AN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

SUBMITTED TO

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR AWARD OF

DIPLOMA
IN
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY
NAME OF STUDENT :- Barot Jaynam M
ENROLMENT NO: 196170302005

GUIDED BY:
Prof. Alkesh G. Parikh

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

Abstract :-
This report covers the research of electric motorcycle
vs. Conventional Motorcycle where all the aspects are
of the real market. The report is focusing on the
research of the current situation for the buyers. The
core of the report is a comparative research of BEV
and Conventional types of vehicles with their real
market costs, quality features as well as feasibility at
the end-user. finally delivering the actual cost to own
of each one. The report also mentions How EV is
making emissions. and the final statement that is going
to be approved or rejected is the electric vehicles as the
future of the global market.
Abstract
Index
Certificate
Acknowledgement
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction To EV
1.1.1 Advantages And Disadvantages
1.2 introduction To Conventional
1.2.1 Advantages And Disadvantages
2. Electric Motor vs. ICE
3.Specification Comparison
4. Market
4.1 Market Scenario Of EV Bikes
4.2 Market Scenario Of ICE Bikes
5. Power Train
5.1 EV
5.2 ICE
6. Cost Comparison
6.1 Maintenance Cost
6.2 Selling Cost
7. Environmental Impact
8. Efficiency
9. New innovation in EVs
9.1 innovation in battery
10. Conclusion
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Report, submitted along with the project
entitled “Industrial Training (3350201)” has been carried out by Barot
Jaynam M. (196170302005) under my guidance in fulfillment for the degree
of Diploma Engineering in Automobile Engineering 5th Semester of Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2019-20.
This student has successfully completed Project activity under my guidance.

Internal Guide ExternalExaminer

Prof. Alkesh G. Parikh
Automobile Engineering Dept.
Government Polytechnic,
Ahmadabad

Head of Department
Prof. Shri Shyam Varghese
Automobile Engineering Dept.
Government Polytechnic, Ahmadabad
Acknowledgement
I would like to give sincere thanks to my guide Mr. Alkesh
G. Parikh for advice and suggestions to my study during the
term. I am grateful to them for guiding us and extending
their co-operation for providing us with necessary
information. I am very much thankful to our respectable
Head of Automobile Engg. Dept. Mr. Shri Shyam Varghese
Sir for final approval of our report. Their continuous
encouragement and perseverance were a constant source of
inspiration for me. I am thankful to all the other teachers as
well as non- non-teaching staff of the college for helping and
sharing information.
I would also like to thank barot jaynam and Bhavsar darshan
for helping me in content guidance.
Last but not least, I would like to thank God and my family
members for their love, support & excellent co-operation to
build my morale and support at the time of hardships, agony
& anguish during the entire work.

Patel Astik S
 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to EV
● When we think of electric vehicles, we mostly think of any car that uses
electricity to run instead of petrol or diesel fossil fuels. While this is pretty
much along the right lines, the term ‘electric vehicle’ or ‘EV’ covers any
vehicle that operates on an electric motor or traction motor instead of an
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). This includes not only bike but electric
trucks, planes, trains, boats and four- and three-wheelers.

● In this ppt, we’re going to use the term ‘electric vehicle’ or ‘EV’ to refer to
electric bikes . As there are currently an estimated 1.4 billion cars on the
road worldwide, the car is widely considered to be the most common and
popular type of vehicle in use today.

● An electric vehicle can therefore be defined as any vehicle that uses one or
more electric or traction motors for propulsion.

1.1.1 Advantages and disadvantages of electric

bikes

Advantages of electric bikes

• No Gas Required.
• Electric bikes batteries can be recharged through dedicated charger
again and can be used
 • It is more Convenient to the user in terms of ride comfortability
• As the fossil fuel is limited and with increasing consumption of it
which is making it more expensive but this problem can be overcome
by EV as it runs on electricity hence more economical.
• There is No emissions of harmful gases like nox, co2 and others.
• Does not add to the Noise as Indian roads are perennially noisy. With
the unnecessary honks and endless squabble of people, the roads are
always in a state of pandemonium. Electric bikes breeze through the
streets with surprising silence. Some bikes have now come up with an
artificial noise device to warm the commuters of the approaching
vehicle.
• Low Maintenance cost as Electric bikes require less maintenance in
comparison to standard bikes. While standard bikes need a regular
check on lubricating and adjusting, an electric bike saves you from all
the fuss. However, you still have to be aware of the brake pads, tyres,
and fluid flush.

