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Cell Cycle and Division

The document discusses two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other. It is involved in growth and regeneration. Meiosis results in gametes or spores with half the number of chromosomes and is required for sexual reproduction.

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Adit Kumar
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36 views

Cell Cycle and Division

The document discusses two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other. It is involved in growth and regeneration. Meiosis results in gametes or spores with half the number of chromosomes and is required for sexual reproduction.

Uploaded by

Adit Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Division

The cell division is of two types viz. Mitosis and Meiosis.

Mitosis
In mitosis the mother cell divides into two daughter cells which are genetically identical to each other
and to the parent cell. In mitosis:

• The number of the Chromosomes in Parent and daughter cells remains constant
• The parent and daughter cells are similar in all respects.
• The parent and daughter cells are genetically identical
• The purpose of Mitosis is growth by increasing number of cells.
• In most plants and animals the regeneration of the lost parts and vegetative propagation in some
plant species takes place by Mitosis.
Meiosis
In Meiosis, the number of chromosomes is divided into half in this process. Meiosis is required to
create the Gametes in animals and Spores in other organisms. Meiosis is a prerequisite for sexual
reproduction in organisms with Eukaryotic cells.

Significance of Meiosis
The cell division in the reproductive cells takes place by Meiosis. In meiosis the number of the
chromosomes is reduced to half of that in the parent cells. Meiosis maintains the number of
Chromosomes constant in all sexually reproducing organisms

Any of the body cells except the reproductive (germ) cells.


How cells become Cancerous?
Cancer is caused by the unrestrained growth of cells. Cells that do not “follow the rules” of normal cell
cycling may eventually become cancerous. This means that the cells reproduce more often than
normal, creating tumors. Usually this happens over an extended period of time and begins with
changes at the molecular level. Our body has trillions of cells and all cells replicate in normal fashion.
However, some agents may change the way genes carry the information regarding the cell division and
thus cells become cancerous. Such genes are called Oncogenes and such agents are called Carcinogens.

Some important facts regarding cells :


• Nerve cells in animals are the longest cells.
• Every minute about 3 million cells in our body die.
• Sieve tube in plants and the mature mammalian red blood cells do not have a nucleus.
• The red blood cell carries respiratory gases.
• Sieve cells in plants transport nutrients in plants.
• The lysosomal enzymes of the sperm cells digest the limiting membranes of the ovum (egg). Thus
the sperm is able to enter the ovum.
• During the transformation of tadpole into frog. The embryonic tissues like gills and tail are
digested by the lysosome.
• Mitochondria contain DNA, hence capable of replication.

Questions:
Which of the following is/are not present in prokaryotic cell?
A. nuclear membrane
B. mitochondria
C. lysosomes
D. All
Ans. D.

Which of the following helps in the process of photosynthesis?


A. Chromoplasts
B. Leucoplasts
C. Chloroplasts
D. None of the above
Ans. C

Which of the following is/are the types of cell division?


A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of the above
Ans. C
Which of the following is the function of Leucoplast?
A. help in photo-synthesis
B. provide colour to the flowers and the fruits.
C. help in the storage of food
D. none of the above
Ans. C

Which of the following is/are the non-living part of the cell?


A. Vacuoles
B. Granules
C. Lysosomes
D. Both (A) and (B)
Ans. D

Which of the following is/are the function of Plasma membrane?


A. allows only selected substances to pass in and out of the cell
B. Protects cell from injury.
C. Maintains shape of cell.
D. All
Ans. D.

The longest cell in human body is-


A. Liver cell
B. Nerve cell
C. Muscles cell
D. None of these
Ans. B
Leucoplast found in mainly-
A. Cell of stem
B. Cells of root
C. Cells of leaf
D. Cells of flower
Ans. B.

Mitochondria is absent in-


A. Bacteria
B. Yeast
C. Fungi
D. Green algae
Ans. A

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