KHERSON STATE MARITIME ACADEMY

WATCH OUT
STUDENT’S BOOK

KHERSON 2017
ББК 81.2 – 2 Англ-я 73
УДК 802:656.61 (075.8)

Authors:
N. Bobrysheva, T. Pindosova V. Kudryavtseva

Reviewers:
Ye. Goloborod’ko – correspondent member of National Academy of Educational Sciences of
Ukraine, Doctor of Education, Professor of Pedagogy and Psychology Department of
municipal higher education establishment “Kherson Academy of Continuous Education” of
Kherson Regional Council
L. Kulikova – Doctor of Education, Professor, First Vice-Rector of Kherson State Maritime
Academy
V. Nesterenko, Senior Lecture of the department of Navigation and Basic Safety at Sea, Kherson State
Maritime Academy, Deep Sea Master.
Responsible for the Issue - I.Lytvynenko, Ph.D., teacher of English Language Department for
Deck Officers, Kherson State Maritime Academy.
Editor - I.Kutsenko., teacher of English Language Department for maritime officers (abridged
programme), Kherson State Maritime Academy.

К889 Watch Out: textbook / [N. Bobrysheva, T. Pindosova V. Kudryavtseva]. – Kherson :

“STAR” PH, 2017. – 192 p.
The textbook “Watch Out” is developed by staff of English Language Department for Deck
Officers and English Language Department for maritime officers (abridged programme). It provides
training material that promotes the study of General Maritime English required for cadets
during their shipboard training in ports and at sea.
The purpose of this textbook is to develop cadets’ communication skills necessary within
multilingual crews. It is designed for students of the first semester in the field of study "Sea
and river transport".

Approved by Coordination Council for Implementing Communicative and Competency Based

Approaches to Teaching English for Specific Purposes
(report № 4 dated 17.05.2017)

УДК 802:656.61 (075.8)

ББК 81.2 – 2 Англ-я 73

© «Star» PH, 2016

©Authors, 2016
ISBN 978-966-1596-15-2

© All rights reserved. No sample of this work can be published in printed or electronic
form without written permission. Reproduction of copies of a work or fragment is
prohibited.
[email protected]
 CONTENTS

Module 1. Occupational Safety 5

Labour Protection
Seafarer’s rights
Fatique

Module 2. Medical Care on Board 37

Duties of Person in Charge of Medical Care
Radio Medical

Module 3. Survival Crafts 84

Abandon Ship Drills
Maintenance and Inspection of Survival Crafts
Survival Techniques

Module 4. Ships Security Techniques 115

Ship Security Plan
Duties and Responsibilities of Ship Security Officer
Anti-Piracy Techniques
Anti-Stowaway Techniques

Module 5. Enclosed Space Awareness 157

Enclosed Space Hazards
Entry and Rescue Equipment
Safe Entry Procedure
 INTRODUCTION
This Student’s Book is designed to give students practice in developing communicative
skills which are necessary for their work in mixed crews. It has five modules:
Module 1 ‘Occupational Safety’ (developed by Tamara Pindosova), Module 2 ‘Medical
care on Board’ (developed by Valentyna Kudryavtseva), Module 3 ‘Survival Crafts’
(developed by Natallia Bobrysheva), Module 4 ‘Ships Security Techniques’ (developed by
Tamara Pindosova), Module 5 ‘Enclosed Space Awareness’ (developed by Natallia
Bobrysheva) .

The modules have a unified structure:

Starter
In this course-book, a starter is the first activity of each topic. It gets students thinking and
speaking in English as well as makes them feel positive about the lesson.
Reading / Listening
The texts/records have been selected for the value and motivation they would generate in
class. The questions, tasks and activities are designed for checking reading/listening
comprehension followed by discussions, debates, or projects.
Vocabulary
The vocabulary sections contain various exercises to help English language learners study
new words and practice the words they already know as their active vocabulary.
Grammar
This section provides explanation of grammar rules and some exercises in the grammar
areas studied in each module.
Speaking
The speaking activities are aimed at getting students to speak openly and freely, with
minimal support, in order to achieve their communicative goals. All the activities can be
used for discussions. Pair and small group work are preferable.
Writing
Planning a piece of writing, organizing its contents effectively and presenting ideas in the
most appropriate ways are the writing skills students should develop.
The edition is enriched with:

 Abstracts from the IMO Conventions and Nautical Publications.

 Maritime Labour Convention (MLC)

 Standard Marine Communication Phrases

Above all, it is hoped that teachers and students will find this book both enjoyable and
useful.
Authors
 MODULE 1

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
You will be able to: .
1.discuss the requirements of MLC
2.describe the ways to recognize and fight fatigue
3.describe the main sources of seafarer’s rights
Essential competency: exchange information about occupational safety in terms of MLC
requirements, seafarer’s rights, drug and alcohol policy.

Topic 1
Labour Protection
Starter

Look at the pictures. What do you think the term “Occupational safety” is about?
Add more items.

PPE Slip Corrosive

Danger Zone Occupational Safety
Fall Explosive Emergency
Reading

1 Answer the questions.

1. What should be the goals of occupational safety?
2. Whom or what shall the occupational safety protect?

2 Read the text and chose the correct variant of the verb.
Occupational safety and health (OSH) also commonly refer/referred to as occupational
health and safety (OHS) or workplace health and safety (WHS) is an area
concerning/concerned with the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or
employment. The goals of occupational safety and health programs include to foster a safe
and healthy work environment. OSH may also protect co-workers, family members,
employers, customers, and many others who might be affected by the workplace environment.
Occupational safety and health can be important for moral, legal, and financial reasons.
Good OSH practices can also reduce employee injury and illness related costs, including
medical care, sick leave and disability benefit costs.
As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) "occupational health deal/ deals with
all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention
of hazards." Health has defined/has been defined as "a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Occupational health is
a multidisciplinary field of healthcare concerned with enabling/enable an individual to
undertake their occupation, in the way that causes least harm to their health.
Since 1950, the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health
Organization (WHO) have shared/shared a common definition of occupational health. It was
adopted/has been adopted by the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health at its
first session in 1950 and revised at its twelfth session in 1995. The definition reads:
"The main focus in occupational health is/are on three different objectives: (i) the
maintenance and promotion of workers’ health and working capacity; (ii) the improvement of
working environment and work to become conducive to safety and health and (iii)
development of work organizations and working cultures in a direction which supports health
and safety at work and in doing so also promotes a positive social climate and smooth
operation and may enhance productivity of the undertakings."
Those in the field of occupational health comes/come from a wide range of disciplines and
professions including/included medicine, psychology, epidemiology, physiotherapy and
rehabilitation, occupational therapy, occupational medicine, human factors and ergonomics,
and many others. Professionals advise on a broad range of occupational health matters. These
include how to avoid particular pre-existing conditions causing a problem in the occupation,
correct posture for the work, frequency of rest breaks, preventative action that can be
undertaken, and so forth.

3 Correct the mistakes according to the information from act. 2.

1. Occupational safety and health (OSH) is an area concerned only with health of people
engaged in work or employment.
2. OSH protects only people engaged in work or employment.
3. OSH practices can also increase employee injury and illness related costs, including
medical care, sick leave and disability benefit costs.
4. Since 1950, the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health
Organization (WHO) have no common definition of occupational health.
5. The main focus in occupational health is on the maintenance and promotion of workers.
6. Health has been defined as "a state of complete physical well-being and the absence of
disease or infirmity.

4 Answer the questions.

1. Do you think that OSH is important? Why?
2. Does OSH work in everyday life? Do you know any examples?

5 a) Make up your questions to the text that can be used as a plan.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b) Speak about the occupational safety using the plan from act. 5 as hints.
Language Study

6 Look through the text again. Write the words in bold next to their synonyms.

1. a) goal, aim
2. b) thinking, brainy, connected with mind
3. c) prosperity, well-being, health
4. d) favorable for
5. e) weakness, sickness
6. f) human engineering
7. g) to encourage, to form

7 Inform your group-mate about the occupational safety using new words. Make some notes if
necessary.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Speaking

8 Debate!!!
It’s not important to follow the
occupational safety rules aboard the
vessel, because as they say he that is
born to be hanged shall never be
drowned…

Reading

9 Discuss the statement.

Social protection and labour programs are necessary in a risky,

changing world.

10 Answer the questions.

1. What is MLC?
2. When was MLC established?
3. When did MLC enter into force?
4. What does MLC consist of?
5. What are the aims of MLC?
11 Read the text and find the answers to the questions from act. 10

The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is

an International Labour Organization convention
established in 2006 as the fourth pillar of
international maritime law and embodies "all up-to-
date standards of existing international maritime
labour Conventions and Recommendations, as well
as the fundamental principles to be found in other
international labour Conventions". The other "pillars
are the SOLAS, STCW and MARPOL. Emphasis
should be placed on preventive actions while
maintaining the ability to respond and correct non-
conformities or hazardous situations should they
occur. The treaties applies to all ships entering the
harbours of parties to the treaty (port states), as well
as to all states flying the flag of state party (flag
states, as of 2013: 50 per cent).

The convention entered into force on 20 August 2013, one year after registering 30
ratifications of countries representing over 33 per cent of the world gross tonnage of ships.
Already after five ratifications the ratifying countries (Bahamas, Norway, Liberia, Marshall
Islands, and Panama) represented over 43 per cent of the gross world tonnage (which is over
33 per cent; the second requirement for entry into force). As of October 2014, the convention
has been ratified by 65 states representing 80 per cent of global shipping.
Some seafarers criticize the convention, saying that it lacks teeth, does not address real
issues, and skirts important seafarer needs such as decent sized cabins, cupboards in cabins,
shore leave, and rest hours by including them into the non-mandatory section "B" of the
convention – or worse, by not addressing them at all. As an indication of top level
management commitment, the policy should be signed by the chief Executive or comparable
senior decision-maker and should be reviewed at regular intervals to ensure that it remains
relevant and effective.
The convention consists of the sixteen articles containing general provisions as well as
the Code. The Code consists of five Titles in which specific provisions are grouped by
standard (or in Title 5: mode of enforcement):
• Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship;
• Title 2: Conditions of employment;
• Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering;
• Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection;
• Title 5: Compliance and enforcement.
For Each Title, there are general Standards, which are further specified in mandatory
Regulations (list A) as well as Guidelines (List B). Guidelines generally form a form of
implementation of a Regulation according to the requirements, but States are free to have
different implementation measures. It is important that company shore and shipboard
contingency planning is consistent and appropriately integrated. Regulations should in
principle be implemented fully, but a country can implement a "substantially equivalent"
regulation, which it should declare upon ratification.
The basic aims of the MLC, 2006, are:
■ to ensure comprehensive worldwide protection of the rights of seafarers (the
Convention is sometimes called the seafarers’ Bill of Rights); and
 ■ to establish a level playing field for countries and shipowners committed to providing
decent working and living conditions for seafarers, protecting them from unfair competition
on the part of substandard ships.

12 Find three dummy sentences in the text.

13 Student A: read Titles 1, 2, 3. Student B – Titles 4, 5.

Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship

The minimum requirements set out in this section of the code are divided in 4 parts and are
summarized below:
 Minimum age requirements: the mimimum age is 16 years (18 for night work and
work in hazardous areas).
 Medical fitness: workers should be medically fit for the duties they are performing.
Countries should issue medical certificates as defined in the STCW (or use a similar
standard).
 Training: Seafarers should be trained for their duties as well as have had a personal
safety training.
 Recruitment/placement services located in member states or for ships flying the flag of
member states should have (amongst others) proper placement procedures,
registration, complaint procedures and compensation if the recruitment fails
Title 2: Employment conditions
The Title on employment conditions lists conditions of the contract and payments, as well as
the working conditions on ships.
 Contracts: the contract should be clear, legally enforceable and incorporate collective
bargaining agreements (if existent).
 Payments: Wages should be paid at least every month, and should be transferrable
regularly to family if so desired.
 Rest hours: rest hours should be implemented in national legislation. The maximum
hours of work in that legislation should not exceed 14 hours in any 24-hour period and
72 hours in any seven-day period, or: at least ten hours of rest in any 24-hour period
and 77 hours (rest) in any seven-day period. Furthermore the daily hours of rest may
not be divided into more than two periods and, at least six hours of rest should be
given consecutively in one of those two periods.
 Leave: Seafarers have a right to annual leave as well as shore leave.
 Repatriation: Returning to their country of residence should be free
 Loss: If a ship is lost or foundered, the seafarers have a right to an unemployment
payments.
 Manning: Every ship should have a sufficient manning level
Title 3: Accommodation, Recreational Facilities, Food and Catering
The title specifies rules detailed rules for accommodation and recreational facilities, as well as
food and catering.
 Accommodation: Accommodation for living and/or working should be "promoting the
seafarers' health and well-being". Detailed provisions (in rules and guidelines) give
minimum requirements for various types of rooms (mess rooms, recreational rooms,
dorms etc.).
 Food and Catering: Both food quality and quantity, including water should be
regulated in the flag state. Furthermore, cooks should have proper training.
Title 4: Health Protection, Medical Care, Welfare and Social Security
Protection
Title 4 consists of 5 regulations about Health, Liability, Medical care, Welfare and Social
security.
  Medical care on board ship and ashore: Seafarers should be covered for and have
access to medical care while on board; in principle at no cost and of a quality
comparable to the standards of health care on shore. Countries through which territory
a ship is passing should guarantee treatment on shore in serious cases.
 Shipowners' liability: Seafarers should be protected from the financial effects of
"sickness, injury or death occurring in connection with their employment". This
includes at least 16 weeks of payment of wages after start of sickness.
 Health and safety protection and accident prevention: A safe and hygienic
environment should be provided to seafarers both during working and resting hours
and measures should be taken to take reasonable safety measures.
 Access to shore-based welfare facilities: Port states should provide "welfare, cultural,
recreational and information facilities and services" and to provide easy access to
these services. The access to these facilities should be open to all seafarers irrespective
of race, sex, religion or political opinion.
 Social security: Social security coverage should be available to seafarers (and in case
it is customary in the flag state: their relatives).
Title 5: Compliance and Enforcement
Title 5 sets standers to ensure compliance with the convention. The title distinguishes
requirements for flag states and port states.
 Flag states: Flag states (the state under which flag the ship operates) are responsible
for ensuring implementation of the rules on the ships that fly its flag. Detailed
inspections result in the issue of a "Certificate of Maritime Compliance", which should
always be present (and valid) on a ship. Ships are required to have decent complaints
procedures in place for its crew and should institute investigations in case of
casualties.
 Port States: The inspection in ports depends on whether a Certificate of Maritime
Compliance is present (and thus a flag is flown of a country which has ratified the
convention). If the Certificate is present, compliance is to be assumed in principle, and
further investigations only take place if the certificate is not in order or there are
indications of non-compliance. For ships that don't have the certificate, inspections are
much more detailed and should ensure -according to a "no more favorable treatment
principle" that the ship has complied with the provisions of the convention. The
convention is thus -indirectly- also valid for ships of non-member countries if they
plan to call to ports of a member state.
 Labour agencies: Agencies supplying on maritime workers to ships should also be
inspected to ensure that they apply the convention (amongst others the regulations
regarding to social security).

14 Discuss what information is included into each title of MLC.

• Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship

• Title 2: Conditions of employment
• Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering
• Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection
• Title 5: Compliance and enforcement

15 Mark the statements as T (True) or F (False). Correct the false ones.

1. Minimum age requirements: the minimum age is 14 years (16 for night work and work in
hazardous areas).
2. Countries should issue medical certificates as defined in the MARPOL.
 3. Wages should be paid at least every month, and should be transferrable regularly to family
if so desired.
4. The maximum hours of work in that legislation should not exceed 16 hours in any 24-hour
period and 84 hours in any seven-day period.
5. Returning to the country of residence should be paid by the seaman.
6. Accommodation for living and/or working should be "promoting the seafarers' health and
well-being".
7. Countries through which territory a ship is passing cannot guarantee treatment on shore in
serious cases.
8. Port states can provide "welfare, cultural, recreational and information facilities and
services" and to provide easy access to these services depending on the race, sex, religion or
political opinion of the seamen.
9. Seafarers should be protected from the financial effects of "sickness, injury or death
occurring in connection with their employment". This includes at least 2 weeks of payment of
wages after start of sickness.
10. Flag states (the state under which flag the ship operates) are responsible for ensuring
implementation of the rules on the ships that fly its flag.

16 Complete the table with the information from the MLC Titles you read about.

Main provisions of Title 1 Main provisions of Title 2 Main provisions of Title 3

Main provisions of Title 4 Main provisions of Title 5

17 Ask each other questions about the main provisions of other MLC Titles.

Model: S1: What is MLC Title 1 about?

S2: MLC Title 1 gives us information on minimum requirements for seafarers to work
on a ship.

Speaking

18 Role-play the situation.

The representative of IMO, ILO, the Master of the vessel and the AB had a meeting.
Decide what new rules you would include into the MLC.
Viewing

19 Discuss.
MLC have “teeth”. It really works and protects seafarers.

20 Answer the questions. Watch the video and check your ideas.

1. When did ship-owners and seafarers applied to ILO in order to create MLC?
2. Were there votes against MLC?
3. What port authorities check the compliance of the vessel with the requirements of MLC?
4. What vessels are required to carry Maritime Labour Certificate and the Declaration of
Maritime Labour Convention Compliance?

21 Watch the video once more and compete the list.

MLC covers the following aspects of working and living conditions:
________________________
Medical certificates
Training and qualifications
Recruitment and placement
______________________________
Seafarer’s employment agreements
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Seafarer compensation for the ship loss or foundering
Manning levels
Career and skills development
______________________________

Speaking
22 Instruct your partner about the main provisions of MLC.

23 a) Write questions to the information from the table.

Model: Accommodation spaces are clean and in good state. – Were accommodation spaces
clean and in good state?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Pair A
Requirements for seafarers to work on a ship Yes No
All seafarers on board the ship must be aged 16 years or above.
Valid training and competency certificates are available for all seafarers.
Evidence that no night work is undertaken.
Evidence that no tasks that are likely to jeopardize their safety or health are
undertaken, in accordance with the flag state’s national requirements for
young seafarers.
Medical certificate valid for a maximum of one year.
Pair B
Hours of work and hours of rest Yes No
A table of shipboard working arrangements for all positions on board is
posted in an accessible place.
Accurate records of hours of work and rest are available for all seafarers, and
are signed by the Master and the seafarers.
Normal working hours are based on 8 hours per day, with a minimum one
day of rest per week and rest on public holidays.
Maximum working hours on board are:
14 hours in any 24 hours period
72 hours in any 7 day period
Minimum rest hours on board are:
10 hours in any 24 hour period
77 hours in any 7 day period

Pair C
Accommodation and recreational facilities Yes No
Mess rooms are clean, hygienic and comfortable.
Cabins have hot and cold running water.
Bedding is clean and hygienic.
Heating and ventilation is adequate and well-maintained.
Sanitary facilities are accessible, hygienic and working correctly.
b) Work in pairs. Ask your partner if the MLC requirements have been met during his last
practice. Tell about your partner’s practice.

Reading
24 Look at the warning and answer the questions.

Dear WorkCover Customer Service

First of all you should know that I am typing this complaint letter
with my middle finger – badly injured bymeans ofrepetitive strain
fromWriting so many complaint letters, and for which by the way I am
lodging a new claim

1. Do you think that Complaint Letters help to

improve the working conditions?
2. What can be done if the vessel doesn’t
comply with MLC?
3. Do you know what is the complaint
procedure?

25 a) Read part A of the text and place the paragraphs in the correct order.
b) Read part B of the text and answer the questions.

1. When should the seafarer submit the complaint?

2. When should the complaint be elevated to the next level?
3. Whom can seafarers complain to?
4. Who is DP?
5. What may seafarer do if the Master can’t resolve the complaint?
6. How much time do the shipowner and the seafarer have to solve the matter?
7. Should the complainant seafarer be victimized?
8. Should the complaints be recorded?

Regulation 5.1.5 - On-board complaint procedures

A Each Member shall prohibit and penalize any kind of victimization of a seafarer for
filing a complaint.
Many complaints may relate specifically to those individuals to whom the complaint is
to be made or even to the master of the ship. In all cases seafarers should also be able to
complain directly to the master and to make a complaint externally; and in order to help avoid
problems of victimization of seafarers making complaints about matters under this
Convention, the procedures should encourage the nomination of a person on board who can
advise seafarers on the procedures available to them and, if requested by the complainant
seafarer, also attend any meetings or hearings into the subject matter of the complaint.
The complaint procedure should include the following:
__1___ complaints should be addressed to the head of the department of the seafarer lodging
the complaint or to the seafarer's superior officer;
______ in all cases seafarers should have a right to file their complaints directly with the
master and the shipowner and competent authorities.
______ seafarers should at all times have the right to be accompanied and to be represented
by another seafarer of their choice on board the ship concerned;
______ the head of department or superior officer should then attempt to resolve the matter
within prescribed time limits appropriate to the seriousness of the issues involved;
______ all complaints and the decisions on them should be recorded and a copy provided to
the seafarer concerned;
______ if the head of department or superior officer cannot resolve the complaint to the
satisfaction of the seafarer, the latter may refer it to the master, who should handle the matter
personally;
______ if a complaint cannot be resolved on board, the matter should be referred ashore to the
shipowner, who should be given an appropriate time limit for resolving the matter, where
appropriate, in consultation with the seafarers concerned or any person they may appoint as
their representative;
B The complainant seafarer shall submit his/her complaint in writing within five days of the
occurrence, or according to the circumstances, following the below hierarchy:
a) Superior Officer b) Head of Department c) Master
Each has a further five (5) days to solve the complaint.
Complaints should be sought to be resolved at the lowest level possible; and only when the
matter cannot be resolved to the satisfaction of both parties, shall it be elevated to the next
level.
Seafarers have the right to complain directly to the master and where they consider it
necessary, to the DMS/Cyprus, MLC, 2006 Contact Point or to appropriate external
authorities.
If the complainant seafarer refers the complaint to the master, the master shall handle the
complaint personally and may seek the assistance of the person designated by the shipowner
to handle complaints. (Company’s MLC, 2006 Designated Person (DP) or any other person
appointed by the Company).
If the master is unable to resolve the complaint, the seafarer shall have ten (10) days to bring
it through the master to the shipowner, or if the complaint may be to the prejudice of the
master, then directly to the shipowner.
The shipowner and the seafarer concerned shall have a period of twenty (20) days there from
to solve the matter.
If after twenty (20) days, the complaint has not been solved, then either party shall have a
further twenty (20) days to bring the matter to the Cyprus Maritime Administration
(DMS/Cyprus, MLC, 2006 Contact Point).
Complainant seafarers have the right to be accompanied and to be represented by another
seafarer of their choice on board the ship.
Seafarers have the right to be accompanied or represented during the complaints procedure.
The complainant seafarer shall not be victimized.
All complaints and decisions on them shall be recorded and a copy provided to the
complainant seafarer.

Speaking

26 In pairs organize the briefing on complaint procedure.

Writing

27 Follow the model and write your own complaint.

MODEL OF ON-BOARD COMPLAINT PROCEDURES

NAME OF SHIP:……………………… IMO NUMBER:……………

CONTACT INFORMATION
1) Contact information for the Company’s MLC, 2006 Designated Person (DP)or
any other person appointed by the Company:
a) Name:………………………………………………………………………
b) Telephone number …………………......
c) E-Mail address: …………………………

2) DMS/Cyprus, MLC, 2006 Contact Point

a) Telephone number: +357-25 823715
b) Fax number: +357-25 305030
c) Email address: [email protected]

3) Competent Authority in the seafarers’ country of residence:

a) Name: ………………………………………………………..
b) Telephone number: ………………………………………….
c) E -Mail address: ……………………………………………..
4) Name of person or persons on board the ship authorized to provide on a
confidential basis advice and assist the complainant seafarer:
a):……………………………………………………………….
b):……………………………………………………………….
Briefly describe your complaint. If more space is needed please attach additional pages.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 Drug and Alcohol Policy

Starter
Discuss.

1 Drink makes you forget your sorrow; but only, alas, until tomorrow.
(German proverb)
2 Alcohol will preserve anything but a secret. (American proverb)

Reading
28 Answer the questions.
1. Is it obligatory to have a Drug and alcohol policy aboard the vessel? Why?
2. What was the Drug and Alcohol policy of the company during your last practice?
3. Have you ever met the people who weren’t following the requirements of the Drug and
Alcohol policy? What were the consequences?

29 Read the text and underline the main provisions of the Drug and Alcohol policy.

It is company policy that alcohol on board ships is strictly managed and the misuse of
legitimate drugs or the use, possession, distribution, or sale of un-prescribed drugs is strictly
forbidden on board vessels.
Any violation of the Drug and Alcohol Policy by officers, members of the crew, family
members or shore staff visiting the vessel is grounds for dismissal from the ship. It is
everybody’s responsibility to immediately report violations to management or ashore.
The company has established operating practices to:
– ensure no alcohol or drugs are to be brought on-board by officers, members of the
crew, family members or shore staff visiting the vessel;
– prohibit the taking on board any more than a reasonable quantity of legitimate drugs;
– ensure the sale of alcoholic beverages on-board shall be strictly in accordance with the
rules laid down in the company instructions;
– prohibit the consumption of alcoholic beverages (including beer) during working
hours or when working overtime; this includes the period of four (4) hours prior to the start of
work or watch duty;
– set and enforce limits so that consumption of alcohol prior to the 4 hours’ prohibition
period resulting in a blood alcohol content above 0% when starting work or watch duty and
exceeding the maximum blood alcohol content of 0,04 % when off duty is not permitted;
– provide that all officers and crew serving on-board tankers, gas carriers and offshore
vessels shall be subjected to testing and screening for drug and alcohol abuse during routine
medical examinations.
The commitment and participation of every company employee is essential to the
success of this policy and it must be recognized that the level of alcohol consumption on-
board reflects the fact that emergencies may arise at any point in time.
The policy directs all employees ashore and on ships to recognize their role in the safe
and controlled use of alcohol and drugs on board ship.

30 Discuss in groups what provisions do you agree with and what provisions you don’t agree
with.
Language Study
31 Match the words with their definitions.

1. abuse a) an action that breaks or acts against

something, especially a law, agreement
2. beverage b) allowed by law
3. consumption c) a drink of any type
4. legitimate d) an act of using, eating, or drinking something
5. violation e) to use something for the wrong purpose in a way that
is harmful or morally wrong

1 2 3 4 5

32 Cross the one word out. Justify your choice.

1) beverage, rum, boatswain, prohibit

2) legitimate, violation, drugs, alcohol
3) consumption, abuse, policy, violate
4) violation, beverage, beer, alcohol
5) abuse, violation, beverage, juice

33 Look at the picture and discuss the reasons of such situation.

34 Read the text and answer the questions.

1) What happened?
2) Why did it happen?
3) Where did it happen?
4) How was it possible to prevent the accident?
 The captain of a cargo ship involved in a collision with a passenger ferry in Belfast
Lough has pleaded guilty to being over the alcohol limit.
Miroslaw Pozniak, 55, with an address in Poland, spoke through an interpreter at a
magistrates’ court in Bangor, Co Down.
He was captaining the Union Moon which collided with a Stena Line ferry travelling
from Birkenhead to Belfast on Wednesday.
Pozniak's solicitor told the court: “It will be a guilty plea in respect of the matter.''
The incident happened at 7.45pm on Wednesday and the ferry passengers said they
feared disaster when they were initially warned they may have to abandon ship.
Both vessels suffered damage in the collision at the entrance to Belfast Lough, about a
mile and a half from shore.
However no-one was injured and the ferry was able to safely complete its journey.
There were 51 passengers and 47 crew on board the ferry and all safely disembarked at
Belfast.
Pozniak appeared in the dock wearing a white shirt, dark jumper and jeans and spoke
only to confirm that he understood the charge.
The court heard that his record as a captain was clear and that he had fully co-operated
with the police during questioning.
His lawyer requested that he be granted bail and suggested his damaged vessel as an
address.
But a police constable objected and told district judge Mark Hamill: “We would not see
the ship as a suitable address.”
The court heard that the vessel is to be impounded in dry dock to be repaired.
The judge sought a decision from the prosecution on whether the case will be handled by
the Magistrates’ Court or a higher court.
He remanded the defendant in custody to appear again at Newtownards Magistrates’
Court on Monday.

Speaking
35 Work in groups. Create your own Drug and Alcohol Policy. Present your ideas.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
 Topic 2
Seafarer’s rights
Starter

a) Look at the picture and answer the questions.

1) Do we usually have only the duties and

obligations but not the rights?
2) Are the duties more important than the rights?
Why?

b) In pairs write the definitions to the words.

Duty –
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Right –
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reading
1 Make a list of the seafarer’s rights sources.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2 Read the text and title the paragraphs.

 Your home state

 International laws
 Flag state law
 Your contract of employment
 Port state law

______________________________________________
A ship has the nationality of the flag that it flies. Also, under international law, the
laws of a flag State apply to a ship regardless of the location of the ship. Therefore you -
as a seafarer - are entitled to the protection of, and are governed by, the laws of the flag
State wherever the ship is and regardless of your nationality. For example, if you are a
Filipino seafarer on a Panama flag ship, you have rights (and obligations) under the laws of
Panama. So, always be aware of what flag your ship is flying and where necessary, ask for
assistance to find out what are the laws of that flag State.

__________________________________________________
When your ship enters a port, that port State can exercise certain powers over the
ship whilst it is in port. Generally a port State does not intervene in the internal affairs of a
 ship unless there is a dispute which concerns the peace and good order of the port (for
example if a crime is committed on board a ship). However in many jurisdictions around
the world, if you have a legal claim, for example for unpaid wages, you will be able to start
a legal action in the courts of the port State. Again where necessary, ask for assistance to
find out what are the laws of the port State.

______________________________________
You will be able to rely on rights contained in your home State law if that law
governs your contract of employment. Otherwise, if you are in trouble when abroad, your
home country should provide support and assistance through its consular offices. Therefore
ask for assistance through consular officers.

__________________________________________
Your individual contract of employment will set out what your rights are as between
you and your employer. Your contract may be (1) a private contract and/or (2) a collective
bargaining agreement produced by a trade union or an employers’ association and/or (3) a
form of contract in which the government has taken an active role (such as the POEA
Contract: Standard Terms and Conditions governing the employment of Filipino Seafarers
onboard Ocean Going Ships). Your contract may be directly with the shipowner, or it may
be with a manning agent, or it may be with some other agent for the shipowner. All these
different arrangements can affect your rights. However above all it is important that you
have a copy of your contract of employment, that you read it and that you know what
rights are contained in it.

____________________________________________________
International laws are laws made at the highest level between States. Since it was
founded in 1919, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) has set international labour
standards for all workers, and specifically has set standards for seafarers in more than 65
Conventions and Recommendations. These instruments, taken together, constitute a
comprehensive set of standards and concern practically all aspects of living and working
conditions of seafarers. In February 2006, these existing conventions and
recommendations were updated and consolidated in the Maritime Labour Convention,
2006, a single, coherent international maritime labour standard for seafarers that 2006
enters into force on 20 August 2013.
Human rights instruments also exist at international and regional level which may be
relevant to the rights of seafarers. Also at the international level, Conventions of the
International Maritime Organisation (IMO) impose obligations on States, a number of
which have the effect of creating benefits for seafarers.

3 Mark the statements as T (True) or F (False). Correct the false ones.

1. A ship has the nationality of the country where it was built_____

2. When your ship enters a port, that port State cannot exercise certain powers over the ship
whilst it is in port unless the ship was built in the same country._____
3. You will be able to rely on rights contained in your home State law in any situation.____
4. Your individual contract of employment will set out what your rights are as between you
and your employer._____
5. International laws are laws made at the highest level between States. _____
4 Discuss.

The main items you should pay attention to before signing the
contract

5 Student 1 – read text A, student 2 – read text B. Underline the most important information.

TEXT A
The best guarantee of proper conditions of employment at sea is only to sign a contract
drawn up in accordance with an ITF-approved collective agreement. Failing that, here is a
checklist to follow.
Don’t start work on a ship without having a written contract.
Never sign a blank contract, or a contract that binds you to any terms and conditions
that are not specified or that you are not familiar with.
Check if the contract you are signing refers to a Collective Bargaining Agreement
(CBA). If so, make sure that you are fully aware of the terms of that CBA, and keep a copy of
it along with your contract.
Make sure that the duration of the contract is clearly stated.
Don’t sign a contract that allows for alterations to be made to the contractual period at
the sole discretion of the shipowner. Any change to the agreed duration of the contract should
be by mutual consent.
Always ensure that the contract clearly states the basic wages payable and make sure
that the basic working hours are clearly defined (for example 40, 44 or 48 per week). The
International Labour Organization states that basic working hours should be a maximum of 48
per week (208 per month).
Make sure that the contract clearly stipulates how overtime will be paid and at what
rate. There could be a flat hourly rate payable for all hours worked in excess of the basic. Or
there may be a monthly fixed amount for a guaranteed number of overtime hours, in which
case the rate for any hours worked beyond the guaranteed overtime should be clearly stated.
The ILO states that all overtime hours should be paid at a minimum of 1.25 x the normal
hourly rate.

TEXT B
Make sure that the contract clearly states how many days paid leave per month you will
get. The ILO states that paid leave should not be less than 30 days per year (2.5 days per
calendar month).
Make certain that the payments for basic wages, overtime and leave are clearly and
separately itemised in the contract.
Never sign a contract that contains any clause stating that you are responsible for paying
any portion of your joining or repatriation expenses.
Don’t sign a contract that allows the shipowner to withhold or retain any portion of your
wages during the period of the contract. You should be entitled to full payment of wages
earned at the end of each calendar month.
Be aware that an individual employment contract will not always include details of
additional benefits. Therefore, try to obtain confirmation (preferably in the form of a written
agreement or contractual entitlement) of what compensation will be payable in the event of:
 Sickness or injury during the contractual period
 Death (amount payable to the next of kin)
 Loss of the vessel
 Loss of personal effects resulting from the loss of the vessel
 Premature termination of the contract
 Don’t sign a contract that contains any clause that restricts your right to join, contact,
consult with or be represented by a trade union of your choice.
Ensure that you are given and retain a copy of the contract you have signed.
Check that your contract states that you are entitled to the costs of your repatriation
Check the conditions for terminating your contract, including how much notice the
shipowner must give you to terminate your contract.

6 Answer the questions.

Student 1 Student 2

What should you check? What should you make sure?

When shouldn’t you sign a contract? When shouldn’t you sign a contract?
What should you always ensure? What should you be aware about?
What should you make sure? What should you check?

Language Study
7 Label the pictures.
repatriation / bargaining / wage / stipulate

1 ______________ 2 _________________________

3 _______________ 4 _____________

8 Match the words with their synonyms.

1. wage a) homecoming, return home

2. bargaining b) lay the condition, make condition, specify
3. repatriation c) salary, cash-in-hand, earned income
4. stipulate d) talks, negotiations, discussion

1 2 3 4
Speaking
9 Tell you partner about the most important items to pay attention to before signing the
contract.

10 Continue the list of the seafarer’s rights.

The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 requires all governments which have ratified
the convention to have laws and regulations that safeguard the following fundamental rights:
 The right to freedom of association (the right of seafarers’ to join a trade union of their
choice)
 Effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining (the right of a union to
negotiate a CBA on seafarers’ behalf)
 The elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour (seafarers’ right to work
of their own free will and to be paid for that work)
 The effective abolition of child labour
 Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation (seafarers’
right to be treated in the same way as fellow seafarers doing the same work regardless
of race, religion, nationality, gender, sexual orientation or political views).
 _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

11 Create your own List of Seafarer’s rights. Present your ideas.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Topic 3
Fatigue
Starter

a) Look at the picture and describe it to your

partner.
b) What can cause such situation?
1 Write definition about FATIGUE.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2 In pairs write the reasons of fatigue.

What are the reasons of I’m too tired to think about it…
fatigue?

FATIGUE

3 According to the Guidance on Fatigue Mitigation and Management, the IMO has
categorized the causes of fatigue into 4 general factors. Group the causes accordingly.
Quality, Quantity and Duration of Sleep, Staffing policies and Retention, Ship design, Ship
motion, Rest Breaks, Role of shore personnel, Level of Automation, Physical comfort of
accommodation spaces, Psychological and Emotional Factors, including stress, Paperwork
requirements, Equipment reliability, Temperature, Fear, Diet, Illness, Economics, Humidity,
Age of vessel, Company culture and Management style, Stress, Rules and Regulations,
Training and Selection of crew, Personal problems, Interpersonal relationships, Frequency of
port calls, Physical comfort in work spaces, Noise levels, Time between ports, Alcohol,
Caffeine, Traffic density on route, Age, Nature of duties/workload while in port, Shiftwork
and Work Schedules.

Crew-specific Factors Management Factors Ship-specific Environmental

(ashore and aboard Factors Factors
ship)
4 Have you ever experienced fatigue because of these factors? Tell about your experience.

Reading
5 Answer the questions.

 How can you recognize fatigue in yourself?

 How can you recognize fatigue in the others?
 What’s more difficult: to recognize fatigue in yourself or in the others?

6 Read the text and check your answers.

HOW CAN YOU RECOGNIZE FATIGUE IN YOURSELF AND OTHERS?

You may exhibit one or more changes in behavior when experiencing fatigue. However,
one very important fact to remember is that people who are experiencing fatigue have a very
difficult time recognizing the signs of fatigue themselves. It is difficult for a number of
reasons, but largely because fatigue can affect your ability to make judgements or solve
complex problems. The following list describes how fatigue affects your mind, emotions and
body; you may recognize some of these changes in others (with time, you may learn to
identify some within yourself):
A. Physically:
• Inability to stay awake (an example is head nodding or falling asleep against your will)
• Difficulty with hand-eye coordination skills (such as, switch selection)
• Speech difficulties (it may be slurred, slowed or garbled)
• Heaviness in the arms and legs or sluggish feeling
• Decreased ability to exert force while lifting, pushing or pulling
• Increased frequency of dropping objects like tools or parts
• Non-specific physical discomfort
• Headaches
• Giddiness
• Heart palpitations / irregular heart beats
• Rapid breathing
• Loss of appetite
B. Emotionally:
•Increased willingness to take risks
 • Increased intolerance and anti-social behavior
• Needless worry
• Reduced motivation to work well
• Increased mood changes (examples are irritability, tiredness and depression)
C. Mentally:
• Poor judgement of distance, speed, time.
• Inaccurate interpretation of a situation (examples are focusing on a simple problem or
failing to anticipate the gravity of the situation or failing to anticipate danger)
• Slow or no response to normal, abnormal or emergency situations
• Reduced attention
• Difficulty concentrating and thinking clearly
• Decreased ability to pay attention

Language Study

7 Match the words with their synonyms.

1. slurred a) impatience, irritation, fretfulness

2. giddiness b) carefulness, thoughtfulness, alertness
3. irritability c) in distinct, blurred, inarticulate
4. attention d) heartbeat, heartquake, heart rate
5. palpitation e) dizziness, lightheadedness, faintness

1 2 3 4 5

8 Fill in the gaps, using the words from act. 7.

1. “I’m so tired of it all!” – Bosun cried with exaggerated ______________.

2. Chief Officer never drank coffee in those days, as it brought on ______________ of the
heart.
3. That ordinary seaman was very tired that’s why his speech was ____________.
4. Captain told OOW that he should pay _____________ to each target on the radar.
5. I felt _______________ after long working hours on the deck when we were in African
port.

9 a) Tick the option that best describes your experience and tell your group mates about it.

Fatigue rating form

Never Sometimes About half Most of Always

(1 point) (2 points) the time time (5)
(3) (4)
Sleep for 1–2 hours less
than my ideal amount of
sleep
Sleep for 3 or more
hours less than my ideal
amount of sleep
Poor quality sleep
(disturbed by noise,
light, ship motion,
vibration)
Sleep in split shifts over
24 hours
Start a trip when already
tired
I fall asleep at work
I am forgetful or make
mistakes
Work long days (12
hours plus)
My working hours are a
danger to my personal
health and safety
Work is mainly boring
and uneventful
Additional duties extend
my working day
On the job not enough
breaks or breaks are too
short
Time off between rosters
is not enough to recover
from fatigue
Poor diet (lots of fried
foods, high fat and sugar
content)
Frequent caffeine
consumption
Family or personal stress
Physical environment is
extreme (high seas, heat,
cold)
During a working day
(or night) I feel tired
most of the time
I am very tired when I
drive home
Others on board look
tired
10 a) Write questions to the information from the table.

Model: Sleep for 1–2 hours less than my ideal amount of sleep. – Did you sleep for 1-2 hours
less than your ideal amount of sleep?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b) Interview your partner about his last practice and tell the class if your partner suffered from
the fatigue.
11 Look at the picture and discuss what the case is about.

At 2342 on 10 October 2005, the British registered general cargo vessel Lerrix ran
aground off the Darss peninsular in the Baltic Sea. The single hold vessel was carrying a
cargo of second hand vehicles destined for Klaipeda in Lithuania. Twenty five minutes later
the master re-floated the vessel using astern propulsion, narrowly avoiding a second
grounding as he did so.
It was the master’s first full command with the company. Earlier the same day, the
vessel had transited the Kiel Canal, and the master reported that his rest period between
midnight and 0600 had been disturbed by nervous tension brought on by the vessel’s
approach to, and navigation down the River Elbe. During the afternoon, the master suffered a
second disturbed rest period while transiting the canal, making several visits to the bridge to
check progress and, finally, to pilot the vessel outbound from the canal lock to sea.
At about 2230, the lookout requested and was granted permission to proceed below to
complete cleaning the galley. A short while later, the master fell asleep in the bridge chair. As
a result, the vessel missed a planned alteration of course at 2242 within the TSS and continued
on a 090 heading at 10.5 knots until grounding at 2342. The vessel’s movements were
monitored by Warnemunde VTS and, when it became apparent that the vessel was not
following the prescribed route, the VTS operators made several attempts to contact Lerrix by
VHF, but received no response.
When the mate arrived on the bridge at midnight the master, who had woken seconds
before, was seen at the engine control lever with maximum astern power set. The general
alarm was sounded, soundings were taken and at about 0007 the vessel floated free and
proceeded to anchor close by. The master was breathalysed for alcohol consumption – the test
proved negative.

12 Complete the table.

Time Event
13 Answer the questions..
 Why did it happen?
 Who is guilty?
 Was it only one person’s error?
 How was it possible to prevent?
Speaking
14 Look at the poster and create your own
poster: “How to fight fatigue”. Present your
ideas.

15 Read the cases and match them with the pictures.

 A ___ B ___

Case 1
A rating, John, is standing on a hatch. It is just past noon and the sun is beating down on
his arms and shoulders. He can taste salt when he licks his lips. It will be nice to get work
finished. He just has to check the last lashings after leaving port. Then he can go in and have a
nice cool shower and get into his bunk. He was on watch all night because his mate reported
sick. He is well aware that he is tired and he occasionally makes some small stupid mistakes.
A moment ago, he nearly tripped over a lashing on the hatch. John gets to the last lashings
placed on the side of the ship. He shakes his head. The dockers have positioned them
wrongly. If only the mate could just check up on the dockers. Then there would be no reason
for John here to be walking around.
He looks over his shoulder up to the bridge. No, they cannot see him. If he forgets about
getting the fall arrest, he can quickly fix the lashings and get back to his bunk. He reaches for
the further edge but his foot is jammed. He loses his balance. The blue colour of the deck
rushes up towards him. He curls up to save himself - but too late.

Case 2
It has just gone 04.30 hours and it is still dark outside. The mate has just poured yet
another cup of coffee to stay awake. He has been on watch since midnight and there are still
some hours before he is relieved. It will be good to get to his bunk after the last few days of
hard work in port. He quickly calculates: 6-8 hours of sleep a day but split into bits meaning
he has only had 3 - 5 uninterrupted hours of sleep at a time. But that was what he had to do to
get everything to work out. He sits still in his chair. It gets more difficult to focus on the radar
screen and the picture becomes fuzzy and monotonous. His thoughts slide slowly to his
forthcoming holiday and things to do when he gets home. They could take a holiday cottage.
He can see the children in front of him - they are on a swing. He wakes up with a shock
through his whole body. The alarm has gone off…..
16 Read the case once more and answer the questions:
1.What’s happened?
2.Were the seaman’s actions correct?
3.Was it only one person’s mistake?
4.Why did the accident happen?
5.What had to be done to prevent the accident?

Speaking
17 Group 1. Create memo “Staying awake on night watch”.
Group 2. Create memo “Tips for sleeping well aboard the vessel”.
Present your ideas to the group.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Check Your Competency

Module 1
Occupational safety
1. What is occupational safety?
2. What is MLC?
3. What are the main aims of MLC?
4. When was MLC adopted?
5. What are the main titles of MLC?
6. What are the main documents under MLC?
7. What is the complaint procedure under MLC?
8. What is fatigue?
9. What are the main causes of fatigue?
10. How to recognize fatigue?
11. How to fight fatigue?
12. What are the main provisions of Drug and Alcohol Policy?
13. What are the main seafarer’s rights?

Word List
Module 1
Occupational safety
Labour Protection
bargaining agreement коллективный договор колективний договір
compliance контроль за соблюдением контроль за дотриманням
требований вимог
comprehensive полный; обширный повний
conducive способствующий; сприяючий; сприятливий;
 благоприятный;
consecutively последовательно послідовно
decent достаточный достатній
designation определение, назначение на визначення, призначення
должность на посаду
distinctive особенность; характерная особливість; характерна
черта риса
disturbance нарушение порушення
dorm спальня спальня
enable позволять; дозволяти; пристосовувати;
приспосабливать;
enforcement давление; принуждение; тиск; примус;
enforcement принуждение примус
ergonomics инженерная психология інженерна психологія
foster благоприятствовать; сприяти
implementation выполнение виконання
infirmity физический или моральный фізичний або моральний
недостаток; недолік
mandatory обязательный для обов'язковий для
исполнения виконання
manning комплектование личным комплектування особовим
составом складом
mental сознательный; свідомий; вироблений в
производимый в уме розумі
objective цель мета
occupational safety техника безопасности техніка безпеки
pillar столп; опора стовп; опора
ratification подписание підписання
recruitment подбор кадров підбір кадрів
repatriation возвращение на родину повернення на батьківщину
retention удержание; сохранение; утримання; збереження;
victimization надувательство обдурювання
welfare Благосостояние добробут

Seafarer’s rights
abolition аннулирование анулювання
alteration изменение зміна
beverage напиток напій
clause пункт, статья пункт, стаття
coherent четкий, правильный, чіткий, правильний,
понятный зрозумілий
consumption потребление споживання
discretion осторожность обережність
distribution распространение поширення
intervene вмешиваться втручатися
legitimate законный законний
mutual обоюдный обопільний
obligation обязанность обов'язок
possession владение володіння
premature досрочный достроковий
stipulate ставить условие ставити умову
withhold удерживать утримувати
 Fatigue
exert прилагать докладати
fatigue усталость втома
garbled бессвязный, искаженный нескладний, спотворений
giddiness головокружение запаморочення
humidity влажность вологість
irritability раздражительность дратівливість
palpitation сердцебиение серцебиття
rapid быстрый, скорый швидкий
shiftwork работа по сменам робота по змінах
sluggish вялый, медленный млявий, повільний
slurred нечеткий нечіткий
willingness готовность готовність
 MODULE 2

MEDICAL CARE ON
BOARD
You’ll be able to:
1. simulate 'medical officer - patient' consultation on board
2. simulate ‘ship – coast station’ medical consultation
Essential Competency: simulate onboard and radio medical consultations with regards to
symptoms and treatment

Topic 1
Duties of Person in Charge of Medical Care
Starter

Decide which piece of information is true.

1 2
The master of the The chief mate is in charge of
ship is responsible keeping a lot of the ships emergency
for medical care on plans updated and running practice
board ships which emergency drills. Also, he is usually
have no doctor the medical officer aboard as most
aspart of the crew. ships do not have a medical doctor.

3
The second officer is the third in command and a
watchkeeping officer,
customarily the ship's
navigator.Other duties
vary, but the second
officer is often the
medical officer
providing aid during
medical emergencies.

Reading

1 Read the text to check your guesses.

Maritime Labour Convention: Title 4, Standard A4.1, 4 (c)
Ships which do not carry a medical doctor shall be required to have either at leastone
seafarer on board who is in charge of medical care and administering medicineas part of their
regular duties or at least one seafarer on board competent toprovide medical first aid; persons
in charge of medical care on board who are notmedical doctors shall have satisfactorily
completed training in medical care thatmeets the requirements of the International Convention
on Standards of Training,Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended
(“STCW).
2 Brainstorm the duties of the person in charge of medical care.

MEDICAL OFFICER

3 Discuss.
a) What international documents focus on medical care on ships?
b) What authorities nominate one of the officers to be in charge of medical care?
c) Should every crewmember have First Aid Certificate?
d) What other types of medical certificates are there for seafarers to get?
e) Can medical care onboard be of good quality?
f) Why might it be difficult to organize medical care on board a ship?

4 a) Read and attach the beginning to each paragraph.

a ship at sea / on board a sea-going vessel / officers must be trained
international regulations / the officers who have / the legal basis
1 ______________________________(ILO Conventions) statethat medical care on
board ships should be as comparable as possible with what is available ashore. This may to
some extent be possible on large cruise ships, but on commercial transport vessels it is very
difficult to achieve.
2 ______________________________is in many ways a difficult location in which to
provide for medical care: the facilities in terms of equipment and remedies may be less than
satisfactory; the position of the vessel may be days away from nearest port and/or not
reachable by a helicopter; the care has to be given by non-professionals with a varying degree
of medical training; weather conditions may make the handling of the patient problematic; the
medical chest may not have the most appropriate medicine, and the conventional treatment of
some conditions may not be possible on board. Hence, the quality of medical care on board
will depend on the following elements:

 Medical training of ship officers

 Ship hospital facilities
 The information in the International Medical Guide for Ships or other guides
carried
 Medical chest and its contents
 Access to telemedical advice and its quality
 The possibilities for medical evacuation
3 ______________________________to perform medical tasks and to follow
instructions given by radio or obtained from medical guides. This training should include
what to do in case of common shipboard accidents and illnesses.
 4 ______________________________for the training of nautical officers is given in
the STCW Code PartAChapter VI. On the basis of the requirements stated in these chapters
IMO has produced a series of model courses:
•Model course 1:13 “First Aid” 60 hrs
•Model course 1:14 “Medical First Aid” 80 hrs
•Model course 1:15 “Medical treatment” 40 hrs
5 ______________________________the responsibility for medical issues on board
must have completed all three courses, the first two deal mainly with safety issues, but also
with the treatment of injuries.
6 ______________________________the medical care usually rests in the hands of
the first or second deck-officer – the decision remains under the final responsibility of the
ship’s captain. Many sorts of ailments and injuries can be handled by the officers on board,
possibly after first having sought additional advice of a TMAS (Telemedical Assistance
Service). There are evident limits to the capabilities of ship’s officers to diagnose and treat
medical conditions; in addition, there are limitations to the medical facilities and equipment
on board. These limits will differ to some degree, depending on a number of individual
factors: the medical training of the crew, the equipment on board as well as the vessel’s
position and its distance to the nearest port.
b) Find the answers if any to the questions in activity 3.
c) Skim the text and add some of the Medical Officer’s duties to the scheme in activity 2.

5 Tick the correct variant.

1 a Medical officers on merchant ships handleany medical issues on the ship.
b Medical officers on merchant ships handlesome common medical issues on the ship. A
2 a Medical officersare not qualified doctors but they are given basic training.
b Medical officers are not qualified doctors; they only need to consult International Medical
Guide for Ships.
3 a Medical officerscan provide basic first aid and administer medication.
b Medical officers can provide basic first aid,administer medication, and operate the injured
crew.
4 a Medical officers give final diagnosis of the actual medical problem.
b Medical officers help diagnose the actual medical problem.

Language Study

6 Match the synonyms.

1 facility, n A medical care
2 seek, v B medicine
3 ailment, n C give
4 handle, v D aid / appliance
5 treatment, n E ask / look for
6 administer, v F manage
7 remedy, n G disease

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7 Write the word for each definition.

1 an illness / disease, typically a minor one
2 medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury
3 to give someone a medicine or medical treatment in a
formal way
4 a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury
 5 manage (a situation or problem)
6 a place or piece of equipment provided for a particular
purpose
7 a person in charge of medical care on a merchant ship

8 Complete the sentences.

Medical officers on merchant ships mostly take care of any (1)______________
issues on the ship. They can (2) ______________ an emergency and help to diagnose the
actual medical problem.Medical officers are not qualified doctors but,along with the basic
medical training and years of practice on the ship, medical officers become quite good with
diagnosis and (3) _________________________ of emergencies. They cannot operate, but
they can provide basic first aid and (4) _______________________ basic medication. For
more serious complaints, they must (5) ______________________ medical advice from
ashore. Thanks to modern (6) _____________________and technologies a mariner can now
get treatment faster when on ship.

Reading / Speaking

9 Title the columns with the words:

- Knowledge, understanding and proficiency
- Criteria for evaluating competence
- Competence
STCW Code: Table A-VI/4- 2 (abridged)
Specification of minimum standard of proficiency for persons in charge of medical care on board ship
1 2 3
Provide medical Care of casualty involving: Identification of symptoms is
care to the sick .1 head and spinal injuries based on the concepts of
and injured . 2 injuries of ears, nose, throat and eyes clinical examination and
while they .3 external and internal bleeding medical history
remain on board .4 burns, scalds and frostbites
.5 fractures, dislocations and muscular Protection against infection and
injuries spread of disease is complete
.6 wounds, wound healing and infection and effective
.7 pain relief
.9 management of acute abdominal Personal attitude is calm,
conditions confident and reassuring
.10 minor surgical treatment
.11 dressing and bandaging Treatment of injury or
Diseases, including: condition is appropriate and
.1 medical conditions and emergencies conforms to accepted medical
.2 sexually transmitted diseases practice and relevant national
.3 tropical and infectious diseases and international medical
Medical care of rescued persons guides
Hygiene
Disease prevention, including: The significance of changes in
.1 disinfection, deratting patient’s condition is promptly
.2 vaccinations recognised
Keeping records and copies of
applicable regulations
.1 keeping medical records
.2 international and national maritime
medical regulations
10 In groups, speak on what you can do / have done of the things in column 2.

Sick bay
(synonyms: ship’s hospital / infirmary)
Starter

Discuss how different and similar the bays are.

1 Complete the passage with the words:

accommodation, convention, duration, positioning, protection, regulations, directions,
ventilation
The legal basis for the ships’ hospital or sick bay is found
in
- ILO convention 92«___________ of Crews
Convention”, article 14, and further , in
- ILO _______________164 “Health _____________ and
Medical Care (Seafarers) Convention”, article 11,
- and EEC (Economic European Community”) directive
92/29 “Medical treatment on board vessels” that also
contain regulations with regard to the ship hospital.
A sick bay is mandatory for vessels with a crew above 15
and voyages of longer than3days _______.
The_______________ give _______________ on
______________ of the hospital, size, access, lighting,
_______________, water closet, number of berths etc.

2 Skim and title the paragraphs.

What is Sick Bay on Ships?

1 ______________________________
A room or compartment on ships which is dedicatedly used for medical purposes (for
the treatment or accommodation of the sick) is known as a sick bay or ship’s hospital. The
medical room must have all the necessary facilities that are required to treat an injured or sick
person on board. The facilities provided in the sick bay depend on the type and purpose of the
ship.
 2 ______________________________
According to ILO convention 92, all the ships having a crew of 15 or more and
engaged in voyage of three days or more must have a dedicated medical room or ship bay on
board. This is imperative to give necessary treatment and care to a patient or injured person in
a favorable environment with appropriate medical facilities.
Further, ILO convention 164 article 11 and EEC directive 92/29 also contain
regulations with regard to the ship hospital. The regulations give directions on positioning of
the hospital, size, access, lighting, ventilation, water closet, number of berths etc.
3 ______________________________
Traditionally a sick bay is designed in such a way that it can treat the injured patient
with facilities which are not used by other crew members. This is done to avoid spreading of
the disease and provide special intensive care to the patient.
The sick bay will contain the ship's medicine chest, which may be divided into
separate cabinets, such as a refrigerator for medicines requiring cold storage and a locked
cabinet for controlled substances such as morphine. The sick bay and the medicine chest
should be kept locked, with the keys only being available to the medical officer and the ship's
master.
4 ______________________________
The ship bay should have the following:
• A separate washing facility
• A separate bathroom
• Separate water closet
• Temperature control facilities
• An extra cabin to accommodate patients during long term care or to provide sleeping
accommodation until an emergency occurs
• Should have the facility to convert into an isolation ward
• Must have two outlets for emergency power, which should be sufficient to operate all
the medical equipment including operating lights
• Proper ventilation facilities
Many modern ships have ship bays with latest technologies such as telemedicine and
examination and monitoring equipment to deal with onboard emergency situations.

3 Circle the correct variant.

1 The ship’s sick bay must be equipped with all the facilities necessary
a) to treat sick crewmembers b) to treat injured c) to treat sick and injured
crewmembers crewmembers
2 A sick bay is mandatory on board the vessels with the crew
a) of about 15 b) of 15 c) of 15 or more
3 It’s not imperative to have a sick bay if the vessel is engaged in voyage
a) of two days b) of three days and more d) of ten days
4 The facilities for treating a patient in the sick bay can be used by
a) any crewmember b) sick and injured c) officers only
crewmembers
5 The keys to the sick bay and the medicine chest can be available to
a) the medical officer b) Master c) both Master and medical
officer
6 Regulations about ship’s sick bay are specified in
a) STCW Code b) ISPS Code c) ILO Conventions
4a) Draw a sick bay scheme with required facilities.

b) In pairs, discuss similarities and differences between your schemes.

5 Circle the duties of a person in charge of medical care in the sick bay.

1 Washing the floor

2 Monitoring the content of medicine chest
3 Repairing the refrigerator
4 Daily examination of the sick bay
5 Making records in the medical logbook
6 Completing medical examination form
7 Hanging the curtains
8 Interviewing a patient
9 Making injections
10 Administering medication
11 Keeping watch
12 Desinfection and deratting

Language Study

6 a) Decide which word defines the object in the picture.

b) Define the words using a dictionary.
imperative
spread
outlet(US) /
socket (Br)
7 Complete the sentences with the words above.

1. Keeping the sick bay clean is __________ to the person in charge of medical care. 2. The
fridge is connected to a properly grounded __________. 3. I have found a total of two
electrical __________ in the sick bay. 4. It is __________ that you follow safety working
practices in order not to be injured. 5. Bill __________ his arms to show he had no rashes in
the armpits. 6. A smile __________ across Max’s face on learning he had no fracture. 7. It's
unbelievable how fast the news of John’s cardiac arrest __________ around the ship. 8. If you
have a stomachache, it's __________ that you inform the officer in charge of medical care
about it immediately! 9. It's__________you examine the crewmember with health complaints
at the earliest opportunity. 10. Prevent __________ of infection with frequent hand washing.
11. It’s__________that you continue to stay in bed for a couple of days more. 12. Don't plug*
the fridge and the kettle into the same __________ or you'll blow a fuse*. 13. They did
another X-ray this morning and saw the infection __________ to the other lung. 14. The
electrical current isn't very strong for the __________ in the sick bay. 15. We can't put a lamp
in the sick bay because there is no __________ to plug it in.
Notes:

*plug
*fuse

8 Student A: You are a crewmember complaining of a stomachache / abdominal pain.

Symptoms
● Pain: mild/ sharp/severe stomach ache, or stomach cramps ● Fever ● Vomitting
● Inability to pass stool ● Painful or unusually frequent urination ● Have difficulty
breathing
Student B: You’re Medical Officer. Ask the patient about the symptoms and give instructions
using the word ‘imperative’.
Questions: Instructions:
■ Ask about each symptom the patient reports: ● Eliminate alcohol,
● What were the first symptoms? caffeine, and tobacco.
● How, where and when did the symptom start? ● Drink chamomile, ginger,
● Has the symptom changed over time? How? and peppermint teas.
■ Ask about other symptoms that the patient may not have ● Suck on a raw lemon.
reported: ● Avoid late-night snacks.
● Have you noticed any changes in other parts of your body or ● If stomachache persists,
in any bodily functions, since this problem appeared? Has there worsens, or is accompanied
been even slight: by other symptoms, seek
● breathlessness / ● change in bowel habit/ medical advice.
● change in the amount, colour, or consistency of urine passed
/ ● headache/ ● rash ● fever
Medicine chest

9 Unscramble the sentences.

1. for storing medicine. | or cabinet | is a container | A medicine
chest
2. and suitable storage | of the IMO and ILO | governed | must have
| for them. | All ships | by the regulations | adequate medical
supplies

3. medical products | to hold | The medicine chest | the most

common medical emergencies. | is designed | a range of | needed for
4.the seafarer’s health |is a key to | Adequacy, uniformity and
quality | at his work-place. | of the medical chest and equipment |
the safeguard of
10 Read and complete the table.
Maritime Labour Convention: Title 4, Standard A4.1, 4 (a)
All ships shall carry a medicine chest, medical equipment and a medical guide,
thespecifics of which shall be prescribed and subject to regular inspection by the
competentauthority; the national requirements shall take into account the type of ship,the
number of persons on board and the nature, destination and duration ofvoyages and relevant
national and international recommended medical standards.
 Mandatory items Mandatory actions

11 Read the text and make a list of guidelines.

Maritime Labour Convention, Guideline B4.1

The medicine chest and its contents, as well as the medical equipment andmedical
guide carried on board, should be properly maintained and inspected at regularintervals, not
exceeding 12 months, by responsible persons designated by the competentauthority, who
should ensure that the labelling, expiry dates and conditions ofstorage of all medicines and
directions for their use are checked and all equipmentfunctioning as required. In adopting or
reviewing the ship’s medical guide used nationally,and in determining the contents of the
medicine chest and medical equipment, thecompetent authority should take into account
international recommendations in this field including the latest edition of the International
Medical Guide for Ships, andother guides mentioned in paragraph 2 of this Guideline.
1 ______________________________________________________________________
2 ______________________________________________________________________
3 ______________________________________________________________________
4 ______________________________________________________________________
5 ______________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER!
Keep the medicine chest always efficient and checked regularly

before departure from every port

replacing immediately exhausted or expired stocks
12a) Match the titles and the paragraphs.
Basic Rules for Managing the Medicine Chest
1 Responsibility A Medicines must be inspected regularly to make sure they have not
reached or exceeded their expiry dates: those that have, should be
replaced and then taken to a pharmacy to be destroyed. Certain types of
medical equipment also have expiry dates. Moreover, some countries
impose fines on ships entering their territory with expired medical items
on board.
2 Keeping B Drawers or medicine cabinets should be large enough to store
Records medicines and equipment in an orderly manner so that they are easily
identified and available for immediate use. Generally, items of the same
type or category should be stored in a box, shelf or drawer, properly
46abeled. All medicines must be kept in good condition and protected
against humidity and temperature extremes. A refrigerator should be
available nearby for storage of items that must be kept at 2-8°C.
 3 Identification C A list of medicines and medical supplies should be carried on board
of Medicines and regularly updated. The list should include, for each item, such details
as expiry date, storage conditions, and quantities remaining after purchase
or use. A record of treatment given to any person on board, including the
type and quantity of any medicines administered, must be entered in the
ship’s log. In addition, the master of the vessel is required to maintain a
register of controlled drugs.
4 Storage D The ship’s master is responsible for managing medical supplies kept on
board although he may delegate responsibility for their use and
maintenance to a properly trained crew member. Nevertheless, however
well-trained, crew members are not medically qualified. A doctor should
always be consulted about serious illness or injury or when any doubt
exists about the proper action to take in treating a patient.
5 Expiry Date E All medicines listed in this guide are identified by their generic or
approved name, since local brand names may differ from country to
country. The box or package for every medicine, therefore, should be
labelled with its generic name. The dose per tablet, capsule, or
vial/ampoule and the expiry date of each item should be clearly indicated
on the package or container. If the label is illegible or if the contents of
an opened or unlabeled package or container cannot be identified, the
medicine should be destroyed.
From International Medical Guide for Ships
1 2 3 4 5
b) Discuss
 which responsibility might be most time-consuming / most boring / most important
 what might happen if any of the responsibilities is neglected

Physical Examination, Diagnosis and Treatment

13 Read and put the steps in the proper places.

When a seafarer falls sick at sea or when there is medical emergency, timely medical
treatment is necessary. Correct medical diagnosis has to be done and right treatment has to be
provided to the patient. This requires
 Radio medical advice has to be taken from ashore for the right diagnosis, treatment
 Assessmentby interacting with the patient and Stabilization of the patient onboard
 Again, where necessary, after medical advice has to be taken from ashore
 Use of necessary medicineonboard
All the above activities have to go on, in the shortest possible time.
 1.

2. 3.

Language Study 4.

14 Circle the synonyms to the italicized words.

1. The severity of an injury or an illness cannot be properly assessed without a careful,
systematic examination of the patient.
a hardness b softness c mildness
2. You must always have the patient’s consent to medical examination and treatment.
arefusal / bdisagreement /cpermission
3. You should necessarilyseek medical advice from ashore for more serious complaints.
aavoid / bask for / canswer
4. The history and the findings of the physical examination must be recorded concisely,
accurately and completely.
abriefly / blengthily / cwordily
5. Everything you learn about a patient while caring for them is confidential.
asecret /bpublic / cwell-known

15 Discuss if and how the words are connected with PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.
Reading

16 Mark the statements as True (T) or False (F). Correct the false ones.
1 When arriving in the sickbay, each crew member should be informed of
his right to give or refuse consent to examination and treatment.
2 It is necessary for a patient to sign a document to indicate consent.
3 When you ask a patient for his consent to examination or treatment, his
silence indicates his consent.
4 A patient must never under any obligation explain a decision for refusing
consent to examination or treatment.
5 You can give treatment without consent only to an unconscious person.
6 You must seek medical advice whenever a patient refuses treatment of a
serious illness or injury.
7 You must seek medical advice whenever you cannot answer a patient’s
question
17a) In pairs, compile a list of questions to ask a sick crewmember.

b) Compare your lists with a recommended sample in the end of Topic 1.

18 Read the case.

a) Answer the questions.
1. What health problem did the repairman from Poland experience? Was it an injury?
2. Why didn’t he talk to Chief Mate on his own?
3. What diagnosis did Chief mate make?
4. What treatment was prescribed?
5. Did Chief mate examine the sick repairman?
6. Who visited the sick repairman?
7. Was the treatment appropriate?
In the incident which occurred on board the M/V Sally Maersk in
June 2000 on a voyage from Hong Kong to Long Beach, a
repairman from Poland suffered from pain in his back and fever.
Due to poor English language skills he asked his colleague –
another repairman from Poland – to act as an interpreter for him
during the medical consultation with the chief officer. The sick
repairman had an injury in his back few days ago. His colleague
was aware about this and assumed that the pain was caused by the
injury. The sick repairman explained and asked his colleague to
translate that he had pain and felt sick with fever, but the information about fever was lost in
the translation and the chief officer got the impression that the problemwas the pain
assumably caused by the injury.The chief officer prescribed mild pain killers as the only
treatment. The Polishrepairman paid several visits to the sick repairman in the following two
days. The sick repairman complained about his illness and the fever which had become worse.
During the last visit the sick repairman seemed to be asleep and his colleague left him without
talking to him. Later that day the sick repairman was found dead and the cause of death was
pneumonia.
b) Simulate a conversation to make an entry into the medical logbookand administer
medication.
Student A: You are Chief Officer.Student B: You are the sick repairman (imagine you can
speak English).

Name Class or Age Sex Nationality Port, date joined

rating ship
1 2 3 4 5 6

Nature of illness Date of onset Reported to a Disposal Drugs/medicines Comments

of symptoms port medical of case* or other treatment
officer? given to patient
7 8 9 10 11 12

*State: (1) whether the person recovered, is still ill or died; and (2) whether the person is still
on board, was evacuated (including the name of the port or airport), or was buried at sea.
Medication: Ibuprofen
Dosage form, strength coated tablet 400 mg
Indications (on board ship)  to reduce inflammation
 to reduce mild-to-moderate pain, especially if associated with
inflammation
Consult doctor before using no
Adult dosage  400-800 mg every 6 hours
 maximum 3200 mg (=8 tablets) per 24 hours
 take with food

19 Read the case. a) Complete the sentences.

1. The deck team consisted of _____________________________________
2. The OS started greasing a winch with _____________________________
3. The OS put his left hand on _____________________________________
4. The Bosun didn’t know that _____________________________________
5. The Bosun told another crew member to ___________________________
6. The OS got __________________________________________________

April 20, 2015

After breakfast, the deck team undertook the greasing* of the aft
mooring winches. Using a grease gun, an OS began greasing a winch.
The O/S was holding the hose of the grease gun with his right hand
while resting his left hand on the groove where the winch gear is
engaged.
The Bosun, unaware that the OS was resting his left hand on the groove
grease gun of the winch engagement, ordered another seaman to turn the
winch slowly to maximise the greasing effect.
Suddenly, the OS using the grease gun
shouted ‘Stop, stop, stop’. The winch was
stopped immediately, but not before the gear
had seriously wounded his hand. The victim was
treated for deep lacerations** in the hospital and
repatriated, being declared unfit for work for 14
days.
 Notes:
*greasing - lubricating with an oily substance
**laceration - a torn wound or an accidental cutwound

b) In pairs, complete the medical record form. Student A – You are Medical Officer:
interview Student B to complete the form, Student B – You are the OS: answer the questions.

Ship master’s report form

Date of report ________________________________
Ship’s identity and navigation status
Name ____________________________________
Owner ___________________________________
Name and address of on-shore agent ______________________________________
_______________________________________
Position (latitude, longitude) at onset of illness ______________________________
Destination and ETA (expected time of arrival) ______________________________
The patient and the medical problem
Surname and first name ________________________________________
Sex _______________ Male …… Female
Date of birth (dd-mm-yyyy) ___________________________
Nationality ____________________
Seafarer registration number _______________________
Shipboard job title _______________________
Hour and date when taken off work _________________________
Hour and date when returned to work ________________________
Injury or illness
Hour and date of injury or onset of illness ______________________________________
Hour and date of first examination or treatment _________________________________
Location on ship where injury occurred ________________________________________
Circumstances of injury ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Symptoms _______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Findings of physical examination _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Findings of X-ray or laboratory tests __________________________________________
Overall clinical impression before treatment ____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Treatment given on board ___________________________________________________
Overall clinical impression after treatment ______________________________________
Telemedical consultation
Hour and date of initial contact _______________________________
Mode of communication (radio, telephone, fax, other) ____________________________
Surname and fi rst name of telemedical consultant _______________________________
Details of telemedical advice given ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
N.B. Attach all relevant medical reports to this report form.
Note: A ship master’s report form should be completed by the ship’s master assisted by the
crew member assigned to basic medical duties: this form, which should be filed in the ship’s
medical log, provides a brief but sufficiently comprehensive record of every medical case
managed on board.
20 Read the text. Highlight the problems of consulting a doctor in port.
In his home country a sick seaman normally consults his family doctor or a doctor of
his shipping company. The situation becomes quite different as soon as the seaman falls ill on
board and the ship, as it is usual nowadays, has no ship’s doctor and treatment has to be given
by the captain or another officer on board. This treatment comprises only urgent first aid
measures. The patient will be sent to a doctor in the next port.Seafarers have the right to visit
a medical doctor or dentist without delay in ports of call wherepractical.
In most countries seamen cause problems for a general medical practice because they
present very specific difficulties. The main problem is the language barrier. Besides this there
are some other difficulties concerning the treatment of seamen. The specific conditions on
board like working conditions, watch systems and environmental load such as noise,
vibration, macro- and microclimate, gas, dust and vapours demand doctor’s wide knowledge
of very atypical complaints of patients to decide whether the seaman can continue his duty on
board or not.
Often ships nowadays remain only a short time in the port so that usually there is very
little time left for special investigations and treatment. The seaman’s doctor must be able to
perform laboratory examinations, ECG, X-raying etc. with no delay and to make diagnosis
quickly. Normally all these measures have to be taken in one or two days, sometimes in a few
hours.
When seafarers are sent to a doctor, they should take with them information about
their medical history, previous treatment, or reports of medical investigations carried out at
other ports. It is often very difficult to get an adequate history of the present complaint unless
the seafarer can speak English or an interpreter is available. With the reduced number of crew
members, it is usually not easy for the captain to send an officer to act as an interpreter.

21 Complete with the missing verbs in appropriate forms.

Communicating with doctors

As a matter of courtesy as well as of information, a letter or form (1)
_______________ always _______________ with anypatient who is going to see a doctor.
The crew member will be a stranger to the doctor andthere may (2) _______________ a
language difficulty. A written communication in a foreign language (3 )_______________
ofteneasier to understand than a spoken one. The letter (4) _______________ routine
particulars about thecrew member (name, date of birth) and about the ship (name of ship, port,
name of agent,owner). The medical content of the letter (5) _______________ a systematic
approach and should givethe doctor a synopsis of all that is known about the person which
may be relevant, includingcopies of any information from doctors in previous ports. This is
why the use of a form for thispurpose is particularly valuable because the doctor can then (6)
_______________ to write back to theMaster on the form.

22 Read the case.

a) Interview the patient.
b) Administer treatment using International Medical Guide for Ships.
c) Complete the Medical Treatment Report.

A seafarer was hired as a galley boy for a period of 9 months. During employment, he
felt a sudden pain in his chest that radiated to his back. Since then, he experienced incessant
cough, nasal congestion*, difficulty in breathing, physical weakness and chills**.
The seafarer consulted a doctor in port of call whodiagnosed him with pneumonia and
bronchial asthma. He also declared him unfit to resume work until complete recovery.
Notes:
*nasal congestion – stuffy nose, obstruction or stoppage of air in the nose
**chills - a sensation of cold, with convulsive shaking of the body

Medical Treatment Report

1 Vessel: Master:
2 Owner’s name and address:
3 Patient: Name
Rank
4 Symptoms/Treatment on Board

5 Agent
6

Ship’s Stamp Date and master’s signature

7 Doctor’s Diagnosis

8 Able to work? YES NO If not, how many days?

9 Treatment necessary? YES NO
on board YES NO
in hospital YES NO
10 Repatriation necessary? YES NO
11 Remarks:

12 Date and Place Doctor’s Signature

23 a) Match the physical states with the symptoms.

1 A seaman serving on board the St. A Fainting, body temperature above 105
Vincent & Grenadines general cargo degrees Fahrenheit
vessel S.R. was infected by malaria. Other symptoms: headache, dizziness;
red, hot, and dry skin, rapid heartbeat,
nausea, vomitting
2 A seafarer suffered heat stroke during his B Fever, severe aches in muscles and
work onboard the vessel while in the joints, pain and tiredness around your
 Middle East due to the abnormal high eyes, weakness, red and watery eyes,
temperatures in the area where the ship headache, dry cough, sore throat and
berthed runny nose
3 The chief officer of a general cargo vessel C Fever, chills, headache, sweats,
suffered serious injuries after heavy metal fatigue, nausea and vomiting
plate crashed on his feet during unloading
operations, due to mishandling of one of
the vessel’s cranes by another
crewmember.
4 Working on deck in windy weather, an D Wounded toes, broken foot bones,
AB got flu. The symptoms came on quite blood on feet, inability to walk
suddenly.

1 2 3 4

b) Describe treatment for the health problems above using International Medical Guide for
Ships
.
24 Simulate a 'medical officer - patient' consultation on one of the situations in activity 23.

25 Debate!!!

It’s possible / not possible to ensure high quality medical care onboard.
 Topic 2
Radio Medical

Radio medical advice

Starter

Write out the phone numbers. Define in what emergencies they are used.

1__________ 2__________ 3__________ 4__________

5__________ 6__________ 7__________

Reading

1 Discuss.

 What can be the reasons for requesting radio advice?

 Who has the right to call Radio Medical?
 Where should he call to request medical advice?
 Are there any other ways to ask for medical advice
beyond the vessel?

2 Decide what must be done before asking for a radio medical advice.

1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________

Radio medical advice is available free of charge to provide support

in cases where an individual suffers either illness or an accident at sea.
The advice is intended to supplement the first aid training of the ship’s crew
and the written guidance that is available, such as the International medical Guide for Ships.
3 Skim the text to check your guesses.
Radio medical advice
This is available by radio telegraphy, or by direct contact withthe doctor by radio
telephony from a number of ports in all parts of the world. Details of world wide services can
be found in the Admiralty List of Radio Signals (ALRS) Vol 1. Satellite telecommunications
using facsimile and voice have facilitated this direct contact. Additionally, it may, on
occasion, be obtained from other ships in the vicinity whichhave a doctor on board. In either
instance it is better if the exchange of information is in a language common to both parties.
Coded messages are a frequent source of misunderstanding and should be avoided as far as
possible. However, the medical section of the International Code of Signals should be used
whenever appropriate.
Telemedicine systems are in development, exploiting digital image handling and
telecommunications technology. As yet they are experimental, expensive and of limited
benefit, however, in the near future well supported, effective and affordable systems will
emerge.
It is very important that all the information possible is passed on
to the doctor and that all his advice andinstructions are clearly
understood and fully recorded. A comprehensive set of notes
should be ready to pass on to the doctor, preferably based on the
appropriate format: one for illnesses, another for injuries. Have a
pencil and paper available to make notes and remember to
transcribe these notes to the patient’s and to the ship records
after receiving them.It is a good idea to record the exchange
ofinformation by means of a tape recorder if one is available.
This may then be played back to clarify written notes. Some
countries may not be aware of the contents of your ship’s
medical chest and it will save time and bother ifyou have a list of
drugs and
appliances available. Whencontacting British or other doctors who may be aware of
thestandards required in British ships, be prepared to notifythem of the category of medical
stores carried and whetherthere are any deficiencies likely to affect treatment in theparticular
case.
It may be necessary, under certain circumstances, to withhold the name of the patient
when obtaining medical advice in order to preserve confidentiality. In such cases the patient’s
name and rank may be submitted later in writing to complete the doctor’s records. Age, sex
and ethnic origin aremore important than the patient’s name.

4 Mark the statements as True (T) or False (F). Correct the false ones.
1. An external medical advice can be received via telex from the nearest port only.
2. Information about organisations and stations offering medical support are listed in
Admiralty List of Radio Signals.
3. English is the language that should be used when asking for medical advice.
4. Each piece of information must be clearly understood and fully recorded.
5. A specific set of notes should be used in case of illnesses and in case of injuries.
6. It’s mandatory to provide the doctor with the patient’s name.
Viewing

5 Watch the video ‘The Eyes Have It!’

Describe:
 Ship type, weather and state of sea
 Medical emergency
 Actions of the crewmembers involved
 Radio Medical advice requested and received

6 a)Match the words that go together.

1 phosphoric A solution
2 eye B name
3 saline C irrigation
4 brand D abrasions
5 corneal E acid

1 2 3 4 5
b) Describe the video situations in which the word combinations are used.

Reading / Speaking

7 Highlight the differences between the information sets. Discuss possible reasons.

Information to be ready when requesting RADIO MEDICAL ADVICE

Complete the appropriate form or notes before asking for assistance. Give the relevant
information to your radio medical adviser. Get any advice you are given down in writing as
you
receive it, and repeat back to your adviser to avoid misunderstanding.
A. In the case of illness B. In the case of injury
1.0 routine particulars about the ship 1.0 routine particulars about the ship
1.1 name of ship 1.1 name of ship
1.2 call sign/MMSI/INMARSAT number 1.2 call sign/MMSI/INMARSAR number
1.3 date and time (GMT) 1.3 date and time (GMT)
1.4 position, course, speed 1.4 course, speed, position
1.5 last port of call 1.5 last port of call
1.5.1 port of destination is ………… 1.5.1 port of destination is …………
and is ………… hours/days away and is ………… hours/days away
1.5.2 nearest port is …………and is 1.5.2 nearest port is …………and is
………… hours/days away ………… hours/days away
1.5.3 other possible port is …………and is 1.5.3 other possible port is …………and is
…………hours/days away ………… hours/days away
1.6 local weather (if relevant) 1.6 local weather (if relevant)
2.0 routine particulars about the patient 2.0 routine particulars about the patient
2.1 name of casualty (optional) 2.1 name of casualty (optional)
2.2 ethnic origin 2.2 ethnic origin
2.3 rank 2.3 rank
2.4 job on board (occupation) 2.4 job on board (occupation)
2.5 age 2.5 age
3.0 particulars of the illness 3.0 history of the injuries
3.1 when did the illness first begin? 3.1 exactly how did the injuries arise?
3.2 how did the illness begin 3.2 how long ago was that?
(suddenly,slowly ………… )? 3.3 what does the patient complain of?(list
3.3 what did the patient first complain of? the complaints in order ofimportance or
3.4 list all his complaints and symptoms severity)
3.5 describe the course of his presentillness 3.4 give important past illnesses/ injuries/
from the beginning to thepresent time operations
3.6 give any important past 3.5 list ALL medicines/tablets/drugs which
illnesses/injuries/operations the patient was taking before thepresent
3.7 give particulars of known illnesseswhich injury (injuries) and give dosesand how often
run in the family (family history) taken
3.8 describe any social pursuits oroccupations 3.6 list any known allergies
which may be important(social and 3.7 has the patient been taking any
occupational history) alcohol or do you think he is on drugs?
3.9 list all medicines/tablets/drugs whichthe 3.8 does the patient remember everything
patient was taking before thepresent illness that happened, or did he lose
began and give thedose(s) and how often consciousness even for a short time?
taken 3.9 if he lost consciousness, describe when,
(see 6.1 below) or how long, and the depth of
3.10 list any known allergies unconsciousness.
3.11 has the patient been taking anyalcohol or
do you think he is on drugs?
4.0 results of examination of the sick person 4.0 results of examination
4.1 temperature, pulse and respiration 4.1 temperature, pulse and respiration
4.2 describe the general appearance ofpatient 4.2 describe the general condition of patient
4.3 describe the appearance of theaffected 4.3 list what you believe to be thepatient’s
parts injuries in order ofimportance and severity
4.4 what do you find on examination ofthe 4.4 did the patient lose any blood? If so,how
affected parts (swelling,tenderness, lack of much?
movement, and soon)? 4.5 what tests have you done and withwhat
4.5 what tests have you done and withwhat result (urine, other)?
result (urine, other)?
5.0 diagnosis
5.1 what do you think the diagnosis is?
5.2 what other illnesses have you
considered (the differential
diagnosis)?
6.0 treatment 5.0 treatment
6.1 list ALL the 5.1 describe the first-aid and othertreatment
medicines/tablets/drugswhich the patient has which you have carried outsince the injuries
taken or beengiven since the illness began occurred
andgive the dose(s) and the times givenor 5.2 list ALL the
how often given (see 3.9 above). medicines/tablets/drugswhich the patient has
Do not use the term taken or beengiven, and give the dose(s) and
‘standardantibiotictreatment’. Name thetimes given or how often given. Donot use
theantibiotic given. the term ‘standard antibiotic
6.2 how has the patient responded tothe treatment’. Name the antibiotic given
treatment given? 5.3 how has the patient responded to
thetreatment?
7.0 problems 6.0 problems
7.1 what problems are worrying you now? 6.1 what problems are worrying you now?
7.2 what do you think you need to beadvised 6.2 what do you think you need to beadvised
on? on?
8.0 other comments 7.0 other comments
9.0 comments by the radio doctor 8.0 comments by the radio doctor

8 Read the case. Complete the Radio Medical Consultation Form.

On 6 November 2004 an occupational accident occurred on board the tanker TORM

GUNHILD, call sign OUQA2, 28,909 GT, built in 1999. The ship was on voyage from New
York to Port Said. The wind was south, 5 Beaufort and sea 5 (approximately 2 metres).
According to the report form, a crewmember was working in the engine room when he
slipped on a ladder and hit his back on step of the steel ladder. A heavy rolling of the ship was
mentioned as the cause of this accident.
On 12 November 2004, the crewmember contacted the officer in charge of medical care on
board the ship who held a valid Medical Care Certificate
The following appears from the logbook: NN complaining about sore back, due to slipping on
engine ladder a couple of days ago. Treated with mild painkillers– monitoring development.
The officer in charge of medical care followed the Radio Medical recording in his
examination of the patient and entered the information on the examination in the ship’s Radio
Medical journal. However, the description of the injury is short.
The ship did not contact Radio Medical in connection with the crewmember’s course of
disease.
On 19 November 2004, the following appears from the logbook: NN still complaining about
sore back. Doctor arranged in Port of Suez.
On 21 November 2004, the crewmember consulted a doctor in Port of Suez. From the report
issued by the doctor the following appears among other things:
• Fit for duty: Yes
• Patient recommended to be signed off: No
• The patient is in need for rest on board for two weeks
From the logbook and the Radio Medical recordings it appears that the crewmember was
treated on board according to the Suez doctor’s instructions on 21 and 27 November 2004.
On 8 December 2004 the crewmember was examined by a doctor in Singapore. By the
Medical Report issued by the doctor in Singapore the following appears among other things:
• Fit for duty: No
• Patient recommended to be signed off: Yes
The crewmember was signed off due to illness on 8 December 2007 in Singapore. The
examination carried out subsequently shows that the crewmember was suffering from severe
back problems.

Radio Medical Consultation Form

The following ten items should be reported in the first communication.

1 Name of company,
nationality
2 Occupation
3 Name of patient, sex Male Female
4 Date of birth (age) D /M /Y
5 Patient’s condition at onset of illness
6 Current symptoms, medication, injections, treatment, and questions
About internal organs About injury

1. Pulse /min 2.Breathing /min 3.Temperature 4.Blood pressure mm/Hg

5.Consciousness 6. Sleep 7. Appetite 8.Excretion
9. Skin condition 10. Position, posture
7 Pre-existing conditions

8 Type of medical kit, names and quantities of medication on board

9 Ship’s position

10 Direction of sail and scheduled arrival date at the next port

The standard medical consultation form for seafarers facilitates the exchange
of medical and related informationconcerning individual seafarers between
ship and shore in cases of illness or injury. (MLC)

9 Agree or disagree with the statements.

The sequence of events proves
1. the importance of contacting Radio Medical at an early stage in a progress of a disease
2. the importance of conducting the primary treatment thoroughly
3. the importance of putting a patient to bed in case of injury
4. the officer in charge of medical care acts as the eyes, ears and hands of the medical
advisor from Radio Medical
5. it is the doctor at Radio Medical, who makes the diagnosis
6. the officer in charge of medical care performed a satisfying primary examination of
the patient
7. it is important to contact Radio Medical irrespective of the fact that the patient has
been examined by a doctor abroad

The competent authority shall ensure by a prearranged system

that medical adviceby radio or satellite communication to ships at sea,
including specialist advice, is available 24 hours a day;
medical advice, including the onward transmission of medical messages
by radio or satellite communication between a ship and those ashore giving the advice,
shall be available free of charge to all ships irrespective of the flag that they fly. (MLC)

10 Read the text and mark separation spaces between the words where necessary.
A) Providing medical assistance to ships at sea was probably one of the first practical
applications of telemedicine. At present about 200 different organizations worldwide give
medical assistance to ships without a doctor on board. The physicians of this unique Radio
Medical Service know the maritime world, know what can go on aboard a ship and are able to
diagnose a patient based on symptoms that have been described via radio or satellite while
being at a great distance. Also, they are proficient at bridging language barriers and are
selected on this skill. Dependingon thesituationthephysiciancanprescribemedicationoradvise
the patienttodisembarkandhavehimtakentothenearestharbour.
B) Numerouscoaststationsthroughouttheworldoffera24-hourmedicalservicetoshipping. Ships
canseekamedicalconsultationaboutillnessorinjurybymakingaradiotelephonecallorsendingatele
xtotheappropriatecoaststation. This radiomedical consultation is given free of charge but
incurs no responsibility. Consultations by the exchange of telex or telephone calls are also
free of charge. Administrations undertake to forward medical advice messages with the least
possible delay. Insitutionswherearadiomedicalconsultationisrequiredveryquicklytheuseofthe
urgencysignal“PANPAN”(sent three times)isrecommendedtogainpriority.
C) When requesting medical assistance for an ill or injured person, information concerning: a)
the patient; and b) the ship will be required by shore authorities.Although use of the English
language is normal, some administrations mayspecifythe language to be used in the exchange
of messages. Where this causes difficulty, the useof the International Code of Signals,
Volume II (medical section) is highly recommended and messages should be given in the
correct format.

11 Underline the key sentence of each paragraph. Give your reasons.

Language Study

12a) Circle the words in the text;b) Tick the correct definitions.
1 a physical education teacher at schools and higher education
physician, n institutions
2 a person qualified to practise medicine, especially one who
specializes in diagnosis and medical treatment
3 an expert in or student of physics
1 to keep away from or stop oneself from doing (something)
incur, v 2 to give an affirmative answer to (an offer or proposal); say yes to
3 to make oneself subject to; to bring down upon oneself
1 to get into one's hands or into one's possession, power, or
undertake, v control
2 to accept as responsibility and begin (an action); to take on
3 to make a choice from a number of alternatives
1 the act of getting or keeping away from something undesirable
delay, n 2 a statement that you are unhappy or not satisfied with something
3 a situation in which something happens later than it should
1 to get or reach (something) by working hard
gain, v 2 to get (something wanted or valued)
3 to make (something) larger or greater in size, amount, etc.

13 Cross the odd word out.

1 physicist doctor physician therapist

2 incur receive obtain complain
3 take on atempt refuse undertake
4 postponement delay hold rush
5 gain get increase achieve
Reading

All ships should carry a complete and up-to-date list of radio stations through which
medical advice can be obtained; and, if equipped with a system of satellite
communication, carry an up-to-date and complete list of coast earth stations through
which medical advice can be obtained. Seafarers with responsibility for medical care or
medical first aid on board should be instructed in the use of the ship’s medical guide
and the medical section of the most recent edition of the International Code of Signals
so as to enable them to understand the type of information needed by the advising
doctor as well as the advice received. (MLC)

14 Circle the abbreviations you know. Why are they important for getting telemedical advice?
1 2 3 4 5
VHF TMAS ALRS GMDSS C.I.R.M

15 Read the text and complete your part of the table.Student A reads text 1.Student B reads
text 2.
1. The International Radio Medical Centre (C.I.R.M.) is a non-profit organization
headquartered in Rome It was founded in 1935 with the purpose of giving radio medical
advice to ships of any nationality navigating on all seas of the world, to civil airplanes and to
small Italian islands.
The Centre has its headquarters in Rome, and its medical services are completely free
of charge. They also include arrangements for the transfer, if necessary, of a patient to a ship
with a doctor on board or if the distance allows it, to evacuate the patient for hospitalization.
Requests for medical advice reaching C.I.R.M. are handled by doctors on continuous duty at
the C.I.R.M. headquarters. These doctors advise on the appropriate treatment and keep in
contact with every ship that has asked for assistance, following up the progress of the patient
until his recovery or evacuation to the hospital on shore.
More than 65% of requests for telemedical advice received by C.I.R.M. are from non-
Italian ships. This indicates the really international nature of C.I.R.M.'s activity. Mostmedical
requests come from the Atlantic Ocean, followed by the Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean and
Pacific Ocean. In terms of pathologies assisted, accidents took the first place, followed as
main pathologies by gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular pathologies, respiratory
disorders, infectious and parasitic diseases and nervous system complaints.
In International waters, the Master should contact:
INTERNATIONAL RADIO MEDICAL CENTRE (C.I.R.M.)
Phone: 39-06-54223045 OR 39-348-3984229
Facsimile: 39-06-5923333
E-Mail : [email protected]
C.I.R.M. TMAS
Location

Purpose

Free of charge?

Functions
2. Maritime Telemedical Assistance Services (TMAS), sometimes referred to as Medico
services, because of its radio code, is a medical advice service forseafarersthat can provide
distant assistance and support throughmarine radio,e-mail, telephon or fax. In coordination
with the local Maritime Rescue Coordination Center(MRCC), TMAS organizations also
arrange formedical evacuation to shore, emergency treatment at land facilities and the
dispatch of medical personnel to ships with sick mariners.
Theship's masteris responsible for medical treatment at sea, and all commercial ships
are required to possess minimal medical supplies. TMAS specialists diagnose cases using
non-expert symptom descriptions and advise untrained personnel about emergency treatment
given the available supplies and facilities.
All seafaring nations are required byMatitime Labour Convention (2013) to set up a
TMAS center that operates 24 hours a day.TMAS are established independently by each
country, sometimes as independent organisms (such as those of Spain and Italy), sometimes
as adjunct units of a major hospital with suitable emergency, trauma and quarantine facilities.
The center must be staffed by physicians trained in remote consultation and in the
peculiarities of shipboard treatment to all civilian ships within their Search and Rescue
Region(SRR).
Some of the functions TMAS is responsible for are: be available 24 hours per day, 7
days a week to receive requests from vessels at sea; make prompt medical assessments of
remote patients and provide prompt advice to ships’ Masters in relation to medical treatment
to be administered to those patients, generally by non-medical personnel; where it is essential
for the safety of the patient, taking into account all circumstances, make recommendations to
ship Masters for evacuation of patients to shore-based facilities or to another
vessel;recommend a medical facility to which the patient should be evacuated; make
appropriate arrangements with the medical facility to receive the patient.

16 a) In pairs, share information to complete the table.

b) Discuss similarities and differences between the two organisations.

17 Answer the questions.

1. What’s the difference between VHF and IMMARSAT?
2. How to operate aVHF set and an IMMARSAT phone?

18. Read and write down the steps of getting medical advice via VHF.
MEDICAL ADVICE VIA VHF
If the Master of any vessel requires medical advice, they should
contact the Coastguard on VHF channel 16 (156.8 MHz), VHF or
MF DSC, requesting “Radio Medical Advice”. In an urgent situation,
you should broadcast an Individual Urgency alert using VHF or MF
DSC followed by a call VHF channel 16 or MF 2182 kHz, and using
the Standard Marine Communication Phrase"PAN PAN".
The Coastguard will give priority to requests for Radio Medical Advice. A doctor from a
hospital participating in the radio medical advice service will be contacted by telephone and
will be linked to the vessel through the Coastguard via an appropriate VHF channel or MF
frequency. While the call is being placed, the coastguard will establish additional
information with the vessel relating toposition, a description of the vessel, and if appropriate,
brief details of the casualty.
VHF Channels 23, 84 or 86 permit duplex working and will normally be used for these
medilink calls.
Note: The radio medical advice service is free of charge. All radio and telephone traffic to
and from the Coastguard Service is recorded for the purposes of public safety, preventing
and detecting crime.
19 Scan the text. Title the paragraphs.
MEDICAL ADVICE VIA INMARSAT
1 _______________________________________________________
Provision is made in GMDSS for ships to obtain medical advice or assistance at any
time by utilizing the Inmarsat satellite communication system. Vessels can call the
appropriate national authority by telex or telephone. For medical advice,ships should use the
short code 32; this connects the ships with the relevant medical authorities directly or to a
special operator who will ensure that the message is passed to the medial authorities. For
example, ships dialling code 32# to Stratos LES will be automatically connected to a doctor.
For NBDP the code is 32+. For medical evacuation, the code is 38. Or Master may also
request medical advice or medical evacuation by contacting nearest MRCC by Inmarsat
phone, the contact details being mentioned in ALRS Volume I.
2 _______________________________________________________
A standard message format as shown below should be used for this type of message:
a) Word MEDICO
b) Name of the ship
c) Ship’s identification number (IMN) and call sign
d) Ship’s position
e) Condition of the ill or injured patient
f) Symptoms
g) Any other information considered valuable
3________________________________________________________
To obtain radio medical advice Masters should first contact HM Coastguard.Contact
should be made on either MF DSC, VHF DSC, VHF Channel 16 or INMARSAT. Urgent
calls for assistance may be broadcast using the normal Urgency prowords PAN PAN as
follows:
"PAN PAN" x 3
"All Stations" x 3 OR Individual Coastguard /Coast Station x3 (if name known)
"This is [ship name]" x 3
"Call Sign ………."
"In Position …….."
"I require medical advice. Over."
Users should not use mobile telephones forseeking medical advice or assistance.
[For calls to medical authorities other than those associated with a LES whose telex or
telephone number is known the normal ROUTINE call procedure is used].
Notes:
LES - Land Earth Stations
NBDP – NAVTEX transmissions are also called narrow-band direct printing
IMN – Inmarsat mobile number

20 Group the SMCP.

I require medical assistance.
What kind of assistance do you require?
I require radio medical advice.
I will arrange for medical advice on channel ... /frequency ... .
Have you doctor on board?
Yes, I have doctor on board.
No, I have no doctor on board.
 SMCP used on board SMCP used by coast stations

21 Complete the text with the words:

temperature | 44 | suffered | assistance | 2 | delirious | All Stations | penicillin | chest |
pneumonia | PAN PAN| cough | injection
Request for medical assistance from master
"PAN PAN" ___________ ___________
"_________________ _________________ _____________________
"This is El Faro. ________________ _________________
"Call Sign WFJK." ________________ ____________________
"In Position …….."
"I require medical _____________. Over."
“I __________ radio medical advice.”
“No, I have no doctor on board.”
‘I have a male aged __________ years. Casualty has been ill for __________ days.
Casualty has __________ from bronchitis. Onset was sudden. Casualty is __________.
Casualty has fits of shivering. __________ taken in mouth is 40. Pulse rate per minute is 110.
The rate of breathing per minute is 93. Casualty has__________pain. Part of the body
affected is right chest. Pain is increased on breathing. Casualty has severe __________.
Casualty has blood-stained sputum. Casualty has been given __________ injection without
effect. Casualty has received treatment by medicaments in last 18 hours. My probable
diagnosis is __________.’
Medical advice from doctor
‘What kind of assistance do you __________ ?
“Have you __________ on board?”
“I will arrange for medical advice on channel ... /frequency ... .”
‘Your diagnosis is probably right. You should continue giving penicillin __________.
You should repeat every 12 hours. Put patient to bed lying down in absolute rest. Keep
casualty warm. Give fluid diet, milk, fruit juice, tea, mineral water. Give water very freely.
Refer back to me in 24 hours or before if casualty worsens.’

22 In pairs, role play the the radio medical consultation above.

23 Simulate the situations.

Situation 1
The first communication (2 November)
On a bulk carrier, the deckhand AB, Philippine national, aged 34, had swelling and
pain in the joints of both big toes on 30 October. Pontal was administered but then
discontinued after urine volume decreased. Gout is suspected, but please advise on diagnosis
and treatment.
 In the return communication, the doctor said that an attack of gout was a possibility,
indicated that the patient should rest and avoid drinking alcohol, and prescribed an analgesic/
anti-inflammatory (indacin) along with liquids so that the patient’s urine output would be
about 2,000 ml a day.
Notes:
swelling an abnormal enlargement of a part of the body
joint a place in the body where two bones are connected
toe any of the five digits at the end of the human foot
pontal anti-inflammatory medication with analgesic
urine liquid waste produced by the kidneys
gout a form of arthritis that causes severe pain and
swelling in the joints

The second conversation (28 November)

The attack of gout subsided after a week, so he continued on board. He was examined
at a hospital while the ship was in port on 26 November. Uric acid was high, 11.6, and gout
was diagnosed, but the patient insisted on returning to his ship and reboarded on 28
November. Now the right knee is red, swollen and painful, but there is no pain in the toes.
Temperature is 37.5 C, pulse 76/min and blood pressure118/82. Urination is 4 times at night,
about 1500 ml output daily. Please advise treatment.
It is not known whether or not the hospital in port advised him against boarding; nor is
it clear whether he received medication for lowering uric acid after the attack had subsided. It
would have been better if his condition between 3 and 28 November had been observed and
reported. In the return communication, the diagnosis was crystalline gonarthritis caused by
gout. Indacin or colchicine was prescribed for attacks, and a uricosuric after the symptoms
had subsided and he returned to work. Instructions were given to measure uric acid regularly,
but such cases are often neglected after the attack has subsided, so careful guidance is needed
in this case.
Notes:
subside - become less intense, violent, or severe
urination–sending urine out of the body

Situation 2
The first communication (27 November)
31 years old, a multipurpose ship, jaundice in eyes and skin of the whole body for two
days, growing worse. Temperature 36.8 C, blood pressure 106/62, pulse 84/min. Patient is
delirious, does not focus eyes, does not eat, vomitted blood several days ago but concealed it.
Scheduled to arrive at midway on 28 November. Please advise treatment.
In the return communication, cirrhosis of the liver was suggested, and hepatic coma
was strongly suspected. Instructions were given for the patient’s blood pressure, pulse rate,
state of consciousness, vomiting of blood to be observed, and for the ship to make port as
soon as possible.
Notes:
jaundice - yellowish pigmentation of the skin and sclerae (the whites of the eyes)
delirious - not able to think or speak clearly especially because of fever or other illness
hepatic – relating to the liver
The second communication
According to the second communication, the patient had been told 4 months ago in a
hospital in a certain city that he had chronic liver disease, but had boarded ship without
submitting his diagnostic record. If his illness had been known, he would not have been able
to board, but such cases sometimes occur. Unfortunately, the subsequent progress in this case
is unknown because there was no further communication.
 Medical evacuation

Starter

a) Write down the steps of delivering a sick or injured person to a hospital ashore.
Student 1 - by ambulance
Student 2 - by ship-to-shore medevac

Ambulance Ship-to-shore medevac

1______________________________________1 ___________________________________
2______________________________________ 2___________________________________
3_____________________________________3___________________________________
4______________________________________4___________________________________
5______________________________________ 5___________________________________
6______________________________________6___________________________________

b) In pairs, discuss how different or similar thesteps are.

Reading / Speaking

1 Discuss.
 Who decides whether a person should be delivered / evacuated to a hospital in the family
and on ship?
 What are the reasons for medevac of a crewmember?

2 a) Skim the text and find dummy sentences.

In evaluating the need for medical evacuation, the risks should be given deep
consideration and only attempted when the patient is in a serious condition. The benefits of
such evacuations must be weighed against the dangers posed to the patient being evacuated
and to the crew of the rescue craft.
The decision to evacuate a patient from a vessel and secondly, which mode of
evacuation is chosen, is sometimes evident but can also be a difficult choice. This decision is
the result of a number of factors such as probable diagnosis and prognosis as well as the
facilities available. Sometimes, those may be the patient’s friends in his country who
recommend evacuation.
To assist in making a decision on the necessity of evacuation, medical advice can be
obtained from an MRCC or coast radio station. Such stations will normally transfer the call to
a doctor. Medical advice messages should be addressed to the nearest coast station offering
this service appropriate to the area in which the vessel is sailing. The coast station can demand
for a box of aspirin to be delivered ashore. The Master or person responsible for the ship
should sign such messages. Details of stations offering medical advice are contained in
Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume I. It should be noted that the final decision on
whether to conduct an evacuation or not resides with the person in command of the rescue
craft.
 The initiative for a medical evacuation will be taken either by the captain or by the
doctor. Most often the two parties will agree on the decision to take but there may be
differences of opinion, each party sometimes having different aspects in view. The nearest
RCC (Regional Coordination Centre) or coastal station, or the organisation that is actually
going to conduct the evacuation will also have a say in the matter, if not the final one. If the
parties can’t come to a decision, a relevant IMO committee is called. In cases where
differences of opinion arise, these arguments should be clearly brought forward, each
respecting each other’s professional (medical versus nautical) arguments and come to an
understanding whether an evacuation is necessary and what mode of transport offers the best
prospects.

b) Scan the text and tick the correct option.

1 Medevac should be attempted in case the patient
A is in a threatening B is sick C is injured
condition
2 The decision to evacuate a patient from a ship is made by
A the consulting doctor B by the helicopter pilot CMaster
3 Medical advice messages should be sent to
A the nearest port B the consulting doctor C the nearest coast station
4 The initiative for a medevac is taken by
A the consulting doctor B Master C an RCC / coast station
officer
5 The details of coast stations offering medical advice are in
A Notice to Mariners B Admiralty List of Radio C Sailing Directions
Signals

3 Read the items and distribute them among different types of information.
Location of pain / Name, address and phone number of the vessel’s agent / Symptoms /
Name, nationality and radio call sign or identification number (MMSI or IMN if using the
Immarsat system) / Time of last food consumption / Position of vessel and next port of
destination / With accident cases, how the accident occurred / ETA, course and speed / Last
port of call, next port of call and ETA of next port of call

MEDEVAC: Information to be furnished to MRCC

The information furnished to MRCC or coast radio station should include the items
outlined below. In certain cases it may also be necessary to amplify this message by including
additional information.
Information about the vessel
a)
b)
c)
d) Additional pertinent remarks (ths could include details of the type of vessel, the colour of
the hull, or other distinguishing features)
Information about nearest port
a)
b)
c) Communications and homing signal available
Information about the patient
a) Patient’s name, age, gender, nationality and language
b) Patient’s respiration, pulse rate, temperature and blood pressure
c)
d) Nature of illness or injury, including apparent cause and related history
e) (visible and those felt by patient)
f) Type, time, form and amounts of all medications given
g)
h) Ability of patient to eat, drink, walk or to be moved
i)
j) Whether the vessel has a medicine chest with an appropriate class of drugs or whether a
physician or other medically trained person is aboard
k) Whether a suitable clear area is available for helicopter hoist operations or landing
l) additional pertinent remarks
Once the doctor ashore has all the available information a medial assessment of the
seriousness of the situation can be made. The doctor will normally give advice to the ship’s
staff as to immediate care of the patient or casualty. On completion of the communications the
doctor will advise the SAR authorities as to the most appropriate evacuation method and
whether helicopter evacuation is desirable. The MRCC will make appropriate arrangements to
maintain communication with the ship.

4 Complete the sentences.

1. MRCC is ____________________________________________________
2. Specific information ___________________________________________
3. Pertinent remarks mean ________________________________________
4. Besides information about the patient, _____________________________
5. Basic information about the vessel _____________________________
6. Information about the nearest port is necessary ___________________
7. The doctor ashore __________________________________________

Language Study

5 Compare the differences in meaning.

clean –clear
patient – casualty
physician – doctor
hoist – raise
pertinent – relevant
6 Match the words.
Clear vs Clean Hoist vs Raise
photograph hand
area flag
cabin glass
overall ropes
water doubts
road stretcher
sick bay voice
deck alarm
sky loading
stretcher patient
Reading

7 Discuss.
1. Is it necessary to supply the patient being evacuated with any written information?
2. What type of information should it be?
3. When should it be prepared?
8 Read the case and complete the form.

Bulk Carrier Explodes off Bermuda,

Filipino Sailor Suffers Full Body Burns
September 29, 2012 by R.Almeida
With a full cargo of coal destined
for Karachi, Pakistan, the Marshall
Islands-flagged bulk carrier Sea Moon
was about 140 miles southwest of
Bermuda when an explosion occurred in
one of her cargo holds at 3:05pm on
Friday. One of the ship’s Filipino
crewmembers was lost overboard during
the incident, and subsequently recovered
via the vessel’s fast rescue craft. Sea Moon, a 33,044 GT bulk carrier
With the recovered sailor suffering full-body burns, the ship notified the Bermuda
Maritime Operations Center announcing their intention to divert for medical evacuation and
that their cargo was stable with no signs of fire.
In a statement by the Bermuda Marine Operations Center, “The Sea Moon” arrived
off the east end of Bermuda at 2:45am on the morning of Saturday 29th September and local
authorities boarded her in company with a doctor. The casualty was stretcher transferred to
the pilot boat St. David and conveyed to Ordnance Island where an ambulance was waiting
to take him to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital.
The ship is presently at anchor 1.5 miles east of St David’s Lighthouse where she will
remain until company representatives and surveyors have inspected her.”

International Medical Guide for Ships

Ship’s identity and navigational status form
(To be used when calling for medical evacuation)
Vessel name _______________________________________________________________
Call sign __________________________________________________________________
Date and time (GMT) ________________________________________________________
Communications resources ____________________________________________________
Flag of registry _____________________________________________________________
Home port ________________________________________________________________
Vessel classifi cation _________________________________________________________
Helicopter deck _________________________Yes 􀂅 No 􀂅
Length (m) ________________________________________________________________
Position (latitude/longitude) ___________________________________________________
Course ___________________________________________________________________
Speed ____________________________________________________________________
Intended port of destination ___________________________________________________
Nearest port _______________________________________________________________
Other possible ports of call ____________________________________________________
On-scene sea state __________________________________________________________
Wind direction _____________________________________________________________
Wind speed _______________________________________________________________
Visibility __________________________________________________________________
Weather conditions __________________________________________________________
Patient health status form
(To accompany patient being evacuated)
Surname and first name______________________________________
Age (years)_________________________________________________
Sex___________
Time (hour) and date_______________________
Vital signs
Blood pressure (systolic/diastolic)_________
Pulse (beats/min)_______________________
Body temperature (oral), note F or C________________________
Presenting medical problem: symptoms, site(s) of pain or injury, time of onset, duration of
problem, contributing factors___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Treatment given (medication, dressings, etc.)____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Telemedical advice received_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Other current medical problems______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Past history of significant medical problems ___________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Current medication being taken (generic and brand names; dosage; time of last dose)
_________________________________________________________________________

9 Put the actions into correct sequence.

Preparation of the patient for evacuation

 Add to the medical record, in the envelope, notes of any treatment given to the patient.
See that he is tagged if morphine has been given to him.
 If possible ensure that your patient is wearing a lifejacket before he is moved to the
stretcher.
 Place in a plastic envelope the patient’s medical records (if any) together with any
necessary
papers (including passport), so that they can be sent with him.

Reading

10 Discuss.
What difficulties can arise when a patient is being prepared for medevac?

11 Read the text ‘Modes of Evacuation” and complete the chart.

Student A: text 1 - ‘Ship-Shore’

Student B: text 2 – ‘Ship-Ship’
Student C: text 3 – ‘Ship – Helocopter’
 Mode of Motives Procedures Safety vs danger
evacuation

1 Ship-shore

2 Ship-ship

3 Ship -
helicopter

Modes of evacuation
1. Ship-shore
A critically sick crewmember on board a
ship can provide a significant challenge for even
the most experienced officer in charge of medical
care. For very serious conditions, such as heart
attacks or strokes, theofficer should arrange to
have the patient transferred to a hospital on shore
as quickly as possible as he needs the attention of
physicians on land.
If the medical situation of the patient
allows and the distance towards a shore-based
medical facility is within acceptable reach in
distance and time, the safest and most comfortable mode of evacuation is by the vessel itself
delivering the patient. This may imply that the vessel changes its course towards a nearer port
than the one that was scheduled. Via the RCC or the vessel’s shipping agent medical
transportation on land (usually an ambulance) will need to bearranged separately to transport
the patient to a medical facility ashore. This is considered to besafest and most comfortable
way of medevacing a patient.
2. Ship-ship
If ‘ship – shore’ evacuation is not feasible, the vessel may arrange a rendezvous with
another vessel and transfer the patient. This may have two different motives.
Most often the patient will be transferred onto a vessel, such as a lifeboat or ambulance boat,
serving primarily for the transport to a medical facility ashore, these boats being faster and
more manoeuvrable than the vessel itself. They mostly have personnel on board with
medicaltraining often equaling or surpassing that of the ship’s crew, so they can be of help in
stabilizing the patient before transferring him onto the lifeboat. Pilot’s vessels or sometimes
shipping agents’ craft may be needed to transport a patient ashore.
Sometimes the patient may be transported to a vessel offering more advanced medical
care. Naval vessels, passenger cruise vessels and hospital ships are some examples of ships
that will offer help in case of medical emergencies, sometimes far out at sea.
The risks of transferring a patient from one vessel onto another at sea must not be
underestimated. Even if the sea is calm, walking down the gangway for a sick or injured
person, and hopping onto a smaller vessel always has its potential hazards
If the patient needs to be transported on a
stretcher, this stretcher will need to be lowered by
ropes down the side of the vessel (in cargo ships
this may be as high as twelve metres), to be landed
on the deck of the smaller craft below.
Two large vessels adjoining at sea may
sometimes be unfeasible. Transfers at sea onto
larger ships (naval vessels, cruise ships, hospital
ships) require an intermediate transfer in one of the
vessel’s dinghies, thus implying two transfers ship-
to-ship.
3. Ship-helicopter
Helicopters are fast in transporting the patient
towards more advanced medical help. A helicopter’s
range, however, is limited to an average of 150-200
nm outside the coast, this being a question of fuel
supply. SARhelicopters are normally manned with a
doctor and a medic who can assess the situation,come
toa preliminarydiagnosis,give advanced first aid
treatment andstabilizing the patient. The helicopter
crewalso bring in advanced medical equipment. It may
be that the doctor decides, once the patient is
sufficiently stabilised, not to transport the patient by
helicopter, but to have him transported by the vessel
itself to the nearest port. If the patient cannot be stabilised, it may be hazardous to have him
undergo the extra physical and emotional stress of a helicopter evacuation.
It may also happen that a critically ill or injured patient cannot be saved, and that it is
best for the body to remain on board.
A helicopter evacuation is a costly operation and not without dangers in itself,
especially when the weather conditions are adverse. The helicopter crew put their own safety
at risk, so their decision whether or not to fly must be well-balanced. In ideal cases, the vessel
will have a helicopter platform / helipad on which the aircraft can land, offload the doctor and
possibly a helper, wait until the patient is stabilised and secured on a stretcher, and load
everyone back on the craft. If there is no landing platform, the doctor and other crew will need
to be lowered by a line from the helicopter, and the aircraft will need to wait in the air.
Sometimes the helicopter may return to shore or to an offshore oil-rig to refuel and return to
pick up crewmembers and the patient.
Aboard the helicopter the possibilities for further stabilisation and treatment are
minimal due to noise, movement and restrained space.

13 Discuss.
Which mode of evacuation is dangerous /scary /fast /reliable /expensive?
Language Study

Grammar Spot
HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE
This structure is widely used in describing the actions performed for you by someone else,
usually in the form of services.It can be used in different tenses.
The doctor may decide to have the patient transported by the vessel itself.
It means the patient didn’t transport himself but it was arranged for him by other people.
Compare:
I will wash the floor in the sick bay. (It means he did it himself.)
I will have / getthe floor in the sick bay washed. (It means he will organize somebody to
wash it.)
Also,we use it when we talk about things that happen to us.
We had / got a thermometer fallen and broken apart in the storm.
You had me worried.

14 Complete the sentences. Make clear the people don’t do it themselves.

Model: Yesterday Chief Mate (repair / the fridge). Yesterday, Chief Mate had the
fridge repaired.

1We need to (clean the curtains).

2 Could you (change the bed linen)?
3 The OS (break his arm) in rough weather.
4 When will you (install the heater)?
5 I’d like to (fill in the medical form).
6 We will (deliver this medication) by
Friday.
7 The Bosun is going to (repair the
stretcher).

15 Read each situation and then write a sentence with have something done.
Model: Jim´s overall was dirty, so he took it to the laundry. Now it is clean. What has
Jim done?He has had his overallwashed.

1. Tom thinks his eyesight is getting worse, so he´s going to an eye doctor in the nearest
port. What is Tom going todo there? He is______________________________________
2. Steve is at the sick bay at the moment. Master is calling a cruise ship nearby and asking
for a ship-ship medical evacuation. What is going to happen? _______________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. The walls in the sick bay have lots of loose paint. Chief Mate is talking to Bosun about
repainting the walls. What is Bosun going to do? _________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. The door lock in the sick bay is broken. The 2nd officer gave a new lock to a repairman
and told him to install it. What’s the 2nd officer going to have?
_______________________________________________________________________
16 Describe the pictures using have something done.

1 2 3 4
17 Match the sentences parts.

Procedures for medevac service by helicopter

1 Contact the coast radio station (details in A as there are certain operational matters to
ARLS Vol 1),ask for medical advice consider.
2 Give the doctor all the information you B to overfly and escort the helicopter for
can safety reasons and this aircraft may have
to bebrought from another base.
3 He will normally give advice C so that the helicopter can make the
pickup and then fly back without further
stops.
4 After the link call is over, the doctor will D and you may be asked to rendezvous
advisethe Search and Rescue (SAR) nearer land.
authority on the best method of
evacuation
5 Do not expect a helicopterto appear right E and they willnormally transfer your call
away to a doctor
6 Remember that the rangeof a helicopter F and, should helicopter evacuation be
is limited, depending on the type in thought desirable, the SAR authority will
service, make the necessary arrangements and
will keep intouch with the ship.
7 In bad weather and at extreme ranges it G do not keep calling to askwhere the
may be necessary to arrange for another helicopter is.
aircraft
8 Arrangements may have to be made for a H so that he canmake an assessment of the
refuelling stop to be madeat, say, an oil seriousness of the situation.
rig
9 All this takes time, and, as it is done with I on immediate care of the patient.
the utmost efficiency,
More information is available from the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual(MERSAR)
or Volume 3 of the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and RescueManual
(IAMSAR)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18 In pairs, summarize the process ofgetting a patient medevac’d.

.
19 Answer the questions
 Have you ever seen / helped a person suffering a heart attack?
 What are the basic symptoms / complaints for a heart attack (convulsions?chest pain?
abdominal pain? chest discomfort? sudden headache? chest pressure? unconsciousness?
difficulty breathing? sweating? etc.)
 What first aid should be administered in case of a heart attack?

20 Describe what may have happened in the case using the title and words.

Coast Guard Medevacs One From Bulk Carrier Ship

alert, experience, stabilize, swift, rendezvous

21 Read the case and write down the sequence of actions.

Friday, April 12, 2013
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico — A Coast Guard
boat crew medevaced a crewman aboard a bulk carrier
ship, approximately 10 miles north of San Juan
Monday.
Watchstanders at Coast Guard Sector San Juan
received a report at 4:20 a.m. Monday that a Filipino
crewman aboard the 549-foot Liberian-flagged bulk
carrier was experiencing symptoms of a heart attack.
 Sector San Juan Watchstanders alerted Coast Guard Boat Station San Juan personnel,
who got underway aboard a Coast Guard 45-foot Response Boat* Medium to rendezvous with
the Turquoise Ocean and conduct the medevac.
The crew of the Turquoise Ocean was able to stabilize the patient on a litter** and use
the ship’s crane to lower him to the Coast Guard response boat. The Coast Guard boat crew
transported the patient to Sector San Juan, where EmergencyMedical Service personnel
received him and transported him to the Medical Center Hospital for further medical care.
“The close coordination and swift response between the bulk carrier, the Coast Guard
boat crew and local Emergency Medical Services personnel allowed the patient to receive
immediate medical attention ashore,” said Chief Petty Officer Daniel Capestany, Sector San
Juan command duty officer.
Notes:
*Response Boat Medium (RB-M) - a 45-foot (14 m) utility boat used by the US Coast Guard
**litter–a device (as a stretcher) for carrying a sick or injured person

22 Discuss.
 The sequence of the actions was CORRECT / NOT CORRECT
 A heart attack IS / ISN’T a reason for medevac

23 Group the SMCP.

I require medical assistance.

What kind of assistance do you require?
I require boat for hospital transfer.
I require helicopter with doctor.
I require helicopter to pick up person.
I will arrange for boat.
I will arrange for helicopter.
Boat/helicopter will arrive within … hours/at … UTC.
Have you doctor on board?
Yes, I have doctor on board.
No, I have no doctor on board.
Can you make rendez-vous in position … ?
Yes, I can make rendez-vous in position … within … hours/at … UTC.
No, I cannot make rendez-vouz.
I will send boat/helicopter to pick up doctor.
Transfer person to my vessel by boat/helicopter.
Transfer of person not possible.

SMCP used aboard SMCP used ashore

24 Simulate a VHF conversation between Captain of Turquoise Ocean and Coast Guard
Sector San Juan (activity 21) using SMCP.

Speaking

25 Watch the video ‘Medevac Norwegian Pearl’.

a) Underline the word combinations that can be used to comment on the video.
US Coast Guard / arrive on the scene / conduct a medevac /
medevac a crewmember / suffer a medical emergency /
suffer symptoms of appendicitis / suffer a heart attack /
hoist a man up to the helicopter / receive a call / receive a
report of a sick man / from a cruise ship / request a medevac
unconscious / a helicopter medevac / meet a helicopter from
the Greek Coast Guard / approach the ship / helipad / hover
over the ship for a half an hour / the patient secured to the
stretcher / conduct medevac / transfer the patient / lower by
a line / secure on a stretcher

b) Watch the video again. Make simultaneous comments on the actions.

26 Discuss.
What injuries can happen due to large waves?
What should be done with any of such injuries?

27 Read the case.

a) Paraphrase the word combinations.

A B
1 a rogue wave
2 to prompt a medevac
3 to sustain multiple injuries
4 9-foot seas
5 to conduct multiple hoists
6 to deploy smb to the ship
7 to recover smb along with
smb

Large Wave Injures Three aboard Cargo Ship

By Mike Schuler on April 22, 2014
Three crewmembers from 587-foot cargo ship Copacabana were injured Sunday
afternoon after the vessel was reportedly struck by what sounds like a rogue wave about 500
miles south of Kodiak, Alaska, prompting a medevac.
The U.S. Coast Guard received a report from the Master of the Liberian-flagged cargo
vessel MV Copacabana that three crewmen had sustained multiple injuries after being hit by a
large wave.
The weather at the scene was reported to be cloudy with 9-foot seas and 23 mph winds.
A coast guard flight surgeon recommended that the men be airlifted to a hospital in
Anchorage for further care, prompting the Coast Guard to launch the two MH-60 Jayhawk
helicopters and an HC-130 Hercules airplane crew to respond.The crews conducted multiple
hoists necessary to deploy two rescue swimmers, a flight surgeon and a health services
technician to the ship and recover them along with the
three crewmen.
The three men were safely lifted from the vessel
by the two helicopters on Monday, April 21, while the
vessel was about 200 miles south of Kodiak. They were
then flown to Kodiak where they were met by
emergency medical personnel for further transport to
higher level medical care in Anchorage.
No additional details were provided about their
condition or extent of injuries.

b) Give a brief review of the case using the word combinations in column A.

28 Watch the video “A LARGE WAVE”. Circle the appropriate versions.

1. the waves are high / large / no waves at sea
2. the weather is rogue / rough / adverse / nice / calm
3. it’s scary / risky / safe / usual / unusual to be airlifted
4. when injured, it’s better to stay on board / to be airlifted and taken to hospital
5. the airlifting procedure is long / short / frightening /
29 Simulate a conversation asking for medevac. Use SMCP.
Student A: You are Master of Copacabana. Student B: You are an officer of the U.S. Coast
Guard

30 Simulate a conversation asking for medevac based on the case.

Student A: You are Master. Student B: You are an officer of a coast station.

A cargo vessel experienced heavy weather

while underway resulting in damage to the
port gangway. Once in a secure anchorage
and in good weather it was decided to
bring the gangway on deck for inspection
and to prevent further damage. As the
gangway was being lifted on deck via the
deck crane, a crewman who was assisting
the work was caught between the gangway
and the ship’s rail. His upper body was
crushed.
31 Debate!!!
SEAFARERS
ARE AMONG THE MOST ISOLATED WORKING GROUPS
IN RELATION TO MEDICAL CARE ACCESS

List of questions to activity 10:

1. When did you notice the symptom? (When did the symptom start?)
2. What were you doing when the symptom started?
3. Did the symptom happen all the time (constant) or only sometimes? When did you have the
symptom (e.g., only at night, when moving)? What seemed to make the symptom worse?
4. How long did the symptom last (e.g., a few seconds, an hour)? How long did you have it
(e.g., a week, a month)?
5. Did the symptom make it hard for you to do every day activities (e.g., eat, sleep, and
work)?
6. Did you do anything to try to feel better? (Did you take any medicine? Did you rest?)

Check Your Competency

Module 2
Medical Care on Board
1. What international documents set standards for medical care on board?
2. What are the standards for medical care on board?
3. What are the duties of the person in charge of medical care on board?
4. What should be done when a crewmember has a health complaint?
5. What bridge equipment is used to require medical advice?
6. What code should be used when asking for medical advice via Immarsat?
7. What information about the patient should be prepared before asking for medical
advice?
8. What are the modes of medical evacuation?
9. What are the procedures of getting a patient medievac’d?
10. What are the pros and cons of each mode of evacuation?
 Word List
Module 2

Medical Care on Board

Duties of a Person in Charge of Medical Care
administer (medicine) назначать, давать призначати, давати (ліки)
(лекарство)
ailment болезнь, недомогание хвороба, нездужання
berth койка ліжко
bowel кишечник кишечник
capability способность, возможность здатність, можливість
chamomile ромашка ромашка
concisely кратко стисло
consent согласие згода
consistency постоянство постійність
conventional обычный звичайний
cough кашель кашель
cramps (stomach cramps) спазмы спазми
eliminate исключать, ликвидировать виключати, ліквідувати
exceed превышать перевищувати
expiry date дата истечения срока дата закінчення терміну
facility (facilities) оборудование, аппаратура обладнання, апаратура
feasible осуществимый, возможный здійсненний, можливий
ginger имбирь імбир
handle(a problem) справляться справлятися
imperative крайне необходимый, вкрай необхідний,
настоятельный настійний
incessant непрерывный безперервний
medical care медицинская помощь медична допомога
medical chest шкаф с медикаментами шафа з медикаментами
obtain получать, приобретать отримувати, придбати
outlet (US) розетка розетка
proficiency умение уміння
rash сыпь сип
relevant существенный, значимый суттєвий, значущий
remedy лекарство, средство от ліки, засіб від хвороби
болезни
rendezvous встреча, место встречи зустріч, місце зустрічі
seek (sought, sought) обращаться, просить спілкуватися, просити
severity серьезность (болезни) серйозність (хвороби)
sick bay судовой лазарет, изолятор, судновий лазарет, ізолятор,
каюта для больных каюта для хворих
socket (Br) розетка розетка
spread (spread, spread) распространяться розповсюджуватись
stipulate обусловливать, оговаривать обумовлювати,
оговорювати
stocks запасы запаси
treatment лечение лікування
unconscious бессознательный непритомний
uphold поддерживать підтримувати
ward палата палата
 Radio Medical
affected part пораженный участок уражена ділянка
casualty пострадавший человек постраждала людина
complain жаловаться скаржитися
conceal скрывать, утаивать приховувати,
cornealabrasion царапина на роговице подряпина на рогівці
course of disease течение болезни перебіг хвороби
delay задержка, промедление затримка, зволікання
excretion выделение виділення
eye irrigation промываниe глаз промивання очей
facilitate облегчать, способствовать полегшувати, сприяти
gain получать, достигать отримувати, досягати
gout подагра подагра
heart attack инфаркт інфаркт
helipad вертолетная площадка вертолітний майданчик
hop прыгать, перепрыгивать стрибати, перестрибувати
incur нести (ответственность) нести (відповідальність)
irrespective of независимо от незалежно від
joint сустав суглоб
laceration рваная рана рвана рана
onset of illness начало болезни початок хвороби
pertinent соответствующий, відповідний, що має
относящийся к делу відношення до справи
phosphoric acid фосфорная кислота фосфорна кислота
physician врач, терапевт лікар, терапевт
pulse rate частота пульса частота пульсу
recover выздоравливать видужувати
request запрашивать, просить запитувати, просити
respiration дыхание дихання
saline solution солевой раствор сольовий розчин
scary/ it’s scary жуткий, ужасный / страшнo моторошний, жахливий /
страшно
sore back боль в спине біль в спині
sore throat больное горло хворе горло
stretcher носилки носилки
stroke удар, паралич удар, параліч
subsequent последующий наступний
subside ослабевать, утихать, слабшати, стихати, спадати
убывать
surpass превосходить перевершувати
swelling припухлость, опухоль припухлість, пухлина
swift скорый, быстрый швидкий, стрімкий
tagged отмеченный відмічений
toe палец ступни палець стопи
transfer переместить, перевезти перемістити, перевезти
underestimate преуменьшать применшувати
urine моча сеча
vital signs основные показатели основні показники стану
состояния организма (пульс, організму (пульс, дихання,
дыхание, температура, температура, іноді
иногда кровяное давление) кров'яний тиск)
vomit страдать рвотой страждати блювотою
 MODULE 3

SURVIVAL CRAFTS
You will be able to:
1. describe IMO regulations and requirements concerning LSA equipment; its inspection and
maintenance
2 provide explanations of abandon ship drills and procedures to the crew
3 summarize information about survival techniques and surviving equipment
Essential Competency: Speak about LSA in terms of their stowage, launching procedure,
maintenance and drills requirements

Topic 1
Abandon Ship Drills
Starter

1 In groups, play game Noughts and Crosses.

What is the function of What IMO documents What is the difference

immersion suit? regulate LSA maintenance? between life raft and life
boat?

Describe the actions in a case What is the procedure of Name 6 examples of

of man overboard launching free fall life boat? personal LSA

What inventory should be in What are the steps of wearing Describe construction of life
life boat? life jacket? boat.

Reading/Speaking

2 Look at the pictures and guess what the case is about. Which photo (1-4) belongs to seafarer
Eric Thibodeau?

1 2
 3 4
3 Read the case and check your guesses. Highlight his duties.

One week in life of Eric Thibodeau

My job on board is basically Lifesaving Equipment. Immersion suits, life rings,
lifejackets, liferafts, and of course, lifeboats, of which we have six. All this equipment has to
be counted, cleaned, repaired, operated, and repacked on a regular basis, from weekly
inspections to annual servicing to 5-yearly overhauling. Below left you see over three hundred
spare lifejackets, all of which had to be counted, checked, and stripped of their flashing lights.
They came from the recently-scrapped, so we sorted the good from the bad, took what we
needed, and will donate the rest once we get to the Caribbean.
Working alongside of me are Mishka, a young deckie from Russia, and Weiland from
Namibia. Weiland leaves the ship within the month, leaving the work to Mishka and I. With
the weather like it is, working on the lifeboats is a challenge. The damp, moist air and sub-
zero temperatures keep the paint from curing properly and the rain, snow, sleet & fog keep us
indoors. Our Scandinavian location means our days were as short as 7 hours, although they're
steadily growing longer. The sun stays so low in the sky this far north, I never see it on the
starboard side, even though I'm one deck below the top deck! I try to find things to do on the
port side as much as possible. I am looking forward to the Caribbean and what my
lifeboats/davits will look like after a few months work in good weather. In addition to
maintenance, I also assist with training & drills.
Of course, we drill regularly on the Logos Hope. Lifeboats are rigged, lowered, and
maneuvered weekly to make sure that lifeboat crews know their jobs backwards and forwards.
They say if you want to see how a team would react in a real-life situation, just watch how
that team performs in a drill, and our lifeboat crews are top-notch. Operation Mobilisation
ensures that it's lifeboat crews are as well trained as they can be; you never know when you
may have to abandon ship. That's just what happened to our first ship, the Logos, back in
1988. It ran aground in bad weather while departing Tierra del Fuego, Chile. While the ship
was a total loss, not a single life was lost and all of the people were safely disembarked;
thanks in no doubt to the excellent training of the lifeboat crews. As electrical problems
prevented us from lowering the lifeboat for a few months earlier this year, the crews got a bit
rusty. Now they're back up to speed and getting more time to practice. As you see below right,
the worst thing that's happened is boat #2 running over it's own painter line. That's why we
drill!
More information about his life http://www.ericthibodeau.com/Denmark.htm

4 In pairs, discuss the questions.

1. Who was responsible for LSA equipment and abandon drills on your vessel?
2. Have you ever been responsible for LSA equipment and abandon drills?
3. How often abandon drills should be conducted according to the SOLAS requirements?
4. What problems can arise during the abandon drills?
5 Compare your answers with information of the Maritime Safety Committee and SOLAS.
Abandon ship drills could be conducted at least one time every month. When more than 25%
of the crew changes, drill should be carried out within 24 hours and all instructions should be
given in two weeks. Also Safety Officer can conduct the briefings, give instructions. Self-
study, such as reading specific SOLAS training manual, learning on Computer-Based
Training courses.
SOLAS Chapter III. Regulation 19 – Emergency training and drills
Each lifeboat shall be launched, and manoeuvred in the water by its assigned operating crew,
at least once every three months during an abandon ship drill.
The Committee observed that most accidents with life boat drills fell under the following
categories: failure of on-load release mechanism; inadvertent operation of on-load release
mechanism; inadequate maintenance of lifeboats, davits and launching equipment;
communication failure; lack of familiarity with lifeboats, davits, equipment and associated
controls; unsafe practices during lifeboat drills and inspections; and design faults other than
on-load release.
The familiarity with the abandon ship drills includes reporting to stations and preparing for
duties, muster by alarm and announcement, check on closing and lifejackets, launching and
stowage of each lifeboat, mock search and rescue, instruction in use of radio LSA, test of
emergency lights.

6 Discuss the questions.

1. How often the drills were conducted on your vessel?
2. Were they conducted according to all requirements?
3. What can you learn from lifeboat drills?
4. Why are there so many accidents because of on-load release mechanism?

Language Study
7 Label the life-boat arrangement.
8 Complete the definitions using the words from act. 7
______________________ is used to secure boat to ship until cast off
______________________a lashing or chain by which a boat is secured to deck or position
on davits.
______________________two radial cranes on a ship which hold on lifeboats, they are used
to lower and lift lifeboats.
______________________is used in enclosed boats to launch boat with full complement
from inside the cabin.
______________________lower the boat in the water and used to recover boat after drill.

Speaking

9 Look at the scheme and discuss what the biggest killer of seafarers is and why.
Fatal accidents (according to MAIB)

10 In groups, make a poster about safe practice of abandon drills.

Reading

11 Read the key sentences from the case and guess what happened with the crew and why.
Captain pronounced dead, but other crewmembers survived.
Chief Officer seemed to be inexperienced.
Not enough time to use inflated life rafts.
12 Read the case and highlight sentences which describe key sentences from activity 11.

On 9 October 2001, the 1009 gt general cargo ship Ash was en route from Odense,
Denmark, to the Spanish port of Pasajes, with a cargo of steel coils. She had six crew
members on board and was making a speed of about 6.25 knots over the ground in the south-
west traffic lane of the Dover Strait TSS to the south-east of Hastings. The 4,671 gt
chemical tanker Dutch Aquamarine was also on passage in the same traffic lane, en route
from Antwerp to Swansea. She had a mixed chemical cargo and a crew of 12 on board. She
was making about 12.5 knots over the ground. Despite the fact that the weather was fine and
the visibility good the watchkeeper on Dutch Aquamarine did not notice Ash in the
period immediately before the collision until she was very close and right ahead. Ash was
holed in the collision, she listed quickly to starboard, capsized and sank.
Ash swung quickly to starboard and initially heeled to port. The master arrived on the
bridge and asked what had happened. At that time the chief officer did not know. The chief
officer saw the bow and red hull of Dutch Aquamarine right on the starboard beam. The
master ran to the VHF radio to transmit a distress message, and the chief officer put the helm
to port to try to stop the swing. There was a second contact and Dutch Aquamarine became
wedged in Ash’s side just forward of her superstructure.
Dutch Aquamarine remained wedged for only a short time before her astern engine
movement took effect. She moved astern and clear of Ash. Ash was listing to starboard as
water was entering her cargo hold. Ash’s crew had congregated on the bridge. They were all
wearing lifejackets (two had been stowed in the wheelhouse). The master ordered them to
“jump”. The chief officer went quickly to his cabin and then returned to the bridge. The vessel
had developed a severe starboard list. The three ratings had jumped into the water and the
master had slipped from the bridge wing and fallen on to the open deck below. With some
difficulty the chief officer helped the master to the side from where they both jumped into the
water. The chief engineer, meanwhile, had also jumped into the water. The chief officer’s
lifejacket had not been secured properly. It came off when he entered the water but he was
able to grab and hold on to it. He saw the master in the water with his lifejacket floating some
20m away from him. He noted that the master was trying to hold on to one of the steel
hollow-section hatch covers. The three ratings were quickly rescued from the water by Dutch
Aquamarine’s rescue boat, manned by her chief officer and cadet. The boat was unable
to safely carry more than five persons in the moderate sea conditions, and first took them to
Dutch Aquamarine before returning for the others. Dutch Aquamarine’s chief engineer who,
using a pair of binoculars, was looking out for survivors, was, through the master, directing
the crew of the boat. In this manner, they were able to locate the chief officer and chief
engineer, who were recovered from the water. They could not see Ash’s master. They
searched for some minutes, but Ash’s officers were beginning to suffer from the cold. The
surviving officers were embarked on to Dutch Aquamarine and the rescue boat returned to
continue searching for the master. The crew searched among the floating equipment, which
included the hatch covers and, by this time, an inflated liferaft but did not see him. The boat
was returning slowly to Dutch Aquamarine when, finally, the crew saw the master floating
face down in the water. They tried to pull his unconscious body on board the boat but found
it impossible. A coastguard rescue helicopter had been alerted and was close to their position,
so the crew turned him over and held him until it arrived. At about 1705, the master was lifted
into the helicopter and taken to Hastings Hospital. Despite attempts to resuscitate him on the
aircraft and ashore he was later pronounced dead.

13 Divide the text into the parts and title them.

14 In pairs, retell the text.

15 Discuss the questions.
1) What are the main reasons of the accident?
2) If I were the Safety Officer of this vessel what could I have done?

Writing

16 Write the memo on the topic HOW TO CONDUCT THE DRILLS using the guidelines of
Maritime Committee.
1.3 Drills must be safe
1.3.1 Abandon ship drills should be planned, organized and performed so that the
recognized risks are minimized and in accordance with relevant shipboard requirements of
occupational safety and health.
1.3.2 Drills provide an opportunityto verify that the life-saving system is working and that
all associated equipment is in place and in good working order, ready for use.
1.3.3 Before conducting drills,it should bechecked that the lifeboat and its safety equipment
have been maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, as well as noting all
the precautionary measures necessary. Abnormal conditions of wear and tear or corrosion
should be reported to the responsible officer immediately.
1.4 Emphasis on learning
Drills should be conducted with an emphasis on learning and be viewed as a learning
experience, not just a task to meet a regulatory requirement to conduct drills. Whether they
are emergency drills required by SOLAS or additional special drills conducted to enhance the
competence of the crew members, they should be carried out at safe speed. During drills, care
should be taken to ensure that everybody familiarizes themselves with their duties and with
the equipment. If necessary, pauses should be made during the drills to explain especially
difficult elements. The experience of the crew is an important factor in determining how fast
a drill or certain drill elements should be carried out.
1.5 Planning and organizing drills
1.5.1 The SOLAS Convention requires that drills shall, as far as practicable, be conducted
as if there was an actual emergency. This means that the entire drill should, as far as possible,
be carried out. The point is that, at the same time, it should be ensured that the drill can be
carried out in such a way that it is safe in every respect. Consequently, elements of the drill
that may involve unnecessary risks need special attention or may be excluded from the drill.
1.5.2 In preparing for a drill, those responsible should review the manufacturers’ instruction
manual to assure that a planned drill is conducted properly. Those responsible for the drill
should assure that the crew is familiar with the guidance provided in the life-saving system
instruction manual.
1.5.3 Lessons learned in the course of a drill should be documented and made a part of
follow-up shipboard training discussions and planning the next drill session.
1.5.4 The lowering of a boat with its full complement of persons is an example of an
element of a drill that may, depending on the circumstances, involve an unnecessary risk.
Such drills should only be carried out if special precautions are observed.
 Free Fall Lifeboat Drills
Starter

17 a) Write three questions on free fall life boat and ask them your partner.
b) Discuss difficult questions in group. How much do you know about free fall life boat?

Language Study

18 Complete the text with the words.

safety belts, launched, release, recovery, securing hook

Free fall launching system

It is constructed to protect occupants from harmful acceleration when __________from
certified height and for automatically self-righting. The components of this system are
safety pin and ______________ for securing.
It has two independent activation systems for the ___________ mechanism inside the
boat - simulated release gear, release gear.
The monthly drills with free-fall lifeboats should be carried out according to the
manufacturer’s instructions, so that the persons who are to enter the boat in an emergency
are trained to embark the boat, to take their seats in a correct way and to use
the__________________; and also are instructed on how to act during launching into the
sea.
When the lifeboat is free-fall launched as part of a drill, this should be carried out with
the minimum personnel required to manoeuvre the boat in the water and to recover it. The
__________operation should be carried out with special attention, bearing in mind the
high risk level of this operation.

19 Discuss the questions.

1. Did you have free fall life boat on your vessel?
2. Have you ever been in free fall life boat?
3. Was it difficult to launch it?

Viewing/Speaking

20 Watch the video and, in pairs, compose a memo for your crew.

WHAT YOU SHOULD DO AND SHOUDN`T DO

 Lifeboat Drills
Language Study

21 Complete the text with the words in the box and discuss the questions.

recovered, davit arms (2), lowered, gripes, entangled, pivot

1) Did you have the life boat on your vessel?

2) Have you ever been in life boat?
3) Was it difficult to launch it?

Side launching system

This system does not have rollers on ___________, they are ________ at single point to
swing the boat out and support rest on deck. Boarding the boar is normally at the stowage
position. The boat has only _________. Brake can be released from the deck or from inside
the boat. Release of the brake swings out the __________ from stowage and the boat is
lowered to the water in one continuous movement.
During drills, those responsible should be alert for conditions and situations stemming from
the above items and should bring them to the attention of the responsible person for
appropriate action.
Before placing persons onboard a lifeboat, it is recommended that the boat first be lowered
and ____________without persons on board to ascertain that the arrangement functions
correctly. The boat should then be ___________into the water with only the number of
persons on board necessary to operate the boat.
To prevent lashings or gripes from getting__________, proper release should be checked
before swinging out the davit.

22 Compare this system with the free fall one.

Viewing/Speaking

23 Watch the video and, in pairs, compose the memo for your crew
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO AND SHOUDNT DO WHILE LIFE BOAT DRILLS

Life Raft Drills

Starter
24 Look at the picture and
discuss what could have
happened to the cadet.
25 a) Read the case and complete the table.
What happened? Why did it happen? When and who should learn
What was the name of that such information?
line?

It was our first Marlow Navigation practice. After a few months voyage we collided
with another vessel and Muster gave the order to abandon the vessel using life rafts. So my
friend and I, both of us cadets, donned life jackets and launched the life raft… There was only
one problem. We couldn`t float because of the line which secured the vessel to the life raft! So
we decided to gnaw through the line with our teeth! We lost our teeth, but we saved our
lives… Later it occurred that among the life raft inventory there was a special tool for such
purposes – a knife…

b) Share your experience of conducting life raft drills.

Reading

26 Read the words in box and discuss in pairs how are they connected to the topic.

hydrostatic device, stowed position, inflation, painter (x2),

float, davit hook, securing lines, paddles

27 Read the manual and complete it with the words from the box.
Inflatable thrown overboard type and davit-launched life rafts
Inflatable life rafts are carried on the vessel in enclosed fibreglass containers. They are
strapped to deck fittings and are designed to be thrown overboard and boarded in the water.
The securing straps incorporate ______________designed to release the life raft from its
fitting when at a depth of about 3 metres. Should the vessel sink with a life raft in
its_______________, the hydrostatic release activates and allows the raft to rise to the surface
fully inflated. Releases can also be operated manually.
____Check that the _______________is connected to the hydrostatic release. Remove the
securing strap.
____Use the painter to pull the raft alongside the vessel, and board using a ladder or other
means. Avoid immersion.
____Pull the painter to initiate_________. The raft will inflate in 20 to 30 seconds.
____Await orders for launching. Check that the water below the launching point is clear and,
on instruction, throw or roll the life raft overboard.
____Remove any lift-out railings or safety chains which will hinder the life raft's release into
the water.
Like other life rafts, davit-launched life rafts are enclosed in fibreglass containers and are
secured to their deck mountings by hydrostatic releases. Also, like other life rafts, davit-
launched life rafts will ___________free and inflate should the vessel sink.
__Position the life raft, attach bowsing lines (which keep the raft parallel to the side of the
vessel), and the inflation line. Attach _____________ to the life raft suspension link. Lock the
hook.
__When the life raft is loaded, release the securing lines and check that the water below is
clear.
__Await the order to inflate the life raft. When given, operate the davit winch to pull the life
raft outboard. Inflate the raft by pulling on the painter (remember that the painter is 25 meters
long).
__Remove any lift-out railings or safety chains which will restrict the life raft's release into
the water. Wind the davit outboard keeping the hook secured inboard.
__When fully inflated, adjust _______________and inspect the raft. Before boarding remove
shoes and any other objects likely to cause damage. Embark personnel seating them
alternately forward and aft with feet towards the center.
__Clear the rafts from the vessel's side with___________. Stream the sea anchor.
__The remaining life rafts are launched in the same way and secured to others already
alongside.
__Lower the life raft using the davit winch. Someone inside the life raft should pull the red
lanyard when the life raft nears the water. This allows the hook to release when the life raft
reaches the water. The winch crew will retrieve the hook for the next launching.
__Untie or cut any lines joining the life rafts to the vessel. A knife is fixed to the inside of the
upper buoyancy tube close to the canopy entrance.
__Hold_____________. The life raft should then be secured to any other rafts nearby.
__The launching crew of the last raft should untie the bowsing lines and board and lower the
raft using the self-lowering device. The hook is released when near the water and the raft is
secured to others once afloat.
28 Read the Manual again and put the stages in order. Give your reasons.

Speaking

29 Play a game ``Drill Simulation``.

Part 1. Divide into pairs. Student A is responsible for
conducting the drills. He needs to give the orders what to
do to the crew.
Student B is examiner. He needs to describe the situation
and examine how the drill was conducted.
Part 2. Debriefing. Both failures and successes should be
identified.

Scenario Sheet 1
From Bridge
How By radio
transmitted
Time Daytime
Details Uncontrolled fire, abandonment decided Master.
Main muster station begins to be impaired by smoke.
One crewmember suffered smoke inhalation.
Two crewmembers confused during mustering.
Life boat impaired by smoke. Davit-launched life rafts are the last solution.
What to Instructions given
check for First aid response
examiner
Scenario Sheet 2
From Bridge
How By radio
transmitted
Time Daytime
Details Grounding and listing of the vessel, abandonment decided Master.
One cadet found missing.
Two crewmembers have injured leg and hand.
Life boats cannot be operated because of vessel`s list. Inflatable thrown type
life rafts are the last solution.
What to Instructions given
check for First aid response
examiner
 Topic 2
Maintenance and Inspection of Survival Crafts
Starter

Discuss:
1) Why is regular maintenance and inspection of survival crafts important?
2) Who is responsible for it?
3) How often should it be conducted?

Reading

1 Read the cases and tick the pictures which describe them.

1 2

3 4

Case 1 Case 2
Two crewmembers were killed and three On the morning while at anchor an abandon
seriously injured when lifeboat became ship drill was carried out on board the bulk
detached from its falls during the life boat carrier. During the recovery of the starboard
drill. Investigation revealed that the lifeboats lifeboat, the aft hook-release gear mechanism
after hook had failed where it was attached to opened. The forward mechanism, unable to
the keel while the boat was being lowered. take the full load, also opened. The lifeboat
The lifeboat`s stern had then dropped and the then fell 11m, stern first, fatally injuring one
boat rotated around the remaining forward of the five crewmembers on board.
fall before the forward hook opened under the
load of the swinging lifeboat. The lifeboat
then fell upside down into the sea
approximately 16 metres below.

2 Read the cases again and complete the table.

Case 1 Case 2
What happened

When did it happen

Why did it happen

Who was guilty

3 Read regulation 20 from SOLAS and complete the table.

CHAPTER III
LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS
Regulation 20 Operational readiness, maintenance and inspections

4 Maintenance of falls
Falls used in launching shall be inspected periodically* with special regard for areas passing
through sheaves, and renewed when necessary due to deterioration of the falls or at intervals
of not more than 5 years, whichever is the earlier.
5 Spares and repair equipment
Spares and repair equipment shall be provided for lifesaving appliances and their components
which are subject to excessive wear or consumption and need to be replaced regularly.
6 Weekly inspection
The following tests and inspections shall be carried out weekly and a report of the inspection
shall be entered in the log-book: all survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances shall
be visually inspected to ensure that they are ready for use. The inspection shall include, but is
not limited to, the condition of hooks, their attachment to the lifeboat, and the on-load release
gear being properly and completely reset;
.2 all engines in lifeboats and rescue boats shall be run for a total period of not less than 3
min. provided the ambient temperature is above the minimum temperature required for
starting and running the engine. During this period of time, it should be demonstrated that the
gear box and gear box train are engaging satisfactorily. If the special characteristics of an
outboard motor fitted to a rescue boat would not allow it to be run other than with its propeller
submerged for a period of 3 min, it should be run for such period as prescribed in the
manufacturer's handbook a suitable water supply may be provided.
.3 lifeboats, except free-fall lifeboats, on cargo ships shall be moved from their stowed
position, without any persons on board, to the extent necessary to demonstrate satisfactory
operation of launching appliances, if weather and sea conditions so allow for; and
.4 the general emergency alarm system shall be tested.
7 Monthly inspections
7.1 All lifeboats, except free-fall lifeboats, shall be turned out from their stowed position,
without any persons on board if weather and sea conditions so allow.
7.2 Inspection of the life-saving appliances, including lifeboat equipment, shall be carried out
monthly using the checklist required by regulation 36.1 to ensure that they are complete and
in good order. A report of the inspection shall be entered in the log-book.
8 Servicing of inflatable liferafts, inflatable lifejackets, and marine evacuation systems,
and maintenance and repair of inflated rescue boats
8.1 Every inflatable liferaft, inflatable lifejacket, and marine evacuation system shall be
serviced:
.1 at intervals not exceeding 12 months, provided where in any case this is impracticable, the
Administration may extend this period to 17 months; and
.2 at an approved servicing station which is competent to service them, maintains proper
servicing facilities and uses only properly trained personnel.*
8.4 All repairs and maintenance of inflated rescue boats shall be carried out in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions. Emergency repairs may be carried out on board the ship;
however, permanent repairs shall be effected at an approved servicing station.
9 Periodic servicing of hydrostatic release units
Hydrostatic release units, other than disposable hydrostatic release units, shall be serviced:
.1 at intervals not exceeding 12 months, provided where in any case this is impracticable, the
Administration may extend this period to 17 months * ; and
11 Periodic servicing of launching appliances and on-load release gear
11.1 Launching appliances shall be:
.3 upon completion of the examination referred to in .2 subjected to a dynamic test of the
winch brake at maximum lowering speed. The load to be applied shall be the mass of the
lifeboat without persons on board, except that, at intervals not exceeding five years, the test
shall be carried out with a proof load of 1.1 times the maximum working load of the winch.
The load to be applied shall be the mass of the survival craft or rescue boat without persons
on board, except that, at intervals not exceeding five years, the test shall be carried out with a
proof load equal to 1.1 times the weight of the survival craft or rescue boat and its full
complement of persons and equipment.
11.2 Lifeboat or rescue boat on-load release gear, including free-fall lifeboat release systems,
shall be:
.2 subject to a thorough examination and operational test during the annual surveys required
by regulations I/7 and I/8 by properly trained personnel familiar with the system; and .3
operationally tested under a load of 1.1 times the total mass of the lifeboat boat when loaded
with its full complement of persons and equipment whenever the release gear is overhauled.
Such over-hauling and test shall be carried out at least once every five years.*
11.3 Davit-launched liferaft automatic release hooks shall be:
.3 operationally tested under a load of 1.1 times the total mass of the liferaft when loaded with
its full complement of persons and equipment whenever the automatic release hook is
overhauled. Such over-hauling and test shall be carried out at least once every five years.*

Equipment which should be How often it should be tested.

mainteined, tested and inspected by Week Mont Annu 30 5 Yearly
crewmembers of LSA ly hly ally Months

Dynamic test of winch load of empty +

boat (without persons on-board)
4 Compare your results with your partner.

5 Look at the picture and discuss.

1) Who is this man?
2) What is he doing?
3) What could happen to him? Why?

6 a) Read the case and check your guesses.

On 30 June 2002, vessel Kent was in Snell lock upbound for Marinette (Wisconsin) to
discharge a partial load of pig iron, when the forward cradle of the port lifeboat davit struck
the lock wall and became distorted. At Marinette, the vessel was inspected by a surveyor who
issued a condition of class (COC), which stated that repairs to re-align the davit were to be
carried out and the system was to be operationally tested for inspector prior to the vessel
transiting international waters. After discharging cargo at Marinette, the Kent continued to
Thunder Bay, Ontario. On 11 July 2002, the Kent departed Thunder Bay loaded with
17 170 metric tons of wheat.
The voyage downbound through the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway was
uneventful. However, the master was informed by the ship manager that stopping at a berth to
repair the port lifeboat davit was to be avoided in order not to delay the voyage. On 12 July,
he was instructed by the operating managers to attempt a re-alignment of the davit while
underway, using on-board resources at his disposal. It was suggested they use 5/10 ton chain
blocks anchored to welded pad eyes on deck to pull the davit into line. Additional instructions
followed later requiring the use of cold repair methods only, but hot work had already been
initiated.
On 16 July, at around 0220,3 the Kent commenced passage through Beauharnois, Ste.
Catherine and St. Lambert locks to berth at Montréal at 0925.That day, the port davit was
surveyed by a Transport Canada (TC) inspector and a DNV surveyor who rejected the repairs
as they had not been carried out in accordance with class requirements for restoration of the
davit to its original state. The classification surveyor viewed the davit repairs by the crew to
be temporary, considering that the efficient operation of the davit system during successive
lifeboat launching/retrieval drills, or in the event of an emergency could not be relied upon.
Consequently, a COC was issued by DNV in the form of a short-term flag state exemption,
which stipulated that an additional 20-person liferaft be carried on the port side, until the port
davit was properly repaired or renewed, but prior to 15 September 2002.
The starboard lifeboat was lowered and raised to the satisfaction of the TC inspector
and the DNV surveyor and properly secured ready for sea. Although the defective davit was
not approved for safe use, the master wanted to assure himself that this equipment could be
operable in the event of an emergency. Accordingly, he ordered the port lifeboat lowered and
then raised to his own satisfaction. The port lifeboat had not been secured for sea. A 20-
person liferaft was installed next to the port lifeboat davits in accordance with DNV
requirements. At 1720, the pilot was already on board and the vessel prepared to leave
Montréal.
The Kent was under way when the bosun was instructed to secure the port lifeboat
properly for sea by connecting the fore and aft trigger lines, and he called on a seaman to help
him with the work. When the seaman arrived at the port lifeboat station, the bosun was
already at work. He was sitting astride the forward davit cradle, close to the underside of the
lifeboat, trying to secure the forward trigger line to the trigger mechanism on the cradle (see
photo). The seaman climbed the aft cradle ladder and attempted to do the same with the aft
trigger line. When the seaman realized there was not enough slack in the line to permit the
connection, he descended the ladder with the intention of lengthening the turnbuckle at the
other end. Shortly after reaching the deck he heard a noise, and turned to see the roller gravity
davits with the suspended lifeboat, sliding down the cradle.
The noise also alerted the ship's electrician who was nearby. Both the electrician and
the seaman rushed to the lifeboat davit winch and applied the brake. The lifeboat stopped
descending but not before hitting the bosun, sending him backwards. He clung to the trigger
line momentarily, but lost his grip and fell overboard into the water 15 m below. The time was
approximately 1825.
"Man overboard" was quickly communicated to the bridge where an officer of the
watch, a helmsman and a pilot were navigating the vessel. The pilot immediately put the
engine to dead slow ahead, but the confined area of the channel prevented a turning or full
astern manoeuvre. The pilot also released the port smoke buoy, but this fell into the partially
deployed port lifeboat. At approximately this time, the master arrived on the bridge and
released the starboard smoke buoy. Another life ring was also thrown into the water, and
persons on deck could see the bosun apparently swimming some 15 to 20 m from one of the
buoys; however, they lost sight of him within minutes.
Soon after the pilot had broadcast a PAN PAN PAN message, a yacht came out of
Verchères marina and began searching the area. The crew was mustered to the boat stations
and the port lifeboat was prepared, but not lowered to the water as the vessel had too much
way on to launch the boat safely. As the Kent proceeded down river, reducing speed, the
Canadian Coast Guard vessel CG 1204 passed upbound, having joined the search. A military
helicopter was also on the scene within approximately one hour of the bosun falling
overboard.
At 1915, the Kent came to a safe anchorage off Contrecoeur. It was still daylight and
searches continued until darkness at 2130, but without success. Five days later, the bosun's
body was recovered approximately 10 miles downstream of the site of the incident.
According to the ship management company records, the victim (Bosun) had been
sailing on various ocean-going vessels since 1990. He had been a deckhand from 1990 to
1994, and, since 1996, he had acted as bosun on four assignments, giving him more than three
years of related experience. He held a certificate of competency as a deck rating, issued on
21 November 2001 by the Republic of the Philippines. His last medical exam, given at Manila
on 01 April 2002, certified that he was in good health and fit to work.

b) Highlight the information about construction and launching appliances of the life boat.

7 In pairs, analyze the case.

 Was the Bosun experienced?
 Why did he maintain life boat?
 What happened to the first life boats?
 Was the search and rescue operation conducted appropriately?
 Analyze the actions of Bosun
 Analyze the decisions of Master
 Analyze the decisions of surveyor

8 Discuss in pairs:
What could YOU do if you were there?

Language Study

9 Label the pictures with the words from box and match them with the functions.

fall preventer device, hydrostatic unit, winch brake unit, release hooks

a) preventers release before the

lifeboat is in the water

1
b) can be used to minimize risk
of injury in the event of the
failure of the on-load hook
release mechanism, by
preventing the lifeboat falling.
There are different types-
locking pins, strops or slings.

2
 c) is used for lowering and
raising spare parts onto a vessel.

3
d) releases the life boat when the
hook has turned about 180˚ the
falls are free.

10 In pairs, take turns to describe equipment and its function.

Reading

11 Read the report and complete the table.

What was the What problems Who is responsible What are the actions of
objective of report? were stated? for these problems? crewmembers to avoid
such problems?

We had a 5yr inspection by Class and we passed all items, including CO2, fire plan,
extinguishers, load testing of cranes, etc, etc, but we had a problem with the freefall boat and
the rescue boat. The first problem was due to the stern lines being in the way of the freefall
lifeboat, but the Class surveyor wanted to lower the boat to see if the system was working
properly. We eased the tension on the stern ropes to do this, but the vessel moved off the
berth. After many attempts to lower the freefall boat the surveyor agreed we should conduct
the test on another occasion with the vessel at anchor and send him photographs. The second
problem I had was when we tried to lower the rescue boat, because we were due to shift along
the berth to load one of the after hatches and the inspector was therefore pushed to do the load
test on the rescue boat’s hook ASAP. As soon as we finished shifting the vessel the Bosun
proceeded to lower the rescue boat to the quayside. The winch had a release handle in the boat
for lowering to the sea and also an on-load release hook. After starting to lower the boat, the
Bosun noticed that it was lowering faster than was usual with other types of lifeboat and
stopped lowering suddenly. This action made the boat jump and the hook released, falling
down about 10m, breaking the keel and damaging the hull; fortunately the Bosun escaped
without serious injury. I hope you can see the problems that may arise from drills and the
many kinds of inspections, especially when lowering lifeboats. Many seamen are injured, but
not reported.

12 Compare with the comments of officials.

This report was sent to the UK’s Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) and the
International Association for Classification Societies for comment. The Maritime Advisory
Board is grateful to both organisations for providing detailed responses and wishes to
highlight the following extracts; first from the MCA: “IMO MSC/Circ.1093 provides
guidance for surveyors on the requirements of SOLAS regulation III/20 - Operational
readiness, maintenance and inspections; and SOLAS regulation III/36 - Instructions for on-
board maintenance. From the reported comments regarding the lowering of the boats, it would
appear that this was carried out in a rushed manner. Drills of this type should be conducted
methodically under full control, following a crew briefing in accordance with established
shipboard procedures approved under the company ISM system. The surveyor and company
representative, if present, should ideally be in attendance at this briefing so that all persons
involved in the drill are aware of the procedures to be adopted.” And from IACS; “SOLAS
regulation III/19, requires that freefall lifeboats are tested in freefall mode to the water once
every three months. However, this testing requirement may be extended to six months if every
three months the boat is lowered into the water with either a crane or a portal frame. Flag
Administrations may allow the freefall mode test to be extended up to 12 months provided the
boat is lowered into the water every three months and in addition, a simulated launch takes
place every six months. This simulation generally comprises releasing the boat on “hanging
off” strops so as test the operation of the release mechanism. There are some Flags who will
allow dispensations up to 12 months if certain conditions are met such as crew training in a
freefall boat at a recognised centre.” Neither response dealt with the issue of photographs
being used to provide the objective evidence required for a Special Survey; is this acceptable?

13 In pairs, discuss the questions.

1. Why should the reports be written to officials?

2. What are the situations in which crewmembers should write the reports?

Speaking

14 Read the checklist and discuss the questions:

 What should be checked?

 What documents describe it?
 What are the stages of LSA inspection?
  Have you ever done it?

Check list “Safety Inspection of LSA”

Question References
Lifeboats
1 Are the lifeboat Launch Instructions posted adjacent and are they easily SOLAS III 9.2.2
seen under emergency lighting conditions? IMO A760(18) +
IMO Signage MSC.82(70)
2 Is the general lighting of launch area considered to satisfactory and in SOLAS III 11.4
reasonable condition?
3 From a visual inspection of the lifeboat hull is the exterior free of
cracks or damage?
4 From a visual inspection, are all external fittings in good condition?
(Including Bowsing Tackle if applicable and painter release system)
5 Are the tricing pennants rigged correctly?, check if fitted to correct SOLAS III 11.8
shackle. (If applicable)
6 Is the remote brake release extension wire free of flammable materials Enclosed
such as rope? Lifeboats
Boats with On-Load/Free Fall release gear
7 Is the release gear set properly and are the safety pins/locks properly Manufacturers
engaged?, visual condition of release gear controls. instructions
SEM 6.5.2
8 Are there clear operating instructions posted adjacent to the release LSA 4.4.7.6.2.2
gear?
9 Are the maintenance requirements for the release gear known and SOLAS III 20.11
carried out correctly? (Inc records). Note: The makers instruction SOLAS III 36
manual must be onboard. SEM 6.5.2

Lifeboat Interior
10 Has the lifeboat engine been tested weekly? ISM 10.2.1
SEM 6.5.7
11 Are there a set of waterproof starting/operating instructions posted LSA 4.4.6.12
nearby?
12 Are the lifeboat fuel tanks full? if not record the percentage. LSA 4.4.6.8
LSA Regs Sch V
86
13 Are the plugs clearly indicated inside boat? LSA 4.4.7.1
14 Are the Seat Positions clearly marked? LSA 4.4.2.3
15 Are the lifeboat Seat belt fittings in good condition?, with no missing LSA 4.6.3.1
parts.
16 Cleanliness?, is the lifeboat in general clean will all gear correctly SEM 6.5.1
stowed. No oily water in bilges.
17 All equipment/small gear correct? LSA 4.4.8
ISM 10.2.1
18 Lifeboat bailing system fitted
 Automatic
 Manual
Condition of bailing system
19 Is the Number & Call sign clearly marked on canopy? LSA 4.4.9.3
20 Mountings for SARTs in lifeboats 1m above water level? IMO A.802 (19)
Expiry Dates
21 Medical kits LSA 4.4.8.20
22 Food packs LSA 4.4.8.12
23 Water packs LSA 4.4.8.9
24 Hand Flares LSA 4.4.8.14
25 Parachute Rockets LSA 4.4.8.13
26 Smoke Floats LSA 4.4.8.15
Davits
1 What is the general condition of the Davit structure, are there any
signs of:-
 Corrosion
 Misalignment / Distortion
 Excessive Free Play
2 What is the general condition of the Wire and Sheaves
3 Note Dates:
 Reversal
 Renewal
 Stencilled on/near davit
4 Are Wires, Sheaves and other moving parts adequately lubricated /
greased
5 Are the Limit switches in good condition and operational?
6 Stored power system fitted and operational, general condition?
7 What is the general condition of hydraulic system including pipes and
brackets?
Winch
8 What is the general condition of winch brake mechanism
9 What is the general condition of the winch brake pads
10 What is the general condition of the winch remote control mechanism
11 What is the general condition of the winch power supply system
Dynamic Winch Brake Test
12 What was the date of last annual winch brake operational test
(Empty boat)
13 What was the date of last winch brake five-yearly operational test (1.1
maximum working load)
14 Were the brake pads and stressed structural parts re inspected
following the dynamic tests.
On Load Release Gear
15 Are the Lifeboat Davits equipped with suitable hanging-off points and
are suitable pennants available?
16 Note information and dates regarding records of overhaul include
 Dismantling of hook release units
 Examination with regard to tolerances and design requirements
 Adjustment of release gear system after assembly
 Load operational tests
 Examination of vital parts with regard to defects and cracks

15 In pairs, make the memo HOW TO INSPECT AND CHECK THE LSA.
 Topic 3
Survival Techniques
Starter

a) Look at the pictures and discuss how these items can help you in surviving.
b) What other surviving techniques do you know?

Pants Piece of metal or another Any type of light

shiny object
Viewing

1 Discuss the questions.

1) How many days can the human survive in open sea?
2) Do you know stories about seafarers who survived wrecking of their vessels?

2 a) Watch two videos about survived seafarers and discuss the questions.
What happened?
How many days did he live in craft?
What conditions were they in?
Which story is more awesome?

Reading

3 Read the case and highlight the mistakes of the crew.

The NTSB recently investigated an accident that required the crew to abandon a
weather-damaged lifeboat in near-hurricane-force conditions. Several problems leading up to
and during the vessel abandonment negatively impacted the10 crewmembers’ probability of
survival once they were in the water, and four of them died as a result:
The company hurricane plan did not account for rapidly and locally developing low
pressure weather systems. This reduced the crewmembers’ ability to properly plan for the
developing storm and to make an early decision to leave the vessel through routine means
before the onset of the storm.
The vessel had recently been equipped with two new inflatable throw-over-type
liferafts. However, the liferafts were inflated on deck instead of in the water when the crew
prepared to abandon the vessel. This led to the liferafts blowing away from the vessel and
vanishing in the high winds and seas. The crewmembers ended up clinging to a lifefloat,
which, unlike the liferafts, did not provide out-of-water flotation, shelter from the elements,
and nonperishable food and drinking water.
Although the crewmembers had gathered additional food, drinking water, and other
supplies while preparing to evacuate, they failed to take these with them.
The vessel was equipped with an emergency position indicating radio beacon
(EPIRB), which if activated would have quickly alerted authorities and narrowed the search
area. However, the crewmembers did not take the EPIRB with them when they abandoned the
vessel. As a result, they spent 3 days in the water before search and rescue assets were able to
locate them.

4 Read the text and title the paragraphs.

A___________
Put on as much warm clothing as possible making sure, in particular, that your head, neck,
hands and feet are covered. Replace heavy boots or shoes with soft-soled footwear such as
sandshoes. Put on an immersion suit and life jacket. Take anti-seasickness tablets.
(Vomiting accelerates dehydration, and seasickness can make you more prone to
hypothermia.) Drink as much water as possible. Avoid jumping into the water. If you
have to jump, get out of the water as soon as possible.
B___________
Whenever possible board survival craft directly from the vessel's deck or by using the
embarkation ladders. If this is not possible, use a rope or fire hose in preference to jumping.
If you have to jump, enter the water from the lowest possible point of the vessel and swim to
the survival craft. If the ship is listing to one side, try to leave by the bow, or the stern if the
propeller is not turning.
Ensure that your life jacket is securely tied. Keep your elbows to your side and cover your
nose and mouth with one hand while holding the wrist with the other hand.
If it is necessary to jump onto a survival craft (and this should be avoided if at all possible),
care should be taken to avoid jumping onto people already in the craft. Shoes and sharp
objects should be removed first.
C____________
Hypothermia resulting from immersion, particularly in the low temperature waters south of
Australia, represents the greatest threat to those forced into the water during abandonment. In
cold water the skin and peripheral tissues become cooled and then the deep body temperature
falls: this is hypothermia. It is important that personnel are recovered from the water as soon
as possible and their temperature restored.
If it is not immediately possible to board a survival craft adopt the Heat Escape Lessoning
Posture - `HELP' position.
This position minimizes heat loss, keeps your head clear of the water and gives an increase in
predicted survival time by nearly fifty per cent. The inner sides of your arms should be held
tight to your sides. Hug your legs.
Once in a survival craft, huddle together, minimize ventilation and share dry clothing to
provide body heat to those suffering from hypothermia. Wring any wet clothing and put it
back on if dry clothing is not available.
D____________
Immediately after abandoning the vessel and entering the survival craft survivors are likely to
be cold, wet, exhausted and in varying degrees of shock. Mental and/or physical let-down
leading to collapse is a possibility, but must be resisted at least until the situation of all
survivors is consolidated.
Every effort must be made to take immediate action to enhance your chances of survival and
rescue. The person in charge of each survival craft should decide the order in which these
actions are undertaken. Many actions may be performed concurrently, for example, rescuing
survivors in the water, joining the survival craft together, treating the injured and preventing
sea- sickness.
Some actions are of greater importance than others in this initial phase, such as rescuing
survivors from the water and gathering the craft together.

Language Study

6 Decipher the abbreviations.

EPIRB_______________________________

SART________________________________

SOS_________________________________

7 Write the functions of the equipment.

EPIRB -__________

SART -

RADAR -

GPS –

Reading

8 Read the text and title the paragraphs.

A_________________________________
An Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon or EPIRB is used to alert search and rescue
services in the event of an emergency. It does this by transmitting a coded message on the 406
MHz distress frequency via satellite and earth stations to the nearest rescue co-ordination
centre.
Some EPIRBs also have built-in GPS which enables the rescue services to accurately locate
you to +/- 50 metres.
B_________________________________
EPIRBs are generally installed on boats and can either be operated automatically after an
incident or manually.
406 MHz EPIRBs work with the Cospas-Sarsat polar orbiting satellite system, giving true
global coverage. There is an alert delay of about 45 minutes dependant on when the satellites
come into view on the horizon.
The satellite can determine the position of your EPIRB to within 5km (3 miles). The coded
message identifies the exact vessel to which the EPIRB is registered. This information allows
the rescue services to eliminate false alerts and launch an appropriate rescue.
GPS-enabled EPIRBs have a built-in transmitter which will typically alert the rescue services
within 3 minutes and to a positional accuracy of +/- 50 metres (updated every 20 minutes)
given a clear view skywards.
Some EPIRBs also have a secondary distress transmitter. This transmits on 121.5 MHz and is
used for "homing" purposes. When the rescue services get close, this allows them to direction
find on the signal. Some EPIRBs also have a high brightness LED flashing light that aids final
visual location

C________________________________
Emergency Position Indicating Radio beacons (EPIRB) distress radio is one of the best
mechanisms operative to help adventure enthusiasts and explorers keep in touch with the
world. Ships could keep in touch with the mainland without the fear of getting lost in the
oceans. EPIRB is the solution to a sailor’s nightmare of getting lost in the sea. It could even
be a great help to you, if you lose touch with your friends while on a trip. Your friends could
locate you in no time, and you would be in safe hands before you know it.
In case the EPIRB is not compatible with a GPS receiver, the geosynchronous satellite
orbiting the earth can only pick only the radio signals emitted by the radio. The location of the
transmitter or the identity of the owner cannot be deduced in this case. These satellites can
only pick up trace elements of such signals and they can only give a rough idea of the location
of the EPIRB.
A signal of 406MHz is treated as an emergency signal as per international standards. The
signal could help you in locating the transmitter even if it is 3 miles away. The vessel or the
individual in distress could be identified if the EPIRB is registered.
If an emitter transmits signals of 121.5 MHz, the rescuer or concerned party can reach the lost
person even if they are at a distance of 15 miles. The accuracy of reaching the target could be
magnified if an EPIRB also contains a GPS receiver.
D__________________________
The EPIRB needs to be activated to emit signals. This could be done by pushing a button on
the unit, or it could happen automatically if and when it comes in contact with water. The
latter variety are known as hydrostatic EPIRB the quality makes hydrostatic EPIRBs the best
choice for sailors because they could he automatically activated in case the ship or vessel
meets an accident and finds itself in deep waters. The point to be kept in mind is that EPIRB
needs activation to be operative, and this could happen only when it emerges from the bracket
it is placed in. This could be done manually or it could happen automatically, as said earlier.
The device is essentially battery-operated. This helps because power is the first entity to be
affected in case of a calamity.

9 Look at the picture and describe the procedure of EPIRB operating.

Speaking

10 In pairs, compose a story using the pictures.

______________
______________
______________
______________
______________

Reading

11 Look at the picture and discuss the questions.

1) Have you ever seen SART?

2) Did you try to use it?
3) What are the methods of using it?

12 Read the text and complete the text with the appropriate sentences.

1 SART machines have been instrumental in rescuing several crafts and ships by
reacting to the search signal sent from an x-band radar, typically of 9 GHz
2 As the rescuing vessel or individual approaches the SART, the circumference of the
arc would go up.
3 SARTS are made of water proof components which protects it against damage by
water.
4 The crew on the ship is thus alerted that another vessel in the vicinity of 100 meters
requires assistance.
5 This signifies the importance of a SART on a ship

SART or Search and Rescue Transponder, is extremely vital equipment on the ship as
it performs the job of a signal-man. It is a vital machine during distress for it helps in locating
the position of the vessel in case it goes off-track.
_______________________________________
 SARTs are essentially battery-operated, hence can be operative for a long time, as
long as 100-hours if need arises in case of emergencies.
SARTs are of use in ships, lifeboats and life rafts. They are the most supportive
machines in case of an unprecedented emergency. SARTs are designed to remain afloat on
water for a long time in case the vessel finds itself submerged in water. The bright color of
SARTs enables their quick detection, whereas the combination of transmitter and receiver
enables it to transmit as well as receive radio
signals.______________________________________________________
These signals are known as homing signals. The response is usually displayed on radar
screens as a sequence of dots on a X band-radar, which helps rescuers reach the vessels in
time.
The battery of SART is kept safe and can last long because it lies dormant when not
needed. The equipment is activated only when it needs to be, like when it comes in contact
with water. Standard vessels of 500 tons or less are not supposed to go in the sea without a
SART, whereas vessels above 500 tons are not supposed to venture out in the seas without
two transponders.
_________________________________________________________________
The device remains dormant until an emergency switch is on. This way, it saves on
several watts of power, crucial for other equipments. It turns itself on, when it gets signals
emitted by the radar of a vessel passing by.
_________________________________________
Audio and visual signals do the trick in most cases.
SARTs find themselves useful in rescue operations involving ships stranded by sea
accidents. They are designed to survive the toughest conditions and stay active on elevated
positions like on a pole so that they could cover a diverse range. SART emits a sequence of 12
dots, the first dot represents the starting point, and the rest would simply rush to the ends.
__________________________________________The pattern differentiates it from that of a
RADAR, which simply reflects the signals.

13 Discuss in pairs.
1) Who should use SART and when?
2) How does it work?
3) When should you use SART?
4) Is it difficult to operate it?

Viewing

14 Read the information and discuss how people will survive.

On June 28, 2016 out of Charleston, sc a 27-foot sea pro ended up falling apart and
sinking with 4 people on board.

15 Watch the video and check your guesses.

16 In pairs, analyze the survivors’ actions.

Speaking

17 Сompare the operating use of EPIRB and SART.

18 In pairs, describe how to survive at sea using the pictures.

3
1 2

4 5

Check Your Competency

Module 3
Survival Craft Proficiency
1. What is the procedure of life boat drills?
2. What is the procedure of free fall life boat drills?
3. What is the procedure of rescue boat drills?
4. What are the SOLAS requirements for maintenance of LSA?
5. What are the SOLAS requirements for inspection of LSA?
6. What information does Checklist ``Safety Inspection of LSA`` contain?
7. What survival techniques do you know?
8. What is SART? How does it work?
9. What is EPIRB? How does it work?

Word List
Module 3
Survival Craft Proficiency

buoyant apparatus плавучие спасательные средства плавучі рятувальні засоби

плавучий спасательный линь плавучий рятувальний лінь
davit шлюбалка шлюпбалка
embarkation ladder посадковий штормтрап посадковий штормтрап
fall block блок шлюпталей блок шлюпталей
hydrostatic release unit гидростатическое разобщающее гідростатичний
устройство роз’єднувальний пристрій
immersion suit гидротермокостюм гідротермокостюм
inflatable 1iferaft надувной спасательный плот надувний рятувальний пліт
inflated rescue boat надувная дежурная шлюпка надувна чергова шлюпка
launching and recovering спусковое и подъемное спусковий та підйомний
arrangement устройство пристрій
life raft спасательный плот рятувальний пліт
lifebuoy спасательный круг рятувальне коло
lifebuoys self-igniting самозажигающиеся огни самозапалювальні вогні
1ights спасательных кругов рятувальних кругів
lifejacket спасательный жилет рятувальний жилет
falls лопари лопарі
gripes найтовы найтові
painters фалини фаліні
rescue boat дежурная шлюпка рятувальна шлюпка
thermal protective aids теплозащитные средства теплозахисні засоби
winch лебедка лебідка

NOTES
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 MODULE 4

Ship Security Techniques

You will be able to:
1. describe the Ship Security Plan and requirements to the Ship Security Plan
2. describe the duties of Ship Security Officer according to the maritime security levels
3. describe the crew actions in case of piracy attack
4. describe the actions of the crew when a stowaway is found on the vessel
Essential competency: speak about ships security techniques in terms of Ship Security Plan,
Ship Security Officer’s Duties, Maritime Security Levels.

Topic 1
Ship Security Plan
Starter
Discuss with your partner.
1.Life can never give security, it can only promise opportunity (Chinese Proverb)
2.Distrust and caution are the parents of security (Albanian Proverb)
3.To have Security, plan ahead.
4.The bigger the chance, the less the security.
5.If money is your hope for independence you will never have it. The only real security that a
man will have in this world is a reserve of knowledge, experience, and ability (Henry Ford)
6.Security is an illusion. Life is either a daring adventure or it is nothing at all (Henry Miller)

Reading

1 Make an abbreviation from the following expression. Have you ever heard about this
document? What do you know about it?

INTERNATIONAL SHIP AND PORT FACILITY SECURITY

CODE
2 Read the information and complete the table below.

International Ship and Port Facility Security Code

When was it adopted? What organization adopted it? Why was it adopted?

The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code is an amendment to the
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention (1974/1988) on minimum security arrangements
for ships, ports and government agencies. Having come into force in 2004, it prescribes
responsibilities to governments, shipping companies, shipboard personnel, and port/facility
personnel to "detect security threats and take preventative measures against security incidents
affecting ships or port facilities used in international trade."

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) states that ISPS Code is a

comprehensive set of measures to enhance the security of ships and port facilities, developed
in response to the perceived threats to ships and port facilities in the wake of the 9/11 attacks
in the United States" (IMO).
Development and implementation were sped up drastically in reaction to the September
11, 2001 attacks and the bombing of the French oil tanker Limburg. The U.S. Coast Guard, as
the lead agency in the United States delegation to the IMO, advocated for the measure. The
Code was agreed at a meeting of the 108 signatories to the SOLAS convention in London in
December 2002. The measures agreed under the Code were brought into force on July 1,
2004.
The ISPS Code is implemented through chapter XI-2 Special measures to enhance
maritime security in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The
Code is a two-part document describing minimum requirements for security of ships and
ports. Part A provides mandatory requirements. Part B provides guidance for implementation.

The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages (including passenger ships,
cargo ships of 500 GT and upwards, and mobile offshore drilling units) and the port facilities
serving such ships.
The main objectives of the ISPS Code are:
To detect security threats and implement security measures
To establish roles and responsibilities concerning maritime security for governments,
local administrations, ship and port industries at the national and international level
To collate and promulgate security-related information
To provide a methodology for security assessments so as to have in place plans and
procedures to react to changing security levels.
 The Code does not specify specific measures that each port and ship must take to ensure
the safety of the facility against terrorism because of the many different types and sizes of
these facilities. Instead it outlines" a standardized, consistent framework for evaluating risk,
enabling governments to offset changes in threat with changes in vulnerability for ships and
port facilities."
For ships the framework includes requirements for:

Ship security plans;

Ship security officers;
Company security officers;
Certain onboard equipment.
For port facilities, the requirements include:
Port facility security plans;

Port facility security officers;

Certain security equipment.
In addition the requirements for ships and for port facilities include:
Monitoring and controlling access;
Monitoring the activities of people and cargo;
Ensuring security communications are readily available.

3 Read the text once more and underline the most important information.

Speaking

4 Make the summary of the text and inform your partner about the ISPS Code.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reading
5 Discuss.

Ship Security Plan is the most important document on the vessel.

6 Read the text and title it.
___________________________________

New security measures and procedures adopted by the International Maritime

Organization (IMO) establish an international marine security framework to enhance the
protection of ships, personnel, cargo, and ports. The initiative, called the International Ship
and of Port Facility Security Code (ISPS), responds to an increased threat of terrorist attacks.
The new security measures and procedures apply to cargo ships of 500 tons or more
involved in international trade, passenger ships and high-speed passenger craft, mobile
offshore drilling units, and port facilities for the above ships on international voyages. While
these new security requirements are designed to combat terrorism, they can also help to
effectively protect against other threats, such as piracy and hijacking.
Terrorists pose a potential threat to ships and shipping because a ship could be used:

• To smuggle terrorists or weapons to countries to carry out an attack.

• Take control and use the ship as a weapon,
• Attack a ship directly,
• Take hostages from the ship
• Use the ship to hold a port hostage,
• Use the cargo on the ship to cause environmental or economic problems for a coastal
state.
Each ship and port facility is responsible for determining the security measures
necessary to respond to potential threats. Ship operators and crew and port authorities and
facility operators are required to conduct threat assessments, security surveys, vulnerability
assessments, and then develop security plans to mitigate unacceptable risks. Personnel
responsible for the security of ships and ports are also required to provide training and drills
to ensure a familiarity with security plans and procedures. These security requirements for
ships must be approved by the “Administration”, that is responsible for ensuring the
enforcement of international conventions.
Port security measures must be approved by the “Contracting Government” which is
signatory to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). Ships will be
required to carry an International Ship Security Certificate onboard similar to the Safety
Management Certificate, indicating they have an approved Ship Security Plan and the crew
understands their security responsibilities. The certificate and parts of the Plan are subject to a
Port State Control inspection.
The Administrations for the Contracting Governments will be responsible for
developing procedures for assessing threats and establishing the appropriate readiness
conditions or security levels. The Contracting Government will also be responsible for
defining the security measures and procedures for each of the three Security Alert Conditions:
Security Level 1, Security Level 2, and Security Level 3. The Company and Ship Security
Officers will be responsible for the development and implementation of the Security Plan. All
ship operators and port facility operators will be required to ensure that the minimum Security
Level for the appropriate readiness condition is implemented.
 A company must have a Company Security Officer (CSO); each ship is required to have
a Ship Security Officer (SSO). A Ship Security Plan must be developed for each ship, and
each ship must be equipped with specific equipment. The plan must stipulate the methods
and procedures for the three security levels. Each ship is required to control and monitor
access and the activities of people and cargo, and security communications must be readily
available.
Similarly, all ports to which these security measures apply must appoint a Port Facility
Security Officer (PFSO) and prepare a Port Facility Security Plan. The plan has to be
approved by the Contracting Government responsible for the port facility. The following
information contained in the plan is confidential and shall be kept in very strict confidence by
the Company Security Officer, Master and Ship’s Security Officer:
• Procedures for responding to security threats or breaches of security, including
provisions for maintaining critical operations of the ship or ship/port interface;
• Procedures for responding to any security instructions Contracting Governments may
give at security level 2 or 3;
• Duties of shipboard personnel assigned security responsibilities and of other shipboard
personnel on security aspects;
• Procedures to ensure the inspection, testing, calibration, and maintenance of any
security equipment provided on board, if any;
• Identification of the locations where the ship security alert system activation points are
provided; and
• Procedures, instructions and guidance on the use of the ship security alert system,
including the testing, activation, deactivation and resetting and to limit false alerts.
7 Work with the dictionary and find the meaning of the words in bold type.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8 Read the text once more and answer the questions:
1. What ships do the new security measures apply to?
2. Why do the terrorists pose a potential threat to the ships?
3. Who is required to conduct threat assessments?
4. What does Ship Security Certificate indicate?
5. What are company and Ship Security Officer responsible for?
6. What must Ship Security Plan provide?
7. What information contained in the plan must be kept in very strict confidence?
Speaking
9 Debate!!!

Only Master is responsible for the safety of the ship, cargo and crew.

Reading
10 Read the text and title the paragraphs.

__________________________________
Each ship shall carry on board a Ship Security Plan (SSP) approved by the
Administration. The plan shall make provisions for the three security levels as defined in ISPS
Code. The plan must be developed based on guidance provided by the International Maritime
Organization (IMO). The Company Security Officer is responsible for preparing the Ship
Security Plan (SSP). Each ship’s plan contents should vary depending on the type of ship and
the ship’s operating area.
____________________________________
To prepare a Ship Security Plan, it is necessary to first conduct a Ship Security survey,
which examines existing physical security measure, procedures, and operations. A
vulnerability assessment is then completed to determine potential gaps or weaknesses in
security. These Sections of the plan are to be confidential and should be separately maintained
in a locked cabinet. The Ship Security Plan also contains specific security policies and
procedures, which are detailed in subsequent sections.
________________________________________

The Administration may entrust the review and approval of ship security plans, or of
amendments to a previously approved plan, to recognized security organizations. In such
cases the recognized security organization, undertaking the review and approval of a ship
security plan, or its amendments, for a specific ship shall not have been involved in either the
preparation of the ship security assessment or of the ship security plan, or of the amendments,
under review.
_____________________________________
The submission of a ship security plan for approval shall be accompanied by the
security assessment on the basis of which the plan has been developed. Such a plan shall be
developed, taking into account the guidance given in ISPS Code part B and shall be written in
the working language or languages of the ship. If the language or languages used is not
English, French or Spanish, a translation into one of these languages shall be included.
______________________________________
The plan shall address, at least, the following:
– measures designed to prevent weapons, dangerous substances and devices intended for use
against persons, ships or ports and the carriage of which is not authorized from being taken on
board the ship; the prevention of unauthorized access to the ship;
– procedures for evacuation in case of security threats or breaches of security; auditing the
security activities; training, drills and exercises associated with the plan; interfacing with port
facility security activities; the periodic review of the plan and for updating; reporting security
incidents;
– identification of the ship security officer, company security officer including 24-hour
contact details; the locations where the ship security alert system activation points are
provided.
– frequency for testing or calibration of any security equipment provided on board.
The plan may be kept in an electronic format. In such a case, it shall be protected by
procedures aimed at preventing its unauthorized deletion, destruction or amendment. The plan
shall be protected from unauthorized access or disclosure. Ship security plans are not subject
to inspection by officers duly authorized by a Contracting Government to carry out control
and compliance measures.
11 Correct the statements.
1. Administration may not entrust the review of the Ship Security Plan (SSP) to
recognized security organizations.
2. SSP is developed on the basis of the crew’s stories.
3. All crew is responsible for preparing SSP.
4. The plan shall include the measures for prevention of hunger on the vessel.
5. The plan shall include the procedures for prevention of company’s representative
access to the ship.
6. The plan shall include the identification of the locations where the Internet is provided.
7. SSP must be kept only in writing.

Language Study

12 Match the words with their definitions.

1. entrust a) to start using a plan or system

2. submission b) to correct something or make something right

3. determine c) a statement within an agreement or a law that a particular

thing must happen or be done, especially before another can
happen or be done

4. implement d) to give someone a thing or a duty for which they are

responsible

5. rectify e) the act of giving something for a decision to be made by

others, or a document formally given in this way

6. provision f) to control or influence something directly, or to decide what

will happen

1 2 3 4 5 6

13 Use the words from ex. 12 and fill in the gaps.

1. We have inserted certain ____________ into the treaty to safeguard sterevedores.
2. He didn't look like the sort of man you should _________ your luggage to.
3. The changes to SSP will be ___________ next year.
4. No date has yet been set for the ____________ of cadets’ applications.
5. I am determined to take whatever action is necessary to _________ the situation with
the attackers.
6. The assessment is completed _______________ potential gaps in security.

Speaking
14 Debate !!!

All ships must have the same SSP.

Reading

15 Tick the areas that are considered to be restricted on the ship.

__navigation bridge, machinery spaces

__ spaces containing security and surveillance equipment and systems
__ galley, mess room, garbage room
__ ventilation and air-conditioning systems
__ spaces with access to potable water tanks, pumps, or manifolds
__ spaces containing dangerous goods or hazardous substances
__ spaces containing cargo pumps and their controls
__ sickbay, refrigerated chamber, sewage plant
__ cargo spaces and spaces containing ships stores
__ crew accommodation
16 Draw the vessel and label the restricted areas on your picture.

Space for drawing

17 Group the measures.
The SSP should establish the following security measures to be applied to restricted areas:

Security level 1
–

Security level 2
–

Security level 3
–

 locking or securing access points;

 continuously monitoring surveillance equipment;
 using guards or patrols;
 setting up of additional restricted areas on the ship in proximity to the security
incident, or the believed location of the security threat, to which access is denied;
 using automatic intrusion detection devices to alert the ships personnel of
unauthorized access;
 establishing restricted areas adjacent to access points;
 using surveillance equipment to monitor the areas;
 searching of restricted areas as part of a search of the ship;
 dedicating additional personnel to guard and patrol restricted areas.

Reading
18 a) Read the text and title the paragraphs.
Security Level 1
Security Level 2
Security Level 3
 _____________________________
A At this security level, the Ship Security Plan (SSP) should establish the security measures
to be applied to protect against a heightened risk of a security incident to ensure higher
vigilance and tighter control, which may include:

– 1 __________ additional personnel to patrol deck areas during silent hours to deter
unauthorized access;
– 2 __________ the number of access points to the ship, identifying those to be closed and the
means of adequately securing them;
– 3 __________ waterside access to the ship, including, for example, in liaison with the port
facility, provision of boat patrols;

– establishing a restricted area on the shore-side of the ship, in close co-operation with the
port facility;
–

–
____________________________

B At this security level, the Ship Security Plan should detail the security measures which
could be taken by the ship, in close co-operation with those responding and the port facility,
which may include:
– limiting access to a single, controlled, access point;
– 4 _________ access only to those responding to the security incident or threat thereof;
– directions of persons on board;
– 5 _________ of embarkation or disembarkation;
–

–
 ___________________________
C At this security level, the Ship Security Plan should establish the security measures to
control access to the ship, where the following may be applied:
– checking the identity of all persons 6 ________ to board the ship and confirming their
reasons for doing so by checking, for example, joining instructions, passenger tickets,
boarding passes, work orders etc;
– in liaison with the port facility the ship should ensure that designated secure areas are
established in which inspections and 7 ________ of persons, baggage (including carry on
items), personal effects, vehicles and their contents can take place;
– in liaison with the port facility the ship should ensure that vehicles destined to be loaded on
board car carriers, ro-ro and other passenger ships are subjected to search prior to loading, in
accordance with the frequency required in the SSP;

– 8 ___________ checked persons and their personal effects from unchecked persons and
their personal effects;
–

–
b) Fill in the gaps.

granting/ segregating/ deterring/ assigning/ seeking/ limiting/ searching/ suspension

Speaking

19 In groups, think about more duties of crewmembers according to each security level. Find
the partner from another group and complete the lists.

20 Give suggestion to your partner according to each security level.

At security level 2 you should

escort visitors on the ship.
 Topic 2
Duties and Responsibilities of Ship Security Officer

Starter

a) Answer the questions:

Was there Ship Security Officer on your last vessel?

What were his duties?

b) Look at the poster and describe it. Were the actions of the crewmembers correct?

1 Fill in the gaps.

Ship Security Officer’s Duties & Responsibilities

consistency/ modifications / inspections / acknowledge / report / supervise / enhance

The duties and responsibilities of the SSO shall include, but are not limited to:

– Regular security 1__________ of the Ship.

– Maintain and 2__________ implementation of the ship security plan, including any
amendments to the plan,
– Propose 3 __________ to the Ship Security Plan.

– 4 __________ security awareness and vigilance on board the Ship.

– Ensure that adequate training has been provided to Ship personnel.

– 5 _________ all security incidents.

– Ensure 6 _________ between security requirements and proper treatment of the crew.

– 7 ______________ receipt of the instructions on change of the security level, whenever

security level 2 or 3 is set by the Administration.

Speaking
2 In groups, think about more duties of Ship Security Officer and share your ideas with the
group-mates.

Language Study

3 Match the words with the synonyms.

1. Modification a) sequence; succession, order, set

2. Enhance b) variation, variety, change

3. Supervise c) examination, visit, revision

4. Report d) confirm, justify, verify

5. Consistency e) inform, tell, give notice

6. Inspection f) observe, inspect, monitor

7. Acknowledge g) enforce, strengthen, deepen

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 Describe Security Officer’s duties using new words.







5 Read the case and tell what happened.

Arriving off a south American port, a vessel embarked someone they supposed to be a
sea pilot. He boarded from a launch marked 'Pilot', his identification was checked by the crew
and he was signed in and escorted to the bridge. There he confidently introduced himself as
the sea pilot and said the berthing pilot would be arriving shortly. When the real pilot came
onboard, the 'sea pilot' conversed* with him in Spanish, and the bridge team overheard him
quietly introducing himself as the owners' superintendent, after which he retreated** to the far
side of the bridge. At some time, perhaps during the busy berthing procedure, the bogus***
pilot hid the contents of one of his backpacks in a cabin near the bridge door. This turned out
to be envelopes containing cocaine. Fortunately, he was stopped when leaving the terminal
area, the police were called to the vessel and the drugs were found by police dogs.

*Converse – communicate
**Retreat – leave
***Bogus – false, fake
6 Answer the questions:

1. Why did it happen?

2. Was it only one person’s mistake?
3. What had to be done after the arrival of the real pilot?

7 In pairs, make a list of advices fitting the case.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Reading
8 Answer the questions:

1. What do you know about the security survey?

2. What does the security assessment involve?

9 Read the text and mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). Give your reasons.
1 __ The Ship Security Officer must ensure that the Ship Security Assessment is carried out
properly.

2 __ The assessment must contain the following: identification and evaluation of the key
shipboard operations that are important to protect.
3 __ The survey identifies and evaluates the necessary security equipment to protect the
vessel.

Survey Process
The Ship Security Survey is the first step to developing a Ship Security Assessment. It
is the responsibility of the Company Security Officer (the SSO can act on behalf of the CSO)
to ensure a Ship Security Assessment is carried out by competent persons with skills to
evaluate the security of a ship. The survey identifies and evaluates the necessary security
measures to counter potential threats to the ship at port, at anchor, and at sea. An assessment
must be documented and a copy retained by the Company.
The assessment must include an on-scene security survey with, at least, the following
elements:

– Identify the existing security measures, procedures, and operations.

– Identify and evaluate the key shipboard operations that are important to protect.
– Identify the possible threats to the key shipboard operations and the likelihood of their
occurrence, in order to establish and prioritize security measures.

– Identify security weaknesses, including human factors in the infrastructure, policies,

and procedures.
Language Study

10 Tick the best definition and explain your choice. Give your reasons.

Assessment Survey

the act of judging or deciding the amount, an examination of the structure of a

value, quality, or importance of building by a specially trained person
something, or the judgment or decision
that is made

an official valuation of property for the description of the whole of a subject

purpose of levying a tax; an assigned
 value

calculation of the cost or value of an examination of opinions, behaviour,

something, or the amount of the cost or made by asking people questions
value

the process of making a judgment or the measuring and recording of the

forming an opinion, after considering details of an area of land
something or someone carefully

11 Fill in the gaps, using the words assessment/ survey.

1. Would you say that is a fair ______________ of the situation?

2. The investigation was reopened after careful _______________ of new evidence.

3. Both their ___________ of security were hopelessly inaccurate.
4. A recent ________ showed that Ship Security Officer didn’t instruct ratings.
5. Risk ____________ is the determination of quantitative or qualitative estimate
of risk related to a well-defined situation.

12 Read the text and title it.

__________________________________________________

The Master or the SSO is responsible for declaring the Ship Security Level. Security
Levels or readiness conditions are procedures to respond to security threats or breaches of
security, including provisions for maintaining critical operations of the ship or ship/port
interface. Normal operating conditions are Security Level 1. At this readiness condition, the
following actions are required for all ships:

 Ensure the performance of all ship security duties.

 Monitor access to the ship.
 Monitor the deck areas and areas surrounding the ship.
 Monitor the embarkation of persons and their carry-on items.
 Supervise the handling of cargo and ship’s stores.
 Ensure that port-specific security communication is readily available.
As the threat alters, the security level should be modified. The highest security level, as
a general policy, may include arming ship personnel. Three Security Levels, or Security
Readiness Conditions (SRC), have been established to respond to potential threats:

Security Level 1: Low Threat Normal operating conditions.

Security Level 2: Medium Threat Heightened threat due to an announcement or
intelligence of a non-specific (perceived) threat.
Security Level 3: High Threat Highest threat level in response to an attack or official
information of a specific threat.
 It is important that Security Levels be clearly defined for all personnel. Training should
be conducted at all readiness conditions to ensure rapid response to changing threats. When
entering a port, a ship is required to act upon the security level set by the Contracting
Government. A ship, Company or Administration may choose a higher security level than
recommended by the Port Facility Security Officer. The SSO and Port Facility Security
Officer are required to liaise and coordinate appropriate actions.
At Security Levels 2 and 3, a ship is required to acknowledge receipt of the designated
authority’s advice on a change in the security level. The SSO shall confirm to the Port Facility
Security Officer the Ship’s Security Level and report any difficulties in implementation.

Speaking
13 Write the questions to the text and interview your partner.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reading
14 a) Read the text and write down the appropriate Security Level (1, 2, 3).

b) Fill in the gaps using the words in bold type.

c) Read the text once more and tick five duties which are the most important.
A For Maritime Security Level ______ the Ship’s Security Officer should:

decline / assign / verification / patrol

1 ________ additional personnel to guard access points.
Increase the frequency and detail of security patrols.

Coordinate waterside boat 2 _________ with the port facility.

Limit the number of access points; identify and secure closed access points.
Advise passengers and crew to not leave packages/baggage unattended.
Check seals on containers and other cargo lockers.
Provide additional shore side lighting by coordinating with the port facility.
Restrict access to the bridge, engine room, and other restricted areas to specific
crewmembers.
Escort and strictly control all visitors.
Advise shore authorities if a visitor 3 ________ to accept security measures.
Augment bridge watches and lookouts.
Increase 4 ____________ and checking of cargo and ship’s stores.
B For Maritime Security Level ______ the Ship’s Security Officer should:

ramp / postponing / vigilant/ roving

Limit access to a single location.
Post additional personnel to ensure the ship perimeter is constantly under surveillance.

Intensify 1 _______ patrols, especially on deck.

Assign a Watch Officer to all active ladders, 2 ________, and gangways.
Consider 3 __________ the delivery of all stores.
Prohibit all vehicles, workboats, and barges from coming alongside while at port.
Place additional light on the main deck, access areas, and inboard/outboard sides at night.
Lay out fire hoses at access areas and ensure they can be manned on two minute’s notice.
Check all crew lockers and storage locations.

Inspect the hull while in port and where practical.

Dog and lock all door/hatches from the inside to control access.
Brief all personnel on potential threats, procedures, and the necessity to remain
__________.

C For Maritime Security Level ______ the Ship’s Security Officer should:

issue/ deploy/ integrity/ tampering

1 ________ a 24-hour deck watch/roving patrol.
2 _________ a Ship security bill designating personnel assignments.
Equip the Watch Officer and Engine Room Watch Officer with portable hand-held
communication devices.
Secure all identified access points.
Strictly control access on and off the ship; verify the identity of all persons.
Search the baggage and all carry-on items before embarkation.
Limit and/or restrict access to critical ship areas to authorized personnel.

Raise and/or secure all ladders, ramps, and gangways when not in use.
Illuminate the main deck, all active access points, and the inboard/outboard sides during
periods of darkness.
Verify the 3 ________ of the cargo and ship’s stores to ensure there has been no 4
_________.
Ensure rat guards are used alongside the pier.
Activate security equipment, such as alarms, automatic intrusion detection devices, and
surveillance cameras.
Language Study
15 Match the words with their synonyms and definitions.

1. decline a) to produce or provide something official

2. assign b) a raised strip built into a road to make vehicles drive more
slowly

3. verification c) travelling from place to place

4. patrol d) to delay an event and plan or decide that it should happen

at a later date or time

5. ramp e) to touch or make changes to something that you should not

6. postpone f) a small group of soldiers or military ships, aircraft, or

vehicles, especially one that patrols an area

7. vigilant g) the quality of being whole and complete

8. roving h) to prove that something exists or is true, or to make certain

that something is correct

9. issue i) to use something or someone, especially in an effective

way

10. deploy j) always being careful to notice things, especially possible

danger

11. integrity k) to refuse

12. tamper l) to give a particular job or piece of work to someone

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

16 Fill in the gaps using the words from act. 15.

1. The office will be _______ permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings.

2. I invited that ordinary seaman to the briefing but he _________.

3. I could see at once that the lock of warehouse had been __________.
4. Following the bomb scare at the port, the staff has been warned to be extra ________.
5. My position of rating doesn't really allow me fully to _______ my talents in chart updating.
6. They decided to ________ the security briefing until next week.
7. Our forward _________ spotted the pirates.
8. Ship Security Officer ________ Company Security Officer’s offer.
9. The case has been __________ to our most senior officer.
10. We assigned additional lookouts to all active __________.

Speaking
17 Choose the partner from another group. Cadet A instructs Cadet B about his duties
according to the Security Level.

Cadet A – Company Security Officer.

Cadet B – Ship Security Officer.

 Topic 3
Anti-Piracy Techniques

Starter

a) The men in the photograph on the right

have guns. Imagine that they approach your
ship. Discuss with your partner.
1. What should you do if they fire at the
ship?
2. What should you do if they get on board?
3. What should you do to survive as a
prisoner?
4. What do pirates want?
5. Should you try to escape or fight back?
b) Read the paragraphs a-e (below) and match them with questions 1-5 (above).
a They want money and their leaders will talk to the ship’s owners about a ransom. They
don’t want to injure or kill any of their hostages and they may muster the crew on the deck to
show the world’s media that everyone is alive. ___
b Time will pass slowly and there will be many people on board. Smile and try to
communicate with the pirates. Have a routine: eat, read, sleep, keep clean and take exercise.
Find a safe area to go in the event of a rescue attempt. ___

c If there is an opportunity to get away, take it. Use violence only if you have a good chance
of escape. If the pirates are going to kill you, try to escape even if your chances are not good.
___
d If they take over your ship, stay calm. The first fifteen minutes are very dangerous. Avoid
violence and try to stabilize the situation quickly. Cooperate with the pirates and let them feel
in control. ___
e If you are under attack, activate alarms and alert international maritime forces. Maintain full
sea speed and make big waves to upset the pirates’ boats. If they get close, film them and
deploy fire hoses to keep them away. ___
c) Think and give the definitions for the following:
pirate attack –

hijack –
Reading
1 Look at the pictures and guess what text is about.

Once the pirate gets on board, the action to take by the master and crew differs depending on the
degree how much the attackers take command of the ship. However, the objectives of the master and
crew are:
- to ensure safety of persons on board with the greatest possible effort;
- to ensure operation of ship by the member of crew;
- to ensure leaving of attackers from ship as soon as possible.
In any case, never expose human life to danger by challenging against violence to protect the
properties on board.
Evacuate in pre-determined safe place, as appropriate, and ensure that all personnel are staying
there. Members of crew should pay effort to stay together.
Report the circumstances using radio equipment and seek to get help, if possible. When intruder
forbids use of radio, crew should pay attention on their ability to monitor the use of radio equipment.
Crew should not stay in between the intruders and their boat, because this would increase the
risk of injury or violence. Priority should be given that the intruders may easily leave off a alongside
the ship.
As a rule, not try to arrest the attackers. This action works to induce violence.
When the ship is hijacked by the intruders, liaise with them, if possible, to take command of
ship’s operation and seek to return hostages. However, in many cases, only one option to ensure safety
is to accept the requirement of the attackers.
2 a) In pairs, read the text and complete the table (Cadet A – column 1, Cadet B – column 2).

When pirates get on shipboard seamen:

SHOULD SHOULDN’T

 
 
 
 
 

b) Exchange the information with your partner.

3 Match the beginnings to the endings.

Action when encountered with pirates:

1. Blow whistle to a. shoot rocket flares.

2. Increase ship’s speed, b. security alert system.

3. Light up the upper deck and ship’s side, c. other ships in the vicinity.
when appropriate,

4. If pirates try to endanger the ship, d. alert the crew and other ships.

5. If intruders try to get onboard using a hook, e. transmit the distress signal using the DSC
(digital selective calling) device.

6. Activate the ship f. and change the course to seaside.

7. Give alert to shore authority and g. and hit the light to possible attackers, using
searchlight, to dazzle them.

8. When the pirate assaulted the ship, h. cut the rope of the hook.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Language Study
4 Label the pictures using the words in bold.

vigilant/ assault/ intruder/ decline/ dazzle/ whistle/ assessment/ rocket flare

1 2

3 4 5
6 7 8

5 Make word combinations.

1. assault a. whistle
2. dazzle b. forbid
3. blow c. the vessel
4. shoot d. rocket flare
5. intruder e. the pirates

1 2 3 4 5

Speaking
6 A Do you agree or disagree? Prove your idea.
1. Pirates should be punished by death. We should not arrest them, say, “naughty, naughty”,
and release them. We should sink their boats with all hands.
2. Violence only makes more violence and killing pirates increases the risk for seafarers who
are held hostage.
B Read the report and the list of possible actions. Complete the advantages and disadvantages
of each action.

Report
Last night twenty pirates hijacked a cargo ship.
The pirates say they will kill the crew and set
fire to the ship if they don’t get $ 5 million from
the owners.
This morning an American warship caught the
pirates’ mother ship and arrested seven men
on board. The US warship is now standing off
from the hijacked cargo ship. The navy is ready
to attack.
 Possible actions ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Pay the ransom money. Will get quick release of May encourage more piracy.
vessel & crew.

Do not pay the ransom.

Offer less money.

Wait and do nothing.

Sink the cargo ship.

Attack the pirates.

Punish the arrested men.

Offer to exchange the

arrested men for the ship.

C What do you think is the best way out? Explain your idea.
Reading

7 a) Look at the pictures, describe them and discuss with your partner what you will do in
such situation.

1 2 3

4 5 6
b) Discuss with your partner.

When the ship is

hijacked I should …

Reading
8 Check the meaning of the word combinations in the bold type.

Behave as follow when hijacker or terrorist came on board the ship:

Keep calm and advise all officers and members of crew to keep calm. Do not try to
resist armed terrorists unless as a last resort in a clear life threatening situation.
Ensure the safety of the ship.
Activate the ship security alert system.
Broadcast a distress message, if possible.
Offer reasonable co-operation. Terrorists are very nervous and aggressive at the
incident. Calm behavior of the master and officers may mitigate the strain of terrorists.
There is danger that a terrorist gets excited. Among the terrorist there exists who has
abnormal character, and seeking an excuse for murder. This excuse is intentionally built up by
misunderstanding. Abuse of a special privilege or aggression should not be returned.
Hijackers are unlikely to understand how a particular ship works, its capabilities and
limitations and may be suspicious about routing operations. They need be relieved through
trust of ship’s personnel who respond without deception.
Try to establish what group of terrorists is involved as early as possible.
Try to increase the number of access point to the vessel. Without risk.
Without suggesting what they may be, seek to establish the hijackers’ demands and
what deadlines have been set for meeting them.
Assume that the incident will be prolonged. The longer incident drags on, the more
likely they are to end without injury to the hostages.
Recognize that hostages will feet isolated during the incident, as they will be unaware of
steps being taken by the company and/or government authorities on their behalf. This can lead
to antagonism against the authorities and sympathy for the terrorists. Every effort will be
being made to end the incident with the utmost emphasis on the preservation of life and
personal safety of all innocent parties involved.
Understand that establishment of a reasonably rapport between hostages and captors
are likely to reduce the chances of the terrorists acting violently against their hostages.
Be aware that at some stage in the incident a confrontation between the terrorists and
outside authorities may occur. Before this confrontation, an opportunity may arise or may be
created to pass information bout the hijackers, such as their number, descriptions, sex, how
they are armed, how they deploy themselves, how they communicate with each other, their
cause, nationality, language(s) spoken and understand, their standard of competence and their
level of vigilance, and whether any of the hostages have been separately unidentified as to
nationality, religion or occupation (e.g. forces personnel).
 Wherever and whenever possible, the hijackers should be encouraged to surrender
peacefully and should be discouraged from mistreating either passengers or crew.

9 Read the text and mark the most important, in your opinion, rules.

10 Correct the mistakes made by the ordinary seaman.

Crew must show that Crew must decrease the

they worry. number of access points as
quickly as possible.
It’s forbidden to broadcast a Crew should know that the longer
distress message. incident lasts the more likely the
hostages will be killed.

You should know that there’s no

conflict between the hijackers and
authorities.

11 Match the beginnings to the endings.

In the event or in anticipation of military action:

1. Do not react a. then freeze immediately.

2. Do not attract b. of the military assault force.

3. If shooting, or the loud command c. attention to any unusual activity.

“GET DOWN”, is heard

4. Do not move d. immediately lie face down, cover ears, close

eyes and slightly open mouth.

5. If the loud command “STAND e. inform a member of the military assault force
STELL” is heard, as soon as possible.

6. If the location of terrorist bombs or f. to strangely dressed newcomers.

weapons is known,
7. Do not take photographs g. until an “all clear” is given.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12 a) Study and complete the poster.
1 Review threat characteristics.
2. Set full speed up wind.
3. Raise Ship’s alarm.
4. Heightened readiness – engines, power supply and steering gear.
5. Limit access to key compartments and equipment.
6. Darken ship.
7. Consider ship’s size, speed, freeboard, access points.
8. Consider route, weather, navigation.
9. Drill the crew.
10. If using citadel, make sure entire crew is inside.
11. Alert the company and authorities.
12. ZigZag to force pirates to cross stern wave.
13. Maintain communication with authorities.
14. Send distress call and ensure AIS is ‘on’.
15. Go to safe muster point – offer no resistance.
16. Consider defensive measures.
17. Intensify watchkeeping, extra security personnel.
18. Evaluate crew size, experience and training level.
19. Have self defence measures ready.
20. Keep your head down in case of shots fired.
21. Have search lights ready.
22. Develop emergency communication plan.
23. Review latest advice on Safe Master Points/ Citadels.
24. Treat every contact with suspicion.

b) Discuss with your partner:

 Are the given recommendations effective? Have you ever followed them?
 Did you have any accidents connected with pirates?
 Who will be responsible for injuries and cargo loss?

Project work.
14 Prepare a poster about anti-piracy measures.

Viewing
15 In pairs, complete the list:

The most important

to protect the vessel and the crew from the pirates is:






16 a) In groups (group A – video 1, group B – video 2), watch the video and answer the
question:

Did the pirates hijack the vessel?

b) Discuss: Why did the pirates hijack/ didn’t hijack the vessel?
17 a) In groups, watch the video once more and complete your column of the table.

b) Find the partner from another group and complete the table.

Group 1 Group 2

Actions of crewmembers
Speaking
18 In groups, make a list of advice as for safety measures in case of pirate attack.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 Topic 4
Anti-Stowaway Techniques

Starter
a) Look at the pictures and answer the questions:

What is in common?

What is the difference?

1 2 3 4

b) Discuss:
1.Why do people stow away on ships?
2.How and when do stowaways get on board ships?
3.Where can they hide? Add at least three more places to this list: under pumps, in storage
areas, in the hawse-pipe, in rudder housing …

Reading
1 a) Read the text and write the title to the text.

b) Fill in the gaps.

compartment/ refrain/ inspect/ deviation/ pertaining

______________________________________________

When a stowaway is found, the master should immediately 1) _________ this person. In order
to identify this person, the ship shall collect as much document as possible 2) _________ to him such
as passport, seamen’s not, ID card, physical check record, letters.

In general, a stowaway denies his possession of document, and uses a false name and false
nationality. However, in many cases, the stowaways hold their identity paper in secret, near the 3)
__________ where they were found. Therefore, the ship should perform a systematic search of
document.
 Most important action at finding of stowaway is to report to the company, immediately, of this
fact together with all information available. Also report to the authority and agent where the stowaway
came onboard, and to the same of next port.

4) __________ from raising uproar for the stowaway, but give him a room and meal. During
navigation along coastal water and in port, keep him in calm in locked room, and avoids unnecessary
contact of crewmember with him, until further instruction is issued.

In general, ship’s 5) __________ just for disembarkation of the stowaway is not permitted in the
charter party. He shall be disembarked only after approval of the company.

Speaking
2 Make notes and inform your partner about the actions responding to stowaway cases.

 First of all the master should

immediately inspect the stowaway.


Reading
3 Read the text and answer the questions:

– When did the stowaways get on board?

– Where did they hide?

When we arrived in Port Sudan I ordered the crew to unload

the cargo. However, very soon a man from the port office came
aboard and told me that I had to hire local dockers. “It’s the
rules,” he said. So I ordered the crew to stand down and the
dockers did the work.
The local men were good. They knew where to attach the
slings and how to use the ship’s derricks safely. But they were slower than my crew and took
three days to unload. So when we finally left Port Sudan and headed for the United States, we
were behind schedule.
 On the second day out, the steward found three stowaways hiding in a container. They
didn’t speak English but we understood that they wanted to get to America. There was no bed,
toilet, food or water in their container so I think they were glad the steward found them.
When we arrived in New Orleans I handed the men over to the immigration authorities
who took them back to Sudan under guard. The authorities fined the shipping company and
made it pay all the costs of repatriation. Each stowaway cost company $45, 000.
The company blamed me, saying that I did not search the vessel before we left Port
Sudan. They were right. However, a search takes a long time and the company always says
that delays are expensive. Sometimes, whatever you do is wrong.

4 Complete the sentences with words and phrases from the text.
1. The captain paid local stevedores to unload the cargo.
2. They were not permitted to unload so I told the crew to ____________.
3. The stevedores were able to operate the _____________ correctly.
4. Loading finished ___________ schedule.
5. The stowaways were uncomfortable because the container had ______________.
6. _______________ repatriated the stowaways.
7. The company paid $45, 000 for ______________.
8. The men were able to stow away because I ______________ before leaving.
9. A search of a ship causes a delay and delays _____________.

Speaking
5 Discuss.
 Why should the ship’s master, the ship’s owner and the local agent each pay a fine
when a stowaway is caught?
 Why should crew-members not become friendly with a stowaway?

6 Read about two situations. In groups of four, discuss which is the best thing to do from the
options a-c and explain your choice. Are there any other options?

1 Your ship docks in a country where there is a civil war going on. Later, when you are
underway, a crew member sees a man in the hold among the containers. He looks dangerous.

Options: a Ignore the man and say nothing to the

 authorities.
b Return to the last port of call and send for the police.
c Issue weapons to the crew and catch the man.

2 You find a woman and a child in your ship’s hold. The woman tells a terrible story of
hunger and war. Many of the crew are sympathetic and want to help.

Options: a Give them a boat, money and food and cast them
off.
b Return them to their home.
c Hand them over to the authorities at the next port of call.

7 Read the case and find who is to blame.

o Master
o Officers
o Stowaways
o Police

8 Complete the case. What should the crewmembers do according to IMO guidelines
with regard to stowaways found on board a vessel?
9
Befriending stowaways

A recent incident at Durban, South Africa, involving stowaways

allegedly forced off a vessel in the harbour has received worldwide
coverage.
The facts are that seven stowaways hid onboard a vessel while
she was at Mombasa and then made themselves known to the crew
after the vessel had sailed from that port. The vessel was on route to
Durban.

When the stowaways were found the crew

__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 However, the master failed to notify the owners of their presence on the vessel. The
crew then broke the cardinal rule in these cases in that they allowed the stowaways to befriend
them.
When the vessel arrived in Durban, the stowaways were not declared to the port
authorities and the crew agreed to allow them to sneak off since the vessel was not heading
towards what they would term a favourable destination. The crew listened to the stowaways
rather than following the proper guidelines. In order to avoid detection by port security
personnel on the quayside, the stowaways climbed off the vessel by way of a rope, fixed to
the offshore side of the vessel and dropped down into Durban harbour, where they would
swim to a more remote quayside, no doubt in search of the next vessel to stowaway on.
However, the plan went wrong and two of the seven stowaways drowned. The five
surviving men made it to the quayside where they then alleged that they had been forced off
the ship. The police were called in and the master and three crew members were arrested.
The stowaways turned on the crew members whom they had befriended on the way to
Durban in order to get off the vessel. These crew members were arrested and charged with
murder, among other offences. This charge was subsequently dropped to culpable homicide.
The crew members subsequently agreed a plea bargain. They were in a foreign country
and were miles from home: they had no idea what would happen; they were frightened and
scared. No doubt various people had told them grim stories about South African prisons. They
missed their families and their support bases; and English was not their first language. They
found themselves in a very difficult situation.
9 Discuss.
1.Why did the accident happen?
2.Who is responsible for the incident?
3.How was it possible to avoid it?

10 Debate!
Stowaways suffered a lot that’s why seamen should always protect them.
Word List
Module 4
Ship Security Techniques
Ship Security Plan
amendment изменение, редакция зміна, редакція
assault нападение напад
bogus фальшивый фальшивий
collate сопоставлять, сравнивать зіставляти, порівнювати
combat бороться боротися
comprehensive полный, обширный повний, великий
contracting договаривающийся той, який домовляється
converse разговаривать розмовляти
detect обнаруживать виявляти
determine определять визначати
enhance увеличивать збільшувати
ensure обеспечивать забезпечувати
entrust поручать доручати
evaluate оценивать оцінювати
hostage заложник заручник
implement осуществлять здійснювати
intruder постороннее лицо стороння особа
mandatory обязательный обов'язковий
promulgate распространять поширювати
provision статья (договора) стаття (договору)
rectify исправлять, улучшать виправляти, покращувати
retreat уходить уходити
rocket flare сигнальная ракета сигнальна ракета
stipulate оговаривать, передбачати
предусматривать
submission предоставление надання
threat угроза загроза
vulnerability уязвимость, слабое место вразливість, слабке місце

Duties and Responsibilities of Ship Security Officer

acknowledge подтверждать підтверджувати
assessment оценка оцінка
assign назначать призначати
consistency слаженность, системность злагодженість, системність
decline отказываться відмовлятися
enhance увеличивать, усиливать збільшувати, посилювати
integrity сохранность цілісність
issue издать, выпустить видати
modification изменение зміна
patrol патруль патруль
postpone откладывать відкладати
ramp сходня, трап трап
roving бродяжничество бродяжництво
survey инспектирование, осмотр інспектування, огляд
tamper портить псувати
verification проверка перевірка
Anti-Piracy Techniques
attack нападение напад
captor захватчик загарбник
dazzle ослеплять засліплювати
deploy задействовать задіяти
effort усилие зусилля
hijack нападать с целью грабежа, нападати з метою
похищать груз пограбування, викрадати
вантаж
mitigate уменьшить зменшити
strain напряжение напруга
vigilant бдительный, внимательный уважний
violence насилие насильство

Anti-Stowaway Techniques
pertaining принадлежать належати
refrain воздержаться утриматися
deviation отклонение (от курса) відхилення (від курсу)
declare объявлять оголошувати
sneak off убежать втекти
allege утверждать стверджувати
plea bargain просьба о помощи прохання про допомогу
culpable homicide непредумышленное ненавмисне вбивство
убийство
stowaway безбилетный пассажир пасажир без квитка
 Self-Check Questions

Module 4
Ship Security Techniques
1. Who is responsible for the preparing of Ship Security Plan?
2. Whom is Ship Security Plan approved by?
3. What information does Ship Security Plan contain?
4. How many security levels do you know? What are their characteristics?
5. What are the responsibilities of Ship Security Officer?
6. What should Ship Security Officer do for each security level?
7. What should crewmembers do in case of piracy attack?
8. What should crewmembers do when stowaway is found?
 MODULE 5

ENCLOSED SPACE
AWARENESS
You will be able to:
1. identify types of hazards and precautionary measures for them;
2. identify and name the functions of entry and rescue equipment;
3.describe safe entry procedure.
Essential Competency: Speak about safe entry procedure in terms of its hazards,
precautionary measures, entry and rescue equipment, safe drills.

Topic 1
Enclosed Space Hazards
Starter

a) Look at the pictures and say what is more dangerous the man with the gun or deficiency of
oxygen in enclosed space.

b) Watch the video and answer the questions.

1. Why enclosed space is dangerous for seaman?
2. Do all crewmembers know about danger of enclosed spaces?
3. How many crewmembers die in enclosed spaces every year and why?
4. Have you ever been in enclosed space aboard the vessel?
c) Read the definition of enclosed space and make a list of them aboard the vessel. Mark them
on the scheme of the vessel.
Enclosed or confided space is defined as any space of an enclosed nature where there is a risk
of death or serious injury from hazardous substances or dangerous conditions such as lack of
oxygen. An enclosed space has one or more of the following characteristics:
• limited openings for entry and exit,
• restricted natural ventilation,
• not designed for continuous presence of workers.
Viewing

1 Watch the video and classify hazards.

Reading

2 Read the text and match the paragraphs with the titles.
Hazardous atmosphere,
Engulfment hazard,
Configuration hazard.

A_________________
These hazards are determined by the structure of the enclosed space and devices and
equipment connected to it. Personnel should understand the layout of the space before
entering. Check the ship’s plans if uncertain. No risk assessment (and therefore no permit to
work) can be completed unless the layout of the space is known. Pipework running through a
tank, for example, may present a danger of trip and falling from height. Always be aware of
the layout of an enclosed space before entry.Examples of such hazards include:slicks, wet
surfaces and ladders;very narrow openings that inhibit emergency evacuation; risk of fall
from unguarded heights;complex arrangement of structure making illumination
difficult;objects falling from deckhead openings.
B_________________
It is when the person entering is drowned, suffocated, or trapped by falling material.
Loose, granular material stored in holds or tanks, such as grain, can overcome and suffocate a
person. The loose material can crust or bridge over and break loose under the weight of a
person. Measures must be taken ahead of entering tanks to secure relevant pipelines to prevent
fluids, such as cargo, fuel oil, or ballast water, being inadvertently pumped into the tank while
people are inside. Use Safety tags or signs to ensure pumps and valves are not used.
C_________________
There areseveral examples of this hazard: oxygen depleted or oxygen enriched
presence of toxic gases or liquids, temperature extremes, presence of dust, absence of free
flow of air.
This hazard is the most dangerous. For example toxic and flammable gases and liquids hazard
may stem from product stored in an enclosed space, work performed in an enclosed
space(welding, cutting, brazing, soldering, painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing, sealing,
bonding, melting), the use of a motor or generator in the space,areas next to an enclosed space
corroded pipelines running through the space.
3 In pairs, discuss the questions.
1. What are the examples of the hazard?
2. What are the reasons of the hazard?
3. What are the precautionary measures for this hazard?
4. How do you think which is the most dangerous?

4 Read theinformation from table and decide what the acceptable range of oxygen inside an
enclosed space is.
MAN CAN LIVE:
• 3 weeks without food
• 3 days without water

• only 3 minutes without oxygen!

Normal air contains 21% oxygen.
The health effects and consequences of lack of oxygen in an enclosed space are listed in the
table below. These effects will happen without warning!

% oxygen Effect
23.5% Oxygen enriched atmosphere. Disorientation, breathing problems, vision
19.5% Аbsolute minimum acceptable oxygen level
15–19% Impaired coordination. Decreased ability to work strenuously
12–14% Respiration in creases. Poor judgement
10–12% Respiration increases. Lips blue
8–10% Mental failure. Fainting. Nausea, unconsciousness, vomiting
6–8% 8 min: fatal. 6 min: 50% fatal. 4–5 min: possible recovery
4–6% Coma in 40 seconds. Death in 3 minutes

5 Compare your quesses.

Oxygen deficient atmospheres are the leading cause of fatalities occurring within
confined spaces. Normal atmospheric conditions have an oxygen content of approximately
21%. An oxygen deficient atmosphere is one in which the oxygen content is less than 19.5%.
Lack of adequate ventilation is the primary cause of most hazardous atmospheres within
confined spaces.
 Oxygen within a space may be depleted by a variety of causes; for example
displacement by the introduction of inert gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, or by
the ship’s inert gas or fire fighting systems. Oxygen within a confined space can also be
consumed by corroding metal, the effects of drying paint or other coatings, and combustion or
bacterial activity.

6 Mark the statements as T (True) or F (False). Correct the false ones.

The most dangerous for health is level of oxygen less than 20%.
Oxygen depletion is the most common cause of crewmembers` death.
Oxygen deficiency can be caused by chemical reaction.
Lack of fumigation can be main reason of hazardous atmosphere.

Language Study

7 a) Complete the table.

Word Definition Sentence

deficiency

enriched

engulfment

vapour

depletion

adjecent

8 Complete the text with the words in the box.

adjacent, atmosphere, vapour, ventilation, residues, toxic, engulfment, deficiency

The key hazards associated with confined spaces are: serious risk of fire or explosion;
loss of consciousness from asphyxiation arising from gas, fumes, ____________or lack of
oxygen; drowning arising from increased water level; loss of consciousness arising from an
increase in body temperature; asphyxiation/suffocation arising from free flowing solid (in
another words_______________).
It is important to be aware that confined spaces may be, or have been, subject to
leakage from the _____________space. The risk is that such leakage often remains
undetected because the space is not subject to regular gas measurements and
______________. Spaces adjacent to cargo tanks, like cofferdams and double bottom tanks,
may contain accumulated __________ from previous cargoes and information about these
cargoes is needed to determine proper test methods for the ________________in the adjacent
spaces.
Ventilation should be stopped about 10 minutes before tests are made and not restarted
until the tests are completed. The testing of enclosed space should be carried out in the
following: sequence oxygen ________________or oxygen-enriched atmospheres, flammable
atmospheres, _____________atmospheres when considered necessary.
Reading

9 a) Read the cases and complete the table.

Case What happened and why Type of the hazard Precautionary measures

Case 1
A junior officer died after entering a cargo hold to collect a cargo sample. Despite being
warned by multiple crew members of the dangers prior to entry, the officer entered the hold
and then exited due to “bad air” inside. The officer then re-entered the hold after a mere five
minutes of unforced ventilation. Once inside, he was quickly overcome by gases caused by
the cargo and fell unconscious, losing his grip on the ladder and falling. The alarm was raised
and he was extracted from the hold by ship’s crew using breathing apparatus and taken to
hospital where he unfortunately passed away. No senior officers were aware of his entry to
the hold, and the proper SMS procedures had not been followed.
Case 2
A bulk carrier was discharging a coal cargo in Mobile, Alabama, when a stevedore entered the
hold via an ‘Australian ladder’. The bottom of the ladder compartment was blocked by coal
and it was later determined that the oxygen level was well below normal. The stevedore died.
A crewmember, using only basic equipment, was lucky to escape with his own life after he
had courageously, but recklessly, entered the area in the hope of helping the stevedore. It was
later determined that the stevedore had fallen and broken his neck as a result of losing
consciousness.
Case 3
This accident occurred when the stevedores began to enter the fully laden hold, just after the
hatches were opened. One of the stevedores slipped and fell into a gap between the logs.
Seeing the fall, three other stevedores attempted to rescue him but also became trapped in the
log cargo. All four stevedores were brought out from the narrow spaces within the stow,
which were 4 to 5m deep, only with great difficulty and with the assistance of shore fire-
fighters. All suffered a lack of oxygen and were brought up unconscious almost one hour after
the fall and tragically declared dead on arrival at the local hospital.
Case 4
An ordinary seaman lost his life while working in a fuel oil tank. After an inspection of the
fuel tank, the ship’s bosun was instructed to secure the tank lid. The chief officer also
instructed him to renew the gaskets of the manhole cover. To facilitate proper tightening of
the tank lid with the renewed gasket, the bosun cleaned the contact surfaces of the manhole
and lid. As a result, some debris collected on the upper access ladder platform immediately
underneath the manhole, some two metresbelow the deck. The bosun sent the seaman to
collect the debris; the rating went down to the platform and requested a brush and dustpan be
lowered so that he could sweep it clean. While an able seaman was sent to fetch the cleaning
gear, the bosun observed that the man inside the tank appeared to be kneeling, but assumed
that this was to help clean the platform. A few minutes later, the bosun called out to the man
and lowered the cleaning gear on a rope. The man rose from the kneeling position, with his
hands raised above his head to collect the equipment being lowered. At this point he either
suffered a blackout or lost balance, and he fell backwards 12m down to the tank bottom. The
platform had guard rails on only two of its sides, and the unprotected side happened to be the
one behind the victim.

b) Compare with your partner.

Writing

10 Write the memo ENCLOSED SPACE HAZARDS.

Speaking

11 In groups, conduct the meeting (conference) of IMO Maritime Safety Committee.

Stage 1
Prepare the questions about enclosed space hazards.
Group A prepares information about dangerous enclosed spaces and high percent of
crewmembers` death.
Group B prepares information about types of hazards.
Stage 2
Choose Instructors from each group to answer the questions.
Stage 3
Ask and answer the questions.
 Topic 2
Entry and Rescue Equipment
Starter

a) Read the cases and decide what the reason of accidents was.
Case 1
The first two experience seamen were overcome while tying off an anchor chain to prevent it
from rattling in the spurling pipe. The third to die was the first rescuer who entered the chain
locker wearing an Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD). Constrained by the device,
he removed its hood. All three men died from lack of oxygen inside the chain locker caused
by the on-going corrosion of its steel structure and anchor chain.
Case 2
The chief officer entered the store to try to rescue the men but was soon forced to leave when
he became short of breath and his vision was affected. The two seamen had been asphyxiated.
The store was next to the ship’s forward cargo hold containing steel turnings. To allow for the
drainage of sea water and the removal of cargo residue, a section of the cargo vent trunk on
either side of the cargo ventilation fan motor, located in the store, had been cut. This allowed
a path for air from the self-heating cargo to enter the store. When tested later,using an oxygen
content meter, the air in the cargo hold was found to contain only 6% oxygen.

b) Underline the equipment which was mentioned. Name its function.

Reading
1 Skim the text and tick the key sentence of the text.
Ships should be equipped only with monitor devices that can be calibrated.
Never trust your own senses to determine whether the air in an enclosed space is safe.
The safety management system should require the atmosphere to be tested and found
safe before entry – this can only be conducted if equipment is available onboard.
Oxygen monitors must always be used to check the atmosphere in naturally ventilated
enclosed spaces.
A combustible gas meter indicates flammability in percentage terms, within a safety range of
0–10% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). It should ideally read 0%. A space with an
atmosphere with more than 1% of the Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) or Lower Explosive
Limit (LEL), on a combustible gas indicator should not be entered.
Toxins are measured in parts per million (ppm). An enclosed space shall be considered
not fit for entry if the alarm concentrations are exceeded. If it is suspected the space contains
toxins then a competent shore chemist should determine whether it is safe for entry.
The oxygen meter should indicate around 20.8% oxygen in the space being
tested.Some gases are lighter than air and will be found around the top of the enclosed space.
Therefore, it is necessary to check all areas (top, middle and bottom) of an enclosed space
with properly calibrated testing instruments to determine which gases are present.
When a Draeger tube or equivalent is used for detecting toxic gases, the sampling gas
should have sufficient time to pass through the sampling hose.
As a rule, if a manual hand rubber pump is used, approximately four squeezes are
needed for each metre of the sampling hose. If battery driven pumps are used, approximately
10 seconds for each metre of sampling hose should be sufficient.
In spaces of complicated geometry with a high possibility of pockets of atmosphere
with low O2 content, and where rescue operations may be difficult, such as tanks and voids,
the use of a portable oxygen meter with audible alarm is strongly recommended.
A multi-gas meter, capable of simultaneous monitoring of oxygen, combustible gases,
hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide, should preferably be used.
2 Read the text and complete the table.
Equipment Function Situations when it could be
used

3 Read the text again and answer the questions.

1. Why should the atmosphere be tested?
2. What equipment should be used?
3. What are the requirements for the procedure of testing atmosphere?
4. What equipment did you use?

Language Study

4 Label the pictures.

1. 2.
3. 4.

5 a) Watch the video and complete the table.

Personal protective equipment Rescue equipment

b) Write down the functions of the

equipment___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

6 Look at the picture and name the equipment.

7 Complete the Rescue Equipment Check-list.
Rescue equipment should be readily available at the entrance to the space
Two sets of _____________should be brought to the entrance to the space and
tested before anybody enters the space. The test should confirm that the
apparatus is in working order, with fully charged air cylinders.
A ___________ is needed to lift anyone collapsed or injured. Tanks usually
have lightening holes and many standard ___________ will not go through
them. Do check the stretchers you have onboard. Flexible ___________that
have been designed for use in confined spaces are available from manufacturers.
How will you lift a casualty out of an enclosed space? Crew may not be
physically capable of lifting a large person by rope, particularly where this has
to be done over a great height. Conditions can also be very dangerous for the
person being lifted. Ships should consider installing a ___________or similar
system that can be erected over an access hatch for the purpose of rigging a
block for lifting a casualty to deck level. Consider welding lifting pad eyes to
enclosed spaces to facilitate rescue, and carrying out regular inspection.

8 In pairs, play the game Cross and naught.

breathing apparatus oxygen meter manual hand rubber

pump
full face mask rescue tripod emergency escape
breathing device
stretcher draeger tube combustible gas meter

9 Play story-in-a-bag using new vocabulary.

Reading

10 Read the cases and complete the table.

Case № Name of Type of hazard Equipment What happened?

enclosed space
In the first case, an inspector was on board a tank vessel to conduct a Port State Control
Examination. In anticipation of the examination, the crew opened the hatch to the Freefall
Lifeboat to let it air out. As the Inspector entered the lifeboat his gas meter alarmed and he
quickly exited. Upon investigation, it was confirmed with ship’s equipment that Carbon
Monoxide had collected in the lifeboat. Wind conditions had been blowing exhaust from the
main stack into the lifeboat.
In the second instance, while inspecting the #1 deep ballast tank on a deep draft container
ship, an experienced marine inspector was going to climb through a box-like structure formed
by floors and longitudinals in the #1 bay, just aft of the collision bulkhead. The “box” had
only two lightening holes. Prior to entering the first lightening hole the inspector put his 4-gas
meter through. It immediately alarmed for low O2. The inspector exited the ballast tank.
While the ballast tank had been ventilated and was safe, the inspector failed to recognize that
the “box” formed a confined space within a confined space and had not been cleared by the
shipyard competent person.

11 In pairs make a list of safety precautions.

Speaking

12 Look at the pictures and make the story.

13 Discuss

1. Does always the testing equipment help in enclosed space?

2. What should be done before entering enclosed space?

14 Instruct the cadets about entry\rescue equipment.

 Topic 3
Safe Entry Procedure

Entry Permit
Starter

a) Read the case and tick the main mistake of the crewmembers.
The cargo was transported not properly.
Crewmember was not attentive.
Crewmember didn`t ask for permit-to-enter.
Rescuers didn`t help the crewmember.

It was my first voyage as Chief Officer. Two weeks ago after beginning the voyage, a
junior officer died after entering a cargo hold to collect a cargo sample. Despite being warned
by multiple crew members of the dangers prior to entry, the officer entered the hold and then
exited due to “bad air” inside. The officer then re-entered the hold after a mere five minutes of
unforced ventilation. Once inside, he was quickly overcome by gases caused by the cargo and
fell unconscious, losing his grip on the ladder and falling. The alarm was raised and he was
extracted from the hold by ship’s crew using breathing apparatus and taken to hospital where
he unfortunately passed away. No senior officers were aware of his entry to the hold, and the
proper SMS procedures had not been followed.
b) You are Inspectors, find other mistakes of the crew.
Reading
1 Look at the pictures and guess what is text about.
2 a) Read the text and complete the paragraphs with appropriate sentences.
1) Also the person carrying out the specified work should not be the same person as the
authorising officer.
2) It ensures that the level of oxygen, toxic and flammable vapours has been tested before
entry.
3) Until this is done, noperson, visitor or crew member, may enter the enclosed space.
4) Permit details are marked on the tag using permanent ink.
A ________________
At the space to be entered carry out the required testing and other procedures to complete an
‘entry permit for enclosed spaces’, which must then be signed by the responsible officer who
carried out the checks and the team leader of the work team, who must be present to witness
the tests being carried out. The permit, which must be completed in ink and not on the
computer, is finally approved by the master who appends his signature to it.
___________________This permit to work is then posted in a perspex holder for all to see
until revoked, when it is filed. No initial permit should be valid longer than four hours. It can
be extended a further four hours but the space must be re-tested in order for the extension to
be permitted. Permits should not be made for any longer period because, even under proper
ventilation, gas concentrations in a space may change rapidly.
B __________________
After the main permit has been displayed, and prior to entry into any space under that permit,
a local‘enclosed space entry permit’ plastic tag for eachlocation that is covered by the main
permit to work should be made. Each of these tags is then tied on to the entrance of the
permitted spaces whilst the work is carried out. _______________________The tag is filed
with the permit, for at least one year, when the permit expires. Initially the tag is valid for four
hours and can beextended by four more hours if required.
C __________________
Each man on board has a permanent plastic yellow tag and visitor tags are also provided.
Anybody entering an enclosed space must first hang their tag on the board at the entrance of
the space with the entry permit. Only when all tags are removed, including the entry permit,
can the lid/hatch be closed. This procedure may seem time consuming but it is very risk
averse and ensures good safety measures are in place for all enclosed space entries on board
ship. __________________________It ensures continuous monitoring thereafter because
Permits are only issued for four hour periods. With constant monitoring maintained, safety is
enhanced for all personnel.
D __________________
The permit should be relevant and as accurate as possible. It should state the location and
details of the work to be done, the nature and results of any preliminary tests carried out, the
measures undertaken to make the job safe and the safeguards that need to be taken during the
operation.
It should specify the period of its validity (which should not exceed 24 hours) and any time
limits applicable to the work which it authorizes. In should be considered that only the work
specified on the permit should be undertaken. Before signing the permit, the authorising
officer should ensure that all measures specified as necessary have been taken. On completion
of the work, that person should notify the responsible officer and get the permit
cancelled.__________
b) Read the notes of Safety Officer and math the paragraphs with the titles.
Location entry tags
Requirements for permit entry
ID entry tags
Issuing permit
3 Look at the pictures from activ.1 and name the documents.

4 In pairs, answer the questions.

1. What is ID tags?
2 What are the responsibilities of authorising officer?
3. How much time the permit is issued?
4. What are the requirements for permit entry?
5. What is the location of entry tags?

Viewing

5 Watch the video and note the main Entry Permit points.

6 Discuss the questions.

1. Have you ever sign Entry Permit?
2. Did you fill in all Entry Permit Points?
3. Who was the responsible officer on your vessel?
4. Can the crewmember go to enclosed space without sighing Entry Permit? (in real practice)

Language Study

7 Write the synonyms.

notify
authorize
enhance
extend
issue

8 Using the new vocabulary describe the procedure of permit entry.

Reading

9 Look through the Permit to entry and name the sections: Personnel entry, Pre-entry
checks, Breathing apparatus and other equipment, Pre-entry preparation, Completion
of job
General
Location/name of enclosed space
Reason for entry
This permit is valid From: hrs Date
To: hrs date
Section 1 –
(To be checked by the master or nominated responsible person)
space, ventilation YES NO

Has the space been segregated by blanking off YES NO

or isolating all connecting pipelines or valves
and electrical power/equipment?
Has the space been cleaned where necessary?
space, test, safe
Pre-entry atmosphere test readings:
Oxygen %
Hydrocarbon % LFL (Less than 1%)
Toxic gases ppm (Specific gas and PEL)
Have arrangements been made for frequent
atmosphere checks to be made while the space is
occupied and after work breaks?
Have arrangements been made for the space to be
continuously ventilated throughout the period of
occupation and during work breaks?
access, illumination, adequate

Is rescue and resuscitation equipment available

for immediate use by the entrance to the space?
Has a system of communication between all
parties been tested and emergency signals agreed?
Are emergency and evacuation procedures
established and understood by all personnel
involved with the enclosed space entry?
equipment, good working condition, inspect

personnel, cloth, equip

Section 2 –
(To be the checked by the person entering the space or authorized team leader)
I have received instructions or permission YES NO
from the master or nominated responsible
person to enter the enclosed space
Section 1 of this permit has been satisfactorily completed by the master or nominated responsible
person
I have a agreed with and understand the communication procedures
I have agreed on a reporting interval of minutes
Emergency and evacuation procedures have been agreed and are
understood
Section 3 –
(To be checked jointly by the master or nominated responsible person and the person who is to
enter the space)
Those entering the space are familiar with YES NO
the breathing apparatus to be used?
The breathing apparatus has been tested YES NO

The means of communication has been

tested and emergency signals agreed
All personnel entering the space have been
provided with rescue harnesses and, where
practicable, lifelines
Signed upon completion of sections 1, 2 and 3 by:
Master or nominated responsible person Date Time

Responsible person supervising entry Date Time

Person entering the space or authorized Date Time

team leader
Section 4 –
(To be completed by the responsible person supervising entry)
Names Time in Time out

Section 5 –
(To be completed by the responsible person supervising entry)
Job completed Date Time

Space secured against entry Date Time

The officer of the watch has been duly Date Time

informed
Signed upon completion of sections 4 and 5 by:
Responsible person supervising entry Date Time

10 Read the permit again and complete the Section 1 with the questions in proper tense.

Speaking

11 In pairs, answer the questions.

1. Who should complete the Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5?
2. Have you ever done it?
3. When the permit should be completed?
4. What are the main points to be filled in?

12 Describe the main content of the sections 1-5 in 2 sentences.

13 Read the case and complete the text with the sentences.
a) Two of the ship’s crew were standing by to clear away the deck cargo’s protective
tarpaulins as the timber discharge progressed aft.
b) Anyone exposed to such levels will faint almost immediately, followed by convulsions,
coma and respiratory seizure within a few minutes.
c) At this stage of the investigation no reason has been identified for the crew to enter the
forward access compartment to undertake tasks they had been set.
 At approximately 0645 (UTC+1) on 26 May 2014, three crew members on board the
German-flagged general cargo ship Suntis at Goole docks, Humberside, were found
unconscious in the main cargo hold forward access compartment, which was sited in the
vessel’s forecastle. The crew members were recovered from the compartment but, despite
intensive resuscitation efforts by their rescuers, they did not survive.
The vessel was carrying a cargo of sawn timber and, at the time of the accident, shore
stevedores were discharging the timber loaded on top of the forward hatch cover.
___________________________________________________________________________
During this time, the two crewmen entered the forward main hold access compartment. The
chief officer, who was looking for the two crewmen, found the compartment hatch cover open
and shouted down to them before climbing into the space. A third crewman saw the chief
officer enter the compartment. When he looked down the hatch, he saw the chief officer
collapse.
Ambulance paramedics, fire and rescue services and the police subsequently attended.
Despite the best efforts of all involved, none of the three crew who were recovered from the
compartment survived.
With a timber cargo loaded in the hold and the hatch covers closed, access to the
compartment was subject to a permit-to-work and confined space entry procedures. The lid of
the hatch into the compartment had signs indicating the potential dangers (Figure 1).
___________________________________________________________________________

Figure 1
However, it is almost certain that the chief officer and, possibly one of the deceased crew
entered the compartment in an attempt to rescue the other(s).
The Fire and Rescue Service analysis of the atmosphere after the accident showed
normal readings (20.9%) of oxygen content at the access hatch; the readings reduced to 10%
just below main deck level inside the hatch opening and to between 5% and 6% at the bottom
of the ladder into the compartment.Such low levels of oxygen cannot support life.
_____________________
It is likely that the timber cargo caused the deprivation of oxygen in the cargo hold and access
compartments.

14 You are Inspectors, find other mistakes of the crew.

Speaking

15 a) In pairs, make the dialogue between Chief Officer and crewmember who wants to go to
the enclosed space.
Use prompts: permit-to work, testing, deficiency of oxygen, communication, job, permission.
b) Role-play it.
 Entry Procedure
Everyone has the right to refuse to enter a space they consider unsafe. Do not enter an
enclosed space if in doubt, and only do so when the correct procedures have been
followed, even in an emergency. Always use an enclosed space entry permit or a tank
entry permit

Viewing

16 Agree or disagree with the statements.

You can enter the enclosed space without permit if you see there a lying person.
You need to open the enclosed space after ventilation.
Breathing apparatus, lifelines should be ready.
One copy of Entry Permit should be put near the enclosed space.
Two persons should stay near the entry while another person will go to the enclosed
space.
The atmosphere should be tested
Make sure all communications work properly while you are in enclosed space.
If there is no answer from enclosed space the responsible person should go there to
rescue the crewmember.
Testing and donning of breathing apparatus is done by few persons.
There is no time to brief the back-up team, crewmembers need to know everything
from the drills.

17 Watch the video and check your guesses.

18 Instruct the crewmember about the procedure of entering.

Language Study

19 a) Put the stages in proper order.

b) Complete the sentences in Passive Voice.
Number Action
Ventilate
• allow sufficient time for the space to _________________(ventilate) naturally
or mechanically
• guard any openings against accidental and unauthorised entry
• ensure all equipment and personnel _________________ (remove) from the
space
• close the access of the space to prevent unauthorised entry
• close the entry permit
• reinstate any systems as appropriate
• ensure the space ___________________(illuminate)
• wear the right PPE
• continue to ventilate the space
• test the atmosphere at regular intervals
• communicate regularly
• be alert, and leave the space when requested or if you feel ill
 Risk assessment
• document the hazards and necessary safety measures and controls secure the
space
• empty the space if necessary and take steps to prevent the space filling up:
– lock out valves and pumps; and
– place notices forbidding their operation.
– is the space adjacent to other tanks, holds, or pipelines which if not secure
could present a danger?
All parties to discuss the job to be done in the space:
• what are the hazards of the space and how ______they_____________ ?( can,
control)
• what are the hazards of the job and how______they_____________ ?( can,
control)
Test
• test the atmosphere in the space for oxygen content and the presence of
flammable and toxic gases or vapours
• do not enter until the atmosphere________________________(have,
determine) to be safe permit – complete an enclosed space entry permit to work,
confirming that:
• the hazards of the job and of the space_________________( have, deel) with
• the atmosphere in the space is safe and ventilated
• the space __________ adequately _________________(will, illuminate)
• an attendant at the entrance________________________(have, appoint)
• communications have been established between bridge and entry point, and
entry point and entry party
• emergency rescue equipment is available at the entrance and there are
sufficient personnel on board to form a rescue party
• all personnel involved are aware of the task and the hazards, and are
competent in their role

Speaking

20 In pairs, answer the questions.

1. What should be done before the entering the enclosed space?
2. What are the actions of crewmembers during the entry?
3. What should be done after the entry?

21 In pairs prepare report about the main mistakes of crewmembers in enclosed spaces.

Viewing

22 Tick the main victim of enclosed space. Give your reason.

Chief Officer
Master
Bosun, AB, OS
Stevedores
Inspectors

23 Watch the video and state the main victim.

24 Mark the statements as T (True) or F (False). Correct the false ones.

The accident happened during inspection of barge.

The enclosed space was opened during the first day.
The surveyor asked to ventilate the space.
Next morning at 9.55 the surveyor and superintendent discussed the situation
and decided to call the Captain.
The rain started and Superintendent hided from it.
The Captain called to Superintendent and was looking for Surveyor.
The crewmembers tested the atmosphere and it was only 17% of oxygen
The crewmember used breathing apparatus to enter the space and found the
Surveyor.
A 2.40 the crewmembers lifted the body of Surveyor.

25 In pairs, answer the questions.

1. Why did surveyor and superintendent decide to call the Captain?
2. How many hours was the Surveyor in enclosed spaces?
3. How many minutes could he manage to be alive with such level of oxygen?
4. Why didn`t the Surveyor go to the Captain?
5. Why did the first crewmember use helmet?

26 a) In pairs, make the list of wrong actions.

b) Compare with the video.

27 Complete the Enclosed Space Access Log from the case.

Date: Entry permit done

Enclosed space name:

Enclosed space access Responsible Officer:
point:
Purpose of entry:
Name (position) Time in Time out
1

28a) In groups, make the list of precautionary measures.

b) Watch the video and compare.

Speaking

29 In groups, conduct the meeting (conference) of IMO Maritime Safety Committee.

Stage 1
Group A prepares questions about permit to work.
Group B prepares questions about entry procedure.
Stage 2
Choose Instructors from each group to answer the questions.
Stage 3
Ask and answer the questions.

Emergency Rescue Drills

Reading

30 Read the case and tick the sentences from it.

Crewmembers didn`t warn the Captain that will go to enclosed space.
Officer didn`t check the atmosphere.
The atmosphere was checked
The testing equipment was broken.
There were dangerous toxins in the atmosphere.
The worker fell down because of the not sufficient oxygen level.
The enclosed space was opened to ventilate it.
The recovery equipment was not in good condition.

A three-man team of shore workers entered No.2 cargo tank to sweep the remains of a cargo
of stearin (a derivative of crude palm oil) into the cargo pump suction well, to maximise the
cargo discharge. On leaving the tank, one of the workers was fatally injured when he fell 18m
onto the tank top. Although a risk assessment for the sweeping had been carried out by the
ship, no consideration had been given to using a safety harness or fall arrestor despite the
extreme waxy nature of the cargo and the advice in the ship’s safety management system
regarding their use in large spaces.
The supervisor, whose role was to advise the crew on optimal cargo operations, gave
two of the shore workers a short brief on the sweeping task, but no safety briefing or other
information came from the ship’s officers. The atmosphere of the cargo tank was tested
correctly for oxygen levels but the equipment used to test for other gases only reached half
way down the tank. The supercargo noticed that one of the sweepers, who was the subsequent
casualty, needed help to descend the angled ladders. Following the accident, the man was
lifted from the tank by the local emergency services, which declined the use of the ship’s
recovery equipment because of its weight and lack of portability.
The post mortem toxicology report identified that the casualty had prescription and
illegal drugs in his blood which would have caused severe impairment. All the evidence
suggests that the casualty fell from the vertical ladder. His cargo-contaminated gloves could
easily have caused him to lose his hand grip on the slippery surface and his risk of falling
would have been exacerbated by his physical condition. The investigation also found that the
mandatory two-monthly dangerous space casualty recovery drills had not been practisedfor a
considerable time.

31 In pairs, discuss the mistakes of workers.

32 Answer the questions.

1. Who lifted the man? Why?
2. Was the rescue operation conducted properly?

33 Read the text and match the paragraphs with the titles.
Rescue response time goal
Methods of casualty evacuation from an enclosed space
Safety precautions
Evacuation with stretcher
A. ___________________
For a rescue to be efficient the right equipment must be onboard and the crew well
trained in its use. Regular drills should be held to avoid unwelcome surprises during a real
emergency.If the unconscious casualty is in an enclosed space:
• it must be assumed that the atmosphere in the space is unsafe and the rescue team must not
enter unless wearing breathing apparatus
• personnel MUST NOT enter the enclosed space unless they are a trained member of a rescue
team acting upon instruction
•help should be summoned and the master informed
• separate breathing apparatus or resuscitation equipment should be fitted on the casualty as
soon as possible
• the casualty should be moved quickly to the nearest safe area outside the enclosed space,
unless his injuries and the likely time of evacuation make treatment essential before he is
moved.
B. ____________________
The following table provides a guide to response time. This is based on a scenario
where the ship is properly equipped and the crewmembers are well drilled in enclosed space
rescue. Even so, almost an hour elapses before the casualty reaches the ship’s hospital. An ill-
equipped and unprepared team will take substantially longer in recovering the casualty.
time lapse activity duration
0–03 minutes Enclosed space incident occurs and rescue team is called 03 minutes
03–13 minutes Rescue team arrives at the scene 10 minutes
13–23 minutes Rescue team sizes up and prepares to initiate rescue 10 minutes
23–38 minutes Rescue team reaches and rescues the casualty 15 minutes
38–53 minutes Casualty is transported and arrives at the ship’s hospital 15 minutes
C. _________________
Evacuation of casualties from enclosed spaces can be difficult and risky for both
casualty and rescuers. Stretchers are available that are specifically designed for use in
confined spaces where rigid stretchers would not be suitable or might not even reach.
Stretchers are available that roll up and can be stowed away in a backpack. Flexible stretchers
and spine boards like these are ideal for use where a casualty may have to be transported
through lightening holes or around other structures in tank and void space arrangements. A
stretcher is the ideal means of transporting a casualty.
D. ___________________
Where the stretcher is too large, or not available, the other methods can be used. If the
atmosphere and environment are safe, and the casualty has suffered a physical injury, it is
advisable to seek professional medical advice before moving him/her, particularly where it is
suspected that the casualty has a spinal injury.
Forward drag/rescue crawl/neck drag (casualty without hand injury): tie casualty’s
arms securely at both wrists with triangular bandages, kneel astride the casualty, pass your
head between the casualty’s arms, straighten your arms to lift casualty, drag out the casualty
by crawling and pushing your feet.
Forward drag/rescue crawl/neck drag (casualty with hand injuries): pass belt, rope or
triangular bandage under casualty near armpits, kneel astride the casualty, pass the loop over
your head, straighten your arms,drag the casualty forward by crawling and pushing your feet.
Cross-chest method (unconscious casualty with minor injuries): lift the casualty to a
sitting position, sit behind the casualty with both legs apart, cross the casualty’s hands and
place them across his chest, with fingers on shoulders, insert your arm under the casualty’s
armpit and hold the outer arm of casualty,drag out the casualty backwards.
Rescue using a blanket
The casualty may be conscious or unconscious, with or without fracture.
 Collar pull method: employed when methods described earlier cannot be used,
casualty’s head is positioned in direction of exit.
Leg pull method: last resort in very enclosed spaces under life threatening situation, if
casualty’s legs are in direction of exit and casualty cannot be repositioned.

34 In pairs, retell the text using titles.

Language Study

35 Circle the verbs denoting rescue operations only. Give your reason.
Resuscitation unsafe compression casualty arrangement evacuation attendant issue treatment
assessment ventilate alarm authorising officer
36 Complete the table.
Word Synonym or definition Sentence
casualty

resuscitation

attendant

assessment

arrangement

Viewing
37 Watch the video and make memo «Successful Rescue Drills».

Reading
38 Read the text and divide it into paragraphs. Title them.
Rescue is the process of removing a casualty, or potential casualty from a place of
danger, with the least possible risk to the rescuer, to a place of safety where first aid can be
applied and from which evacuation to an appropriate medical facility can be carried out.
There are three rescue levels.
Self-Rescue – When a potential casualty can exit the space without assistance. This is
the safest form of rescue. If you feel unwell, tired, confused or have difficulty doing a simple
job, such as putting a spanner on a nut, are warned by a safety monitor, or become aware that
ventilation has stopped, you must exit the space immediately. If you are the safety
monitor/watcher you have the authority to order someone out of a space if you consider that
person to be at risk. For instance, you may become aware that they seem unco-ordinated or
not behaving or responding to you appropriately, you have the authority to order that person
out of the space. You have no authority to enter the space.
Non-Entry Rescue – Rescue carried out by use of a pole, rope, or other equipment
which enables rescuers to gain hold of the casualty and bring the casualty to the point of
access. This is easier if the casualty wears a recovery harness while working. Non-entry
rescues are safer for the rescuer but rescuers may still be affected by oxygen deficient, toxic
or explosive atmospheres which may leak out of the space and appropriate equipment such as
breathing apparatus should be worn.
Whenever possible, non-entry rescues are preferred to entry rescues.
Non-entry rescues usually require recovery equipment.
 Entry rescue – Requires the entry of one or more rescuers into the space. It is the most
hazardous and challenging. They should only be carried out when absolutely no other
alternative is available.
When making an entry rescue it should be assumed that atmospheric hazards are
present unless positively proven otherwise.
Some 60 percent of confined space deaths and injuries are of persons who have
attempted to perform a rescue without the appropriate equipment or training.
Breathing apparatus should always be worn when conducting an entry rescue.
Emergency escape breathing devices, EEBDs, should not be used by rescuers – EEBDs do not
have sufficient airtime to conduct a rescue and fatalities have occurred when they have been
used as an alternative to breathing apparatus.
The rescuer should also be attached to a safety/retrieval line to allow for recovery
should he or she become incapacitated. If the entry to a space is too small to admit a rescuer
wearing an air tank the rescuer enters the space breathing through the BA mask with a second
person holding the tank. Then the second person passes the tank to the rescuer through the
opening. An airline may also be used.
Entry rescue must be practiced in realistic drills and must include the recovery of an
unconscious person wearing breathing apparatus on a stretcher through a narrow accessway
both vertically and horizontally. Only persons with appropriate knowledge, training,
appropriate equipment properly worn and demonstrated competence in confined space entry
rescue should be permitted to carry out such a rescue.

39 Choose the correct variant.

1) The most common casualties of confined space incidents are:
a) Rescuers
b) Initial casualties
c) Shore-based rescue personnel
2) Your friend collapses in a confined space. You rush in to rescue him. Which is the most
likely outcome:
a) You will rescue your friend
b) Your friend dies because rescuers have to rescue you first
3) When considering entering a confined space to conduct a rescue your first consideration
must be:
a) How much air is in the SCBA cylindre
b) Can the rescue be done without entry
c) How many people you have in the rescue team.
4) Person participating in an entry rescue must be:
a) Anyone nearby so long as their English is good.
b) Only senior officers
c) Only persons with the demonstrated and verified competencies necessary to conduct a
rescue.
5) While conducting a rescue you discover that you cannot get through a small opening while
wearing SCBA. Your options are:
a) Use an airline
b) Get a smaller crewmember to wear the SCBA and enter the space
c) Use an EEBD
d) Remove the tank and while another crew member holds the tank breath through the
facemask, enter the space, have the tank passed through to you then re-don the tank.
Speaking

40 Play a game ``Drill Simulation``.

Part 1. Divide into pairs. Student A is
responsible for conducting the drills. He needs
to give the orders what to do to the crew.
Student B is examiner. He needs to describe the
situation and examine how the drill was
conducted.
Part 2. Debriefing. Both failures and successes
should be identified.

Scenario Sheet 1
From Bridge
How By radio
transmitted
Time Daytime
Location #1 deep ballast tank
Details In port. While inspecting the #1 deep ballast tank two crewmembers didn`t answer.

What to check Instructions given during evacuation

for examiner First aid response (broken leg )

Scenario Sheet 2
From Bridge
How By radio
transmitted
Time Daytime
Location slop tank
Details Crewmember went to work in slop tank without nominated person standing by
attheentrance.
What to check Instructions given during evacuation
for examiner First aid response (crewmember is unconscious)

41 Instruct your partner about correct procedure of rescue drills.

Check Your Competency

Module 5
Enclosed Space Awareness
1.What are the types of hazards?
2. What are the precautionary measures for these hazards?
3. What entry and rescue equipment do you know?
4. What are the functions of them?
5. How to get entry-to permit?
6. What are the main points of Permit-to-entry?
7. What are the steps of safe entry procedure?
8. What are the methods of casualty evacuation from an enclosed space?
 Word List
Module 5
Enclosed Space Awareness

adjacent смежный, примыкающий суміжний, той, що примикає

assessment оценивание оцінювання
attendant сопровождающий супроводжуючий
casualty несчастный случай нещасний випадок
configuration hazard oпасность узкого небезпека вузького простору
пространства из-за разной завдяки різній конфігурації
конфигурации закрытых замкненого простору
помещений
deficiency недостаток відсутність чого-небудь
depleted истощенный виснажений
drag тянуть тянути
engulfment hazard опасность завала небезпека завалу
enriched насыщенный насичений
enry вход вхід
gas meter газовый счетчик газовий лічильник
hazardous atmosphere опасная атмосфера небезпечна атмосфера
manual hand rubber ручной насос ручний насос
pump
oxygen meter счетчик кислорода лічильник кисню
rescue tripod спасательная тренога рятувальна тринога
resuscitation реанимация реанімація
response time время для реакции час для реакціїї
stretcher носилки носилки
vapour испарение випаровування
 References

1. Bridge Procedures Guide / [International Chamber of Shipping]. – 5th ed. – London :

Marisec Publications, 2016. – 136 p
2. IMO Model Course 3.17. Maritime English. – London : International Maritime
Organization. – 2015.
3. Lloyd C. M. In Command: 200 things I wish I’d known before I was captain / C. M. Lloyd.
– Edinburgh : Witherby Seamanship International Ltd., 2008. – 228 p.
4. Logie C. Marlins Study Pack 2 / C. Logie, E. Vivers, A. Nizbet. – Edinburgh : Marlins,
1998.
5. Maritime English-Russian Pictorial-Information Dictionary / [Y. G. Il’nitsky,
I. A. Il’nitska, Y. A. Kulak, V. A. Orlov, V. N. Pliushch, V. F. Khodakovsky]. – Kherson,
2008. – 512 p.
6. Nisbet A. Marlins Study Pack 1 / A. Nizbet, A. W. Kuts, C. Logie. – Edinburgh: Marlins,
1997.
7. Kluijven P. C. The International Maritime Language Programme : An English Course for
students at Maritime Colleges and for on-board training / P. C. Kluijven. – Alkmaar : Alk and
Heijen Publishers, 2007. – 416 p.
8. Symbols and Abbreviations used on Admiralty Paper Charts (Chart 5011) / [The United
Kingdom Hydrographic Office]. – 4th ed. – Taunton, 2008. – 72 p.
9. 21st Century Seamanship – 1st ed. – Edinburgh : Witherby Seamanship International Ltd.,
2015. – 1310 p.
10. Международная конвенция о подготовке и дипломировании моряков и несении
вахты 1978 года (ПДМНВ-78) с поправками (консолидированный текст) = International
Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978
(STCW 1978), as amended (consolidated text). – СПб. : ЦНИИМФ, 2010. – 806 с.
11. Международные правила предупреждения столкновений судов в море, 1972 г.
(МППСС-72) [Текст] : производственно-практическое издание. – Одесса : Фенікс, 2007.
– 92 с.
12. Навигационные пособия Великобритании и США [Текст] : условные обозначения
на адмиралтейских картах и планах. – Одесса : Студия "Негоциант", 2002. – 189 с.
13. Стандартные фразы ИМО для общения на море = IMO Standard Marine Communication
Phrases. – 2-е изд., перераб. – СПб. : ЗАО ЦНИИМФ, 2002. – 376 с.

Electronic resources available from:

www.imo.org
www.moryak.biz
www.key4mate.com
www.deckofficer.ru
www.maritimetraining.pro(computer-based programmes MarEng and MarEngPlus)

Video resources available from:

Seagull Training Video
 IMO CONVENTIONS
AND
NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS

IMO's Standard Marine Communication

Phrases (SMCP) were adopted by the 22nd
Assembly in November 2001 as resolution A.
918(22) IMO Standard Marine
Communication Phrases.
The resolution adopts the Standard Marine
Communication Phrases (SMCP) and
recommends a wide circulation to all
prospective users and all maritime education
authorities.
The IMO SMCP replace the Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary (SMNV) adopted by
IMO in 1977 (and amended in 1985).
The SMNV was developed for use by seafarers, following agreement that a common language
- namely English - should be established for navigational purposes where language difficulties
arise and the IMO SMCP has been developed as a more comprehensive standardized safety
language, taking into account changing conditions in modern seafaring and covering all major
safety-related verbal communication.
The IMO SMCP includes phrases which have been developed to cover the most important
safety-related fields of verbal shore-to-ship (and vice-versa), ship-to-ship and on-board
communications. The aim is to get round the problem of language barriers at sea and avoid
misunderstandings which can cause accidents.
The IMO SMCP builds on a basic knowledge of English and has been drafted in a simplified
version of maritime English. It includes phrases for use in routine situations such as berthing
as well as standard phrases and responses for use in emergency situations.
Under the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping
for Seafarers (STCW), 1978, as amended, the ability to understand and use the SMCP is
required for the certification of officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500
gross tonnage or above.

The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International

Labour Organization convention established in 2006 as the fourth
pillar of international maritime law and embodies "all up-to-date
standards of existing international maritime labour Conventions
and Recommendations, as well as the fundamental principles to
be found in other international labour Conventions".
The convention consists of the sixteen articles containing general provisions as well as the
Code. The Code consists of five Titles in which specific provisions are grouped by standard
(or in Title 5: mode of enforcement):
• Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship;
• Title 2: Conditions of employment;
• Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering;
• Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection;
• Title 5: Compliance and enforcement.
The basic aims of the MLC, 2006, are:
■ to ensure comprehensive worldwide protection of the rights of seafarers (the Convention is
sometimes called the seafarers’ Bill of Rights); and
■ to establish a level playing field for countries and shipowners committed to providing
decent working and living conditions for seafarers, protecting them from unfair competition
on the part of substandard ships.
 Standard Marine Communication
Phrases and Commands
Module 2
Medical Care On Board

Requesting medical assistance Запрос медицинской помощи

1 I require/MV ... requires medical assistance. 1. Мне/теплоходу ... требуется

медицинская помощь
2 What kind of assistance is required? 2. Какой вид помощи
требуется? .1
I require/MV ... requires Мне/теплоходу ...
требуется
~ boat for hospital transfer. ~ шлюпка для перевозки людей в
больницу.
~ radio medical advice. ~ медицинская консультация по
радио.
~ вертолет с врачом (чтобы
забрать человека / людей).

3. I/Mv 3. Я/теплоход ...

~ will/ ~ вышлю /
send вышлет шлюпку.
boat
~ send helicopter with doctor. ~ вышлю / вышлет вертолет с
доктором.
~ send helicopter to pick up ~ вышлю / вышлет вертолет,
person(s). чтобы забрать человека / людей.
~ arrange for radio medical advice on VHP ~ организую/организует
Channel .../ frequency медицинскую консультацию по
радио на канале ... УКВ/частоте
....

4. Boat/helicopter ETA at ... UTC / within ... 4. Ожидаемое время прибытия

hours. шлюпки / вертолета — в ...
UTC / В течение ... часов.
5. Do you have doctor on board? 5.У вас есть врач на борту? .
1 Yes, I have doctor on board. 1 Да, у меня есть врач на борту.

2 No, I have no doctor on .2 Нет, у меня нет врача на

board… борту…

6 . Can you make rendezvous in 6. Вы можете

position ...? встретиться в
точке ... ?
1. Yes, I can make rendezvous in position 1. Да, я могу встретиться в
at ... UTC / within ... hours. точке ... в ... UTC / в течение ...
часов.
2. No, I cannot make rendezvous. . 2. Нет, я не могу встретиться.

7. I/MV ... will send boat/helicopter to 7.Я пошлю / теплоход ... пошлет
transfer doctor. шлюпку / вертолет для передачи
врача.
8. Transfer person(s) to my vessel/to MV ... 8.Передайте человека / людей на
by boat / helicopter. мое судно / на теплоход ...
шлюпкой / вертолетом.
9. Transfer of person(s) not possible. 9.Передача человека / людей
невозможна.
 Навчальний посібник «Watch out» розроблений викладачами кафедри англійської мови
в судноводінні та англійської мови з підготовки морських фахівців за скороченою програмою
для навчання англійської мови за професійним спрямуванням. У посібнику наведено
навчальний матеріал, який сприяє вивченню англійської мови, необхідної для курсантів
морських спеціальностей при проходженні практики на судах у портах і в морі.
Мета навчального посібника – розвиток умінь спілкування на професійні теми з
членами багатонаціональних екіпажів. Призначено для курсантів та студентів вищих
навчальних закладів напряму підготовки «Морський та річковий транспорт».

Навчальне видання

Бобришева Наталя Миколаївна

Кудрявцева Валентина Федорівна
Піндосова Тамара Сергіївна

WATCH OUT

Навчальний посібник
(Англ. мовою)

Відповідальний за випуск І. Ю. Литвиненко

Технічний редактор І.В.Куценко

Підписано до друку 01.09.2017 р.

Формат 60х84/8. Папір офсетний.
Умовн. друк. арк. 25,11.
Наклад 100 примірників.
Замовлення 22/11/11-27.
Друк: ТОВ «ВКФ «СТАР» ЛТД»
Тел../факс: (0552) 46-05-43, 46-05-35

Видавництво
ТОВ «ВКФ «Стар» ЛТД»
тел./факс (0552) 46-05-43
46-05-35

Свідоцтво про внесення суб’єкта видавничої

справи до Державного реєстру