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Respiratory System

The document discusses the human respiratory system. It describes the major parts of the respiratory system including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, alveoli, and diaphragm. It then provides more details about each part and their functions in gas exchange and breathing.

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Adit Kumar
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11 views8 pages

Respiratory System

The document discusses the human respiratory system. It describes the major parts of the respiratory system including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, alveoli, and diaphragm. It then provides more details about each part and their functions in gas exchange and breathing.

Uploaded by

Adit Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Respiratory

System
Respiratory system

• The respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs and


structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.
• “Human Respiratory System is a network of organs and tissues that helps us
breathe. The primary function of this system is to introduce oxygen into the body
and expel carbon dioxide from the body.”

Parts of Respiratory System

• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Lungs
• Alveoli
• Diaphragm

Pharynx
Larynx

Trache
a

Lungs

Bronchi
Alveoli

Diaphragm
Nose
• Humans have exterior nostrils, which are divided by a
framework of cartilaginous structure called the septum. This
is the structure that separates the right nostril from the left
nostril. Tiny hair follicles that cover the interior lining of
nostrils act as the body’s first line of defence against foreign
pathogens. Furthermore, they provide additional humidity for
inhaled air.

Larynx
• Two cartilaginous chords lay the framework for the larynx.
It is found in front of the neck and is responsible for vocals
as well as aiding respiration. Hence, it is also informally
called the voice box. When food is swallowed, a flap called
the epiglottis folds over the top of the windpipe and
prevents food from entering into the larynx.

Pharynx
• The nasal chambers open up into a wide hollow space called the pharynx. It is a
common passage for air as well as food. It functions by preventing the entry of food
particles into the windpipe. The epiglottis is an elastic cartilage, which serves as a
switch between the larynx and the oesophagus by allowing the passage of air into the
lungs, and food

Trachea
• The trachea or the windpipe rises below the larynx and
moves down to the neck. The walls of the trachea
comprise C-shaped cartilaginous rings which give
hardness to the trachea and maintain it by completely
expanding. The trachea extends further down into the
breastbone and splits into two bronchi, one for each
lung.
Bronchi
• The trachea splits into two tubes called the bronchi, which enter each lung
individually. The bronchi divide into secondary and tertiary bronchioles, and it further
branches out into small air-sacs called the alveoli. The alveoli are single-celled sacs of
air with thin walls. It facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules
into or away from the bloodstream.

Lungs
• Lungs are the primary organs of respiration in humans and other vertebrates. They are
located on either side of the heart, in the thoracic cavity of the chest. Anatomically, the
lungs are spongy organs with an estimates total surface area between 50 to 75 sq
meters. The primary function of the lungs is to facilitate the exchange of gases between
the blood and the air. Interestingly, the right lung is quite bigger and heavier than the left
lung.

Some Other point

• Emphysema
• Hypoxia
• Hb + O2 HbO2
Respiration in Plants
• During respiration, in different plant parts, significantly less exchange of gas takes place.
Hence, each part nourishes and fulfils its own energy requirements.
• Consequently, leaves, stems and roots of plants separately exchange gases. Leaves possess
stomata – tiny pores, for gaseous exchange. The oxygen consumed via stomata is used up
by cells in the leaves to disintegrate glucose into water and carbon dioxide.

Respiration In Leaves
• Leaves consist of tiny pores known as stomata.
Gaseous exchange occurs through diffusion via
stomata. Guard cells regulate each of the
stomata. Exchange of gases occurs with the
closing and opening of the stoma between the
inferior of leaves and the atmosphere.

Respiration In Roots

• Roots, the underground part of the plants, absorbs air from


the air gaps/spaces found between the soil particles. Hence,
absorbed oxygen through roots is utilized to liberate the
energy that in the future, is used to transport salts and
minerals from the soil.

Respiration In Stems

• lenticels (found in stems) actively involved


in the gaseous exchange
• The air in case of stem diffuses into the
stomata and moves through different
parts of the cell to respire. During this
stage, the carbon dioxide liberated is also
diffused through the stomata.
Differences between Respiration and Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Respiration
This process is common to all green This process is common to all living
plants containing chlorophyll pigments. things, including plants, animals, birds,
etc.

Food is synthesized. Food is oxidised.


Energy is stored. Energy is released.

• Photo Synthesis take place in day time.


Maximum – Red light
Minimum – Green light

• Respiration takes place in day and night.


Practice Question

Which among the following is not present in pure sugar ?


[A] Carbon
[B] Hydrogen
[C] Nitrogen
[D] Oxygen

Consider the following statements:

A. Respiration takes place both day and night.


B. Photosynthesis occurs during day time only.
C. Both A and B are correct.
D. Neither A nor B are correct.

What is the Functional unit of Respiratory system-


A. Lungs
B. Alveoli
C. Trachea
D. Blood

• Maximum Attraction of Haemoglobin towards-


A. Carbon di oxide
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon mono oxide
D. Sulphur di oxide

Consider the following Statements:


1.Spleen is also known as the ‘graveyard of RBCs’.
2.The lifespan of RBCs is 90 days.
Which of the Statement(s) given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Question Answer

1 C

2 C

3 B

4 C

5 A

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