Disadvantages of electric bikes :-

• The weight of the batteries makes the bike heavy; so, you may not be
able to carry heavy pillion riders (unless you hyperinflate your rear
wheel tyres), and you will need to check the tyre pressure regularly.
• Cost and concessions: E-bikes are generally more expensive than petrol
bikes or conventional bikes.
• E-bikes can actually work out more expensive than petrol bikes given
the high cost and short life of the batteries. However, there are many
factors to be considered.
• E-bikes have very low resale value. Owners who want to sell their
e-bikes may have difficulty in finding buyers. If the battery requires
replacement, the bike has almost no market value at all, and is unlikely
to fetch more than scrap value.
• E-bikes may not have the same life as a petrol vehicle because motors
may not last as long as engines. However, motors are replaceable.

• The most important expense that the owner might bear is that of the
batteries. The sealed, maintenance-free, lead acid batteries have a limited
life and have to be replaced if they get damaged or if they no longer
offer a range that is sufficient for the user's needs

• In order to reduce vehicle weight, the body of some e-bikes is made of

light material. This can make the bike fragile in the event of even a
minor collision. And moreover Electric scooters don't have much storage
space below the seat like convection for example honda activa.

1.2 Introduction to ICE or convectional

bikes
Mostly all the conventional bikes have ICE to power the vehicle.
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine in which
the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in
a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow
circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the
high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies
direct force to some component of the engine.

This force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, a rotor, or

a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance,
transforming chemical energy into useful kinetic energy and is used to
propel, move or power whatever the engine is attached to. This replaced
the external combustion engine for applications where weight or size of the
engine is important.
1.2.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF ICE

Advantages of conventional bikes :-

• Petrol or conventional two wheeler bikes initially cost less than electric
bikes due to high competition in the market.
• As the demand of conventional petrol bikes are more so, wide ranges of
different modals and designs are available readily.
• The bike engines are considered more responsive and powerful than
electric bikes and suitable for long rides.
• The petrol vehicles deal better with demanding climate conditions such as
extreme hot or cold moreover in monsoons.
• The main advantage of two wheeler is that the accessories and
mechanical parts are easily available in off market at pocket friendly
prices.
• The main disadvantage of petrol vehicles is that they are not particularly
energy efficient and they aren’t environmentally friendly.
• As they are powered by fossil fuels, they use a lot of non-renewable
energy sources, which means at some point in the future, the fuel will no
longer be available economically, for instance the price of petrol in 2010
in India was RS 51.83 now in 2021 it is about RS 100.
• overall the running cost of bikes are very much with increasing fuel
prices, higher maintenance cost, and other such expenses.
Detail comparison of electric vehicle and
convection vehicle also known as ICE
2. ELECTRIC MOTOR VS ICE

Electric motor :-
● The electric vehicle is powered by a motor.

● Brushless DC motors are also called BLDC motors. These are the
e-bike industry default at this point because they tend to be smaller
and lighter.

● A BLDC eliminates the brushes, which improves the long-term

durability of the motor. The catch is that If a brushed motor is 5840
rupees or so, a brushless one costs about 14600 rupees.
 detail specification and comparison of
motor and engine in vehicle

Engine motor
Vehicle type Petrol vehicles Electric vehicles
Energy source The engine produces The electric motor's
combustion and moves power source is a battery
the pistons. The pack. The energy goes
rotational motion of the through the regulator and
pistons is transmitted to then to the motor that
the transmission then turns the wheels.
converted into the energy BlDC (brushless DC
to drive the wheels. motor)
Used in electric bikes
Advantages a. Higher energy density a. No carbon emissions
b. Less refueling time b. Instant torque

Disadvantages a. Emissions a. Less proven

b. Less efficient technology
b. Longer charging Time
 3. SPECIFICATION
❖ Detail comparison of revolt rv 400 and tvs apache RTR
which are one of best selling bikes in indian market
electric and conventional (petrol) respectively.

Revolt RV 400 TVS Apache RTR

Brand Revolt Motors TVS

Ex-Showroom Price Rs. 1.06 Rs. 1.07 Lakeview On Road Price
Lakeview On
Road Price
Rating 4.2 4.0

Fuel Type Electric Petrol

Mileage 80 km/120km 53.32kmpl

Refueling time 4.5 Hrs charging 1 to 2 min
 4. CURRENT MARKET
SCENARIO

4.1 Current Market Scenario Of Conventional

Bike
● The Indian gasoline scooter and motorcycle market attained a size of
$22.0 billion in 2017 and is forecasted to reach $42.4 billion by 2025,
registering a CAGR of 8.8% during 2018–2025.

● The major factors driving the market growth are rising income levels
and growing demand from tier 2 and tier 3 cities

● Motorcycle was the largest product category in the Indian gasoline

scooter and motorcycle market, with more than 65.0% revenue share
in 2017.

● Its larger share is attributable to the increasing number of motorcycle

sales registered in the country.

● For instance, motorcycle ownership rate is fairly high in the country,

at 108 motorcycles per 1,000 population.
❖ Statistics which depicts the significent growth in sell of
motorcycle in india and the prediction of near future by
leading analyst P&S MARKET RESEARCH

❖ Some of the major players operating in the Indian gasoline scooter and
motorcycle market are Hero MotoCorp Ltd., Honda Motorcycle and Scooter
India Pvt. Ltd, Bajaj Auto Ltd, TVS Motor Company Limited., Yamaha
Motor India Pvt. Ltd., Royal Enfield Ltd India, Suzuki Motorcycle India
Pvt. Ltd., Mahindra Two Wheelers Limited, KTM AG, and Piaggio & C.
SpA.

4.2 Current Market Scenario Of EVs

● The sales of BEVs and PHEVs exceeded the two-million mark for the first
time in 2019. The latest electric vehicle market predictions are strong, too.
Deloitte’s global EV forecast is a compound annual growth rate of 29
percent achieved over the next 10 years into 2030, with total EV sales
growing from 2.5 million in 2020 to 11.2 million in 2025, then reaching
31.1 million by 2030.

● By this time, EVs are expected to make up roughly 32 percent of the total
market share for new car sales as per the above graph. What’s more, the
market hasn’t been impacted by COVID-19 insofar as others have; the pace
of recovery for the EV market will be high, with EVs having a positive
trajectory during the COVID-19 recovery period.
 5. POWER TRAIN AND
WEIGHT RATIO

Powertrains:- The Heart of the Electric

Vehicle

● An EV’s powertrain is responsible for taking energy stored in the

vehicle’s battery system and supplying it to the motors. The amount of
power that it takes to move a fully loaded vehicle is enormous, and
delivery needs to be instantaneous and predictable.

● Furthermore, the vehicle's range is most dictated by the ability to

provide power with maximum efficiency and minimum resistance.
The efficiency of this technology can be the difference between safely
making it to your destination and getting stranded roadside.

● Three-phase motors are the most popular among all the configurations
and are widely used in E-bikes. The stator of a BLDC motor consists
of stacked steel laminations with windings placed in the slots that are
axially cut along the inner periphery.

Power train in conventional vehicles :-

● A power train is an assembly of every component that pushes
your vehicle forward.Your car's powertrain creates power from
the engine and delivers it to the wheels on the ground.
 The key components of a powertrain include an engine,
transmission, driveshaft, axles, and differential.

● Today, there are a few basic types of power train transmission

available.

1.Traditional Automatic Transmission.

2.Automated Manual Transmission.
3.Continuously-Variable Transmission (CVT)
 6. COST COMPARISON
6.1 Maintenance Cost :-
● Maintenance costs for EVs vs. fossil fuel powered bikes

● The fuel used to power your bike is only one factor in the cost of bike
ownership. In particular, vehicle maintenance costs can stack up over
time. With ICEs, engine maintenance can be a huge money sink,
especially as the bike age.

● Changing the engine oil, coolant, transmission fluid, and belts can add
up in value over time. By comparison, electric cars don’t have internal
combustion engines, so these costs disappear.

● Universal vehicle expenses like tire and brake changes, insurance, and
structural repair are part of owning any vehicle, but EV owners avoid
many of the repeated costs associated with combustion engine upkeep.

● EVs aren’t without expenses, however. The largest possible

maintenance expense for an electric vehicle is a replacement battery
pack. Unlike a conventional battery, EVs have large, complex
rechargeable batteries that are drained and recharged constantly, which
leads to degradation and range decrease.

● In the rare case that your EV battery is defective and needs

replacement, manufacturers will often cover that replacement with
a battery warranty.

● However, if your bike is not under warranty, replacing your EV

battery is an expensive bill. The vast majority of EV owners won’t
have to replace their bikes' battery, but it is a risk you run when
operating an electric bike.
6.2 Selling Cost or resale value :-
● Why are electric bikes so expensive ? Well, the answer is the battery
which is the most expensive part of any electric vehicle.

● The batteries used in electric bikes are made up of lithium-ion. These

substances are essential for the smooth functioning of the battery so
that the bike functions properly.

● And, this is the main reason why electric bikes are more expensive
than normal petrol bikes. If someday the price of batteries is reduced,
then eventually the price of electric bikes can also be reduced , it will
be cheaper than petrol bikes. But still, the battery is the most
important component of an electric bike.
7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
environmental impact of convectional bikes and electric
vehicle

● The real environmental impact can only be assessed on the data

available. For example, upto 2018, the Carbon Emissions factor for
the Indian Power sector stood at 0.82 kg/kWh, which implies that 0.82
kilograms of Carbon Dioxide were emitted for every unit of electricity
produced.

● With specifics mentioned earlier, a 30kWh battery capacity and a

range of 312 kilometers should result in 0.07 kg/km or 0.07 kilograms
of carbon dioxide emitted per kilometer.

● While comparing the same with the GHG emissions for road transport
report published by the Shakti Foundation, a petrol engine of less than
1400 cc has an emission factor between 0.130 and 0.140 kg/km. In
contrast, a diesel engine of the same size has a factor in the range of
0.117 kg/km.

As observed in the graph, the carbon emissions over the operational life are vast. The EV
emissions are nearly half of the ICEVs. And the carbon emission factor is yet to be updated
following the integration of huge renewable capacities added in the last few years. The
current carbon emissions factor for the Indian Power sector should be much lower than the
one reported in 2018, and the environmental impact of an EV should be significantly better.
 8. EFFICIENCY
● Electric motors make vehicles substantially more efficient than
internal combustion engines (ICEs). Electric motors convert over 85
percent of electrical energy into mechanical energy, or motion,
compared to less than 30 percent for a gas combustion engine.

● These efficiencies are even lower after considering losses as heat in

the drive train, which is the collection of components that translate the
power created in an electric motor or combustion engine to the
wheels.

● According to the Department of Energy (DOE), in an EV, about 59-62

percent of the electrical energy from the grid goes to turning the
wheels, whereas gas combustion vehicles only convert about 17-21
percent of energy from burning fuel into moving the car.

● This means that an electric vehicle is roughly three times as efficient

as an ICE vehicle. Needing less energy to power your car also helps
bring down the cost
9. NEW INNOVATION IN EVs
10.1 New battery technology
● Range anxiety and battery cost are two issues preventing an even
wider adoption of electric vehicles. However, new battery
technologies are poised to solve both issues at once. Lithium-ion
batteries have become the industry standard over the two decades of
EV development.

● New technologies are being tested, such as graphene-based

technologies, which charge in 15 seconds. These are expected to
supplement, not replace, traditional EV batteries. Toyota is working on
sulfide-based, solid-state batteries that are projected to last almost 30
years.

● Other companies are trying to eliminate cobalt, one of the most

expensive components in existing batteries, which will significantly
reduce the price.
 10. CONCLUSION

Overall with all the detailed comparison and

specification of conventional two wheeler and
electric bikes it is evident that in long run and
for sustainable development it recommended to
use electric bikes instead of conventional
because it doesn't emit harmful pollutants in air
like burning of fossil fuels causes. Moreover
EVs also decrease noise pollution at significant
levels. However, a few disadvantages in using
an electric bike is it takes a lot of time for
recharging the battery after usage and consumes
too much electric power. To generate that power
we need to again burn fossil fuels like coal to
produce enough electricity. Which can also
cause the pollution to avoid this more alternative
source of producing electricity should be used
for charging EVs.
References,

https://www.zigwheels.com/newbikes/upcoming-electric-bikes
(for best electric bike)
https://evelo.com/pages/electric-bikes-101
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_bicycle
https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/bicycle-market
https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/electric-bikes-market
https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/world-bicycle-day-e-bike-e-
cycle-sustainable-health-benefits-cost-savings-7340642/
https://www.psmarketresearch.com/market-analysis/india-gasoline-scooter-an
d-motorcycle-market
https://www.thebetterindia.com/260517/diesel-petrol-electric-car-price-compa
rison-long-term-breakdown /
https://evreporter.com/ev-powertrain-components /
https://www.allstarcard.co.uk/news-insights/fuel-and-fleet/fleet-news/hybrids-
vs-electric-vs-petrol/
https://e-vehicleinfo.com/electric-bike-vs-petrol-bike-price-range-running-cost/
https://news.cision.com/torque/r/bosch-strengthens-its-presence-in-motorcycl
e-markets-around-the-world,c9745627
https://www.indiamart.com/robosapinnovations/e-bike.html

Video references

https://youtu.be/O1NXpC5fU2c
https://youtu.be/4ONdsVs6yS0
Thank You