O (s)
[…]
# perf record –e skb:consume_skb –ag -- sleep 10
# perf report
[...]
74.42% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] consume_skb
|
--- consume_skb
arp_process
arp_rcv
__netif_receive_skb_core Summarizing stack traces for a
__netif_receive_skb tracepoint
netif_receive_skb
virtnet_poll
perf_events can do many things,
net_rx_action
__do_softirq it is hard to pick just one example
irq_exit
do_IRQ
ret_from_intr
[…]
ec2-guest# ./showboost
CPU MHz : 2500
Turbo MHz : 2900 (10 active) Real CPU MHz
Turbo Ratio : 116% (10 active)
CPU 0 summary every 5 seconds...

TIME C0_MCYC C0_ACYC UTIL RATIO MHz

06:11:35 6428553166 7457384521 51% 116% 2900
06:11:40 6349881107 7365764152 50% 115% 2899
06:11:45 6240610655 7239046277 49% 115% 2899
[...]
Region App Breakdowns

Interactive
Graph
Metrics

Options Summary Statistics

Utilization Saturation

Errors
Per device

Breakdowns
http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instance-types.html
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/enhanced-networking.html

http://www.slideshare.net/cpwatson/cpn302-yourlinuxamioptimizationandperformance
http://www.brendangregg.com/blog/2014-09-27/from-clouds-to-roots.html

http://www.brendangregg.com/blog/2014-05-07/what-color-is-your-xen.html

http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html
http://www.slideshare.net/brendangregg/linux-performance-tools-2014
http://www.brendangregg.com/USEmethod/use-linux.html
http://www.brendangregg.com/blog/2014-06-12/java-flame-graphs.html
https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph https://github.com/brendangregg/perf-tools
Talk Time Title
PFC-305 Wednesday, 1:15pm Embracing Failure: Fault Injection and Service Reliability

BDT-403 Wednesday, 2:15pm Next Generation Big Data Platform at Netflix

PFC-306 Wednesday, 3:30pm Performance Tuning EC2

DEV-309 Wednesday, 3:30pm From Asgard to Zuul, How Netflix’s proven Open Source
Tools can accelerate and scale your services
ARC-317 Wednesday, 4:30pm Maintaining a Resilient Front-Door at Massive Scale

PFC-304 Wednesday, 4:30pm Effective Inter-process Communications in the Cloud: The

Pros and Cons of Micro Services Architectures
ENT-209 Wednesday, 4:30pm Cloud Migration, Dev-Ops and Distributed Systems

APP-310 Friday, 9:00am Scheduling using Apache Mesos in the Cloud