Scribd
Upload
400 views1 page

Igcse Biology 4ed TR Eoc Test Answers 10

ok

Uploaded by

pratham.0.kathuria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
400 views1 page

Igcse Biology 4ed TR Eoc Test Answers 10

ok

Uploaded by

pratham.0.kathuria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

CAMBRIDGE IGCSE™ BIOLOGY: END-OF-CHAPTER TEST ANSWERS

Answers for end-of-chapter 10 test


Question Answer Marks

phagocyte – a white blood cell that ingests and digests bacteria;


lymphocyte – a white blood cell that secretes antibodies;
(pathogen – an organism or virus that causes disease);
antigen – a molecule on the surface of a cell or virus that is recognised as foreign by
white blood cells;
1 antibodies – proteins secreted by lymphocytes in response to the presence of 6
an antigen;
passive immunity – resistance to a pathogen as a result of having antibodies provided
by another organism;
active immunity – resistance to a pathogen as a result of making your own antibodies;
[1] per correct row

2a To kill any microorganisms already present in the broth / glassware before 1


incubation. [1]

The nutrient broth remained clear in the intact flask but became cloudy in the broken
2b flask. [1] This was because the water ‘sealed’ the swan neck of Flask 1, preventing 3
microorganisms from entering the broth. [1] The nutrient broth became cloudy in Flask
2 because microorganisms were able to enter from the air and multiply. [1]

Sterilise the Petri dish and culture medium before use, and pass the inoculating loop
used to transfer bacteria to the medium through a flame. [1] Seal the lid of the Petri
3a dish using adhesive tape and store upside down. [1] After incubation, measure the 4
diameter of the zones of inhibition and calculate the cross-sectional area of the clear
area using the formula πr2. [1] The substance with the largest clear area / substance Q
is the most effective against the bacteria tested. [1]

(Number of bacteria in image (number of bacteria in 1 mm3 broth) = 8)


In 1 mm3 before incubation there was 1 cell. Total number of bacteria in the broth after
3b incubation = 8 × (1 × 104 mm3) = 80 000 [1] 3
This means that 3 divisions must have taken place (23 = 8) [1]
So mean division time 60 ÷ 3 = 20 minutes. [1]

(Size of bacterium in image = 6 mm = 6000 µm)


Size of real object = size of image ÷ magnification [1]
3c Size of bacterium = 6000 ÷ 1500 2
= 4 µm [1]
Please note: the image size for this question might be altered when printed and the
answer may change.

Bacterial cells need only be counted in this study (we do not need to see their
subcellular / internal structures).
3d OR 1
The maximum magnification ability of a light microscope (× 1500) is sufficient to see
bacterial cells. [1]

[Total: 20 marks]

1
Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology © Cambridge University Press 2021

You might also like