Sibul, Talavera, Nueva Ecija

National High School

Senior High School Department

"Student's Perception on The Effectiveness of Traditional and

Modern Teaching in The Learning Process"

In Partical Fulfillment in The Requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Submitted by:

Aquino, Brian J.

Delacruz, Denise F.

Dumo, Gian G.

Maramag, Lerma

Marcelo, Alliah M.

Vallarta, Khen Ivan M.

11-Honesty

General Academic Strