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Module 2 - Reviewer
Tags module 2 reviewer

Content and Contextual Analysis

External Criticism

examines the or the evidence being used

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 authenticity of the document

Internal Criticism

examines the of the evidence.

truthfulness of the content

Content Analysis
what it intends to say to us

analyze the actual content

present the content in objective and quantitative manner

Texts

any occurrence of communicative language

Conducting Content Analysis

text is broken down into manageable categories on a variety of levels

Content Analysis' Basic Methods:

Conceptual analysis

typically used by philosophers in the analytic tradition, in order to

"break down" philosophical issues.

Relational analysis

computational techniques serving to discover specific relations

between several objects of study.

Result

used to make inferences (conclusion based on evidence and reasoning)

about the messages within the text, writers, audience, culture, and time

Content Analysis

indicates pertinent (relevant of applicable to a particular matter) features

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 Examples:

comprehensiveness of coverage

intentions

biases

prejudices

oversights of authors, publishers, and other people responsible for the

content

The Process of a Content Analysis

Six questions must be addressed in every content analysis:

1. Which data are analyzed?

2. How are they defined?

3. What is the users from which they are drawn? (ito nakalagay sa ppt pero
dapat ganto siya) What is the population from which they are drawn?
4. What is the context relative to which the data are analyzed?

5. What are the boundaries of the analysis?

6. What is the target of the inferences?

Why use content analysis?

can be applied to examine any piece of writing or occurrence of recorded
communication.

X The Goals of Content Analysis

reduce unstructured content

describe characteristics

identify important aspects

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 present important aspects

support some argument

examine trends and relationships in the text and multimedia; provide an insight

intentions, focus or communication trends of an individual, group or institution

attitudinal and behavioral responses to communications

psychological or emotional state of persons or groups

Contextual Analysis
assess text within the context of its historical and cultural setting, and its
textuality (qualities that characterize text as a text)

combines features of formal analysis with features of "cultural archaeology"

This means “situating” the text within the milieu of its times and assessing
the roles of author, readers and “commentators” on the text.

from outside source

Difference between Conceptual and Contextual Analysis

Content is the material/matter/medium contained within the work that’s
available for audience.

applies techniques

identify argument

compare points of views

identify biases

claims based on evidence

Context is the positioning of the content, storyline or purpose that provides

value to the audience.

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 historical context of the source

author’s background

source’s relevance

similar to external criticism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muELfqVJQ6M

Identification of the Historical Importance of the Text

Backgrounder
June 12, 1898 - Independence Day

The Philippine Declaration of independence was proclaimed in Cavite el

Viejo (present- day Kawit, Cavite)

Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the

sovereignty
and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain.

Philippine Independence
1896

the Philippine Revolution began.

1897- Pact of Biak-na-Bato

Eventually, the Spanish signed an agreement with the revolutionaries

Condition: Emilio Aguinaldo went into exile in Hongkong.

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 Then, the outbreak of the Spanish-American war began.

Commodore George Dewey

sailed from Hong Kong to Manila Bay leading a squadron of U.S. Navy
ships.

May 1, 1898 - Battle of Manila Bay

US defeated Spain in the Battle of Manila Bay

US navy transported Aguinaldo back to the Philippines

June 12, 1898 - Philippine Independence Day

four and five in the afternoon

Kawit, Cavite

Ancestral home of General Emilio Aguinaldo

National Flag

made in Hong Kong

by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza

Marcha Filipina Magdalo

national anthem currently known as Lupang Hinirang

composed by Julian Felipe

played by the San Francisco de Malabon marching band

Act of the Declaration of Independence

prepared, written, and read by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish

signed by 98 people, among them is Mr. L.M. Johnson, a Coronel of

Artillery

Proclamation of Philippine independence

promulgated on August 1

1898 Treaty of Paris

declaration of independence was not recognized by the US or Spain

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 Spain sold the Philippines to US, which ends the Spanish-American War

Philippine-American War

Philippine Revolutionary Government did not recognize the treaty or

American sovereignty

Philippines lost the conflict

July 4, 1946 - Treaty of Manila

Following World War II, the US granted independence to the Philippines via
Treaty of Manila

1964 - Republic Act No. 4166

President Diosdado Macapagal signed into law the Republic Act No. 4166
designating June 12 as the country’s Independence Day

Flowchart of events:

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 Act of the Declaration of Independence
written by: Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

http://filipino.biz.ph/history/declaration.html

Guide Questions:
What does the document want to convey?
The document conveys the declaration of independence of the Philippines,
the injustices Filipinos faced during the colonization of the Spaniards, and the
symbolization of the Philippine Flag.

How did the revolutionaries regard Aguinaldo based on the document?

He was regarded as the dictator of the dictatorial government of the
Philippines.

According to the document, what do the symbols in the Philippine flag

represent?

White Triangle - blood compact inspired by the masses to rise in

revolution

Three Stars - three principal Islands of these Archipelago: Luzon,

Mindanao, and Panay, where the revolutionary movement began

Sun - gigantic step made by the son of the country along the path of
Progress and Civilization

Eight Rays - eight provinces: Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva

Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas - which declares themselves in a
state of war as soon as the first revolt was initiated

Blue, Red, and White - commemorating the flag of the United States of
America, as a manifestation of our profound gratitude towards this Great

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 Nation for its disinterested protection which it lent us and continues to
lending us.

How did the Filipinos regard the United States based on the document?
Great Nation that gives us its disinterested protection that lends us and
continues lending us.

What is the importance of this document in the history of our country?

This represents the bravery of our countrymen in trying times. They also
declared the injustices Filipinos had suffered from and brought inspiration for
one another to rise in revolution.

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