6

4 (a) In an accident, a truck goes off the road and into a ditch. Two breakdown vehicles A and For
B are used to pull the truck out of the ditch, as shown in Fig. 4.1. Examiner’s
Use

road

45°
A

B breakdown
vehicles

ditch

Fig. 4.1

© UCLES 2009 0625/31/M/J/09

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At one point in the rescue operation, breakdown vehicle A is exerting a force of 4000 N For
and breakdown vehicle B is exerting a force of 2000 N. Examiner’s
Use

(i) Using a scale of 1 cm = 500 N, make a scale drawing to show the resultant force on
the truck.

[4]

(ii) Use your diagram to find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the
truck.

magnitude of resultant force = ......................................................

direction of resultant force = ............................... to direction of road [2]

(b) (i) State why the resultant force is an example of a vector quantity.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Give an example of a vector quantity that is not a force.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2009 0625/31/M/J/09 [Turn over
 2

1 An object of weight W is suspended by two ropes from a beam, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

86.6 N
30°
50.0 N 60°

Fig. 1.1

The tensions in the ropes are 50.0 N and 86.6 N, as shown.

(a) In the space below, draw a scale diagram to find the resultant of the two tensions.

Use a scale of 1.0 cm = 10 N.

Clearly label the resultant. [3]

© UCLES 2010 0625/31/O/N/10

 3

(b) From your diagram, find the value of the resultant.

resultant = ......................................................... [1]

(c) State the direction in which the resultant is acting.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) State the value of W. W = ......................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

2 A car travels around a circular track at constant speed.

(a) Why is it incorrect to describe the circular motion as having constant velocity?

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A force is required to maintain the circular motion.

(i) Explain why a force is required.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) In which direction does this force act?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Suggest what provides this force.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2010 0625/31/O/N/10 [Turn over

 4 For
Examiner’s
Use
3 Fig. 3.1 shows the arm of a crane when it is lifting a heavy box.

1220 N
950 N

40° 30°

box

Fig. 3.1

(a) By the use of a scale diagram (not calculation) of the forces acting at P, find the weight
of the box. [5]

0625/3/M/J/03
 3

1 (a) A boat crosses a river. The boat points at right angles to the river bank and it travels at a
speed of 3.5 m / s relative to the water.

A river current acts at right angles to the direction the boat points. The river current has a
speed of 2.5 m / s.

By drawing a scale diagram or by calculation, determine the speed and direction of the boat
relative to the river bank.

speed = ...............................................................

direction relative to the river bank = ...............................................................

[4]

(b) Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity.

State the names of one other scalar quantity and one other vector quantity.

scalar quantity ..........................................................................................................................

vector quantity ..........................................................................................................................

[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/F/M/23 [Turn over

 2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows an ice-hockey player moving on ice. He is preparing to hit the solid disc called a
puck.

ice-hockey player

ice

hockey stick
disc

Fig. 1.1

The disc of mass 0.16 kg is moving horizontally across the surface of the ice at a speed of 15 m / s.

(a) Calculate the magnitude of the momentum of the disc.

magnitude of momentum = ......................................................... [2]

(b) The hockey player strikes the disc with his hockey stick and the momentum of the disc
changes. The disc gains momentum of 3.0 kg m / s at 45° to the original direction of travel of
the disc, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

direction of
disc momentum gained

45°

original direction of travel

Fig. 1.2 (view from above)

© UCLES 2020 0625/41/O/N/20

 3

(i) State the magnitude of the impulse exerted on the disc and the direction, in degrees, of
the impulse relative to the original direction of travel.

magnitude of impulse = ...............................................................

direction of impulse: ............................ ° to original direction

[1]

(ii) Determine the magnitude of the new momentum of the disc and its new direction relative
to the original direction of travel by drawing a scale diagram.

magnitude of new momentum = ...............................................................

direction of new momentum: ........................... ° to original direction

[4]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2020 0625/41/O/N/20 [Turn over
 4

3 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed.

State three ways in which a force may change the motion of the object.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows an object suspended from two ropes. The weight of the object is 360 N. The
magnitude of the tension in each rope is T.

T T

45° 45°

object

360 N

Fig. 3.1

In the space below, determine the tension T by drawing a vector diagram of the forces acting
on the object.

State the scale you have used.

scale ...............................................................

T = ...............................................................
[5]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19
 3

(c) The boat in (b) is moving due west at a speed of 6.5 m / s relative to the water. The water is
moving due south at 3.5 m / s.

In the space below, draw a scale diagram to determine the size and direction of the resultant
of these two velocities. State the scale used.

scale ...............................................................

size of resultant velocity = ...............................................................

direction of resultant ...............................................................

[4]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over

 3

The tension T in the horizontal thread is 8.1 N.

Determine graphically the magnitude and the direction, relative to the vertical, of the
resultant of W and T. Use a scale of 1.0 cm to 1.0 N or greater.

magnitude of resultant = ................................................................

direction of resultant = ................................... relative to vertical

[3]

(iii) State and explain how the magnitude and direction of the resultant in (c)(ii) compares
with the force on the ring due to the tension in the cord.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2021 0625/41/O/N/21 [Turn over

 4

2 (a) (i) Mass is a scalar quantity.

State another scalar quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) Force is a vector quantity.

State another vector quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A boat is floating on still water.

The mass of the boat is 290 000 kg. A resultant force of 50 kN acts on the boat.

Calculate the acceleration of the boat.

acceleration = ...........................................................[3]

(c) Fig. 2.1, not to scale, shows the view from above of the boat, now on a fast-flowing river. The
boat accelerates.

Two forces are shown acting on the boat. The resultant of these forces is at right angles to the
river banks.

river bank

direction of
force from
engine
direction of
river current
direction of boat
force on boat
from river
current

river bank

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/O/N/15

 5

Fig. 2.2 is an incomplete vector diagram of the forces acting on the boat.

resultant force

force from river current

Fig. 2.2

The force from the river current is 80 kN.

(i) Determine the scale that has been used in the vector diagram.

scale is ...............................................................

(ii) On Fig. 2.2, complete the vector diagram to determine the magnitude and direction of the
force from the engine. Measure the angle between the direction of the current and the
force from the engine.

magnitude of force from engine = ...............................................................

angle = ...............................................................
[4]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/O/N/15 [Turn over

 4

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows water in a river moving parallel to the river bank at 4.0 m / s and a canoe
travelling in the river.

river bank

canoe travels at 2.5 m / s

38° relative to the water
water moving at 4.0 m / s

river bank

Fig. 3.1

The canoe travels at 2.5 m / s relative to the water and heads at an angle of 38° to the river
bank.

Draw a scale diagram to determine the canoe’s resultant velocity and state the scale you
used.

scale ...............................................................

magnitude of resultant velocity ...............................................................

direction of resultant velocity (angle from the river bank) ...............................................................

[4]

© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22

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3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a boat stored in a shed. The boat is suspended from the ceiling of the shed by
two ropes.

ceiling
60° 60°

ropes
T T

boat

Fig. 3.1

The tension T in each of the ropes is 75 N.

(i) Draw a vector diagram to determine the resultant of the forces exerted by the two ropes
on the boat. State the scale you used.

scale = ...............................................................

magnitude of resultant force = ...............................................................

direction of resultant force = ......................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2022 0625/43/M/J/22
 3

(c) Fig. 1.1 shows a river in which the velocity of the flowing water is 0.85 m / s parallel to the river
banks.

river bank

velocity of swimmer
velocity relative to water
of water NOT TO
45° 1.2 m / s
SCALE
0.85 m / s

Fig. 1.1

A swimmer sets off from one bank. The velocity of the swimmer relative to the water is 1.2 m / s
at 45° to the river banks, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

In the space below, draw a scale diagram to determine the resultant velocity of the swimmer
relative to the river banks. This velocity is the resultant of the two velocities shown on Fig. 1.1.
Label this resultant on your diagram.

resultant velocity = ................................................................. [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_43_2016_1.8 [Turn over