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Wjec Gce Mathematics Unit 3 Algebra and Functions B

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74 views

Wjec Gce Mathematics Unit 3 Algebra and Functions B

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ginrosmom1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GCE Mathematics, A2 Unit 3 Pure Mathematics B

Topic 3.2 - Algebra and functions B

The modulus function Graph transformations

The modulus of x is written as |x| and is the absolute value of x, i.e. the positive value of x You need to be able to apply combinations of the following transformations to a given function
whether x itself is positive or negative. Examples: |4| = 4 and |–7| = 7. f (x) and sketch the resulting graphs.

• y = f (x) + a Translation of a units parallel to the y-axis.


Solving algebraic equations using the modulus function
• y = f (x + a) Translation of a units parallel to the x-axis.
|x| = 5 means x = ±5 If a < 0, the translation is in the positive direction of the x-axis.
|y – 2| = 4 means y – 2 = ±4, so y = 6 or y = –2 If a > 0, the translation is in the negative direction of the x-axis.

Consider 2|x – 5| = 6. • y = -f (x) Reflection in the x-axis.

Rearranging gives |x – 5| = 3, leading to x = 8 or x = 2. • y = af (x) One-way stretch by a scale factor a parallel to the y-axis.
1
To solve the following: 4|x| + 2 = 2 Multiply both sides by the denominator |x| + 4 and then • y = f (ax) One-way stretch by a scale factor parallel to the x-axis.
a
|x| + 4 rearrange.
4|x| + 2 = 2|x| + 8
2|x| = 6 Exponential and logarithmic functions
|x| = 3
x = ±3 The domain of the exponential function y = ex is the set of all real numbers, and the function
is a one-to-one function. Therefore, the inverse function of f (x) = ex exists and is given by
To solve the following: |2x – 3| ≥ 7 We need to split the inequality into two f –1(x) = ln x. Both graphs are shown below – each is a reflection of the other in the line y = x.
2x – 3 ≥ 7 or 2x – 3 ≤ – 7 separate inequalities.
2x ≥ 10 or 2x ≤ – 4
x ≥ 5 or x ≤ – 2
y = ex y = ex
Crosses the y-axis at y = 1. y=x
Graphs of modulus functions
x-axis is an asymptote.
The graph of y = | f (x)| is obtained by reflecting any parts of the graph of f (x) below the x-axis in
Domain of f is (–∞, ∞)
the x-axis. 1
Range of f is (0, ∞) y = ln x
y

y = |x + 1| y = lnx 1

Crosses the x-axis at x = 1.


y-axis is an asymptote.
x Domain of f –1 is (0, ∞)
y=x+1 Range of f –1 is (∞, ∞)

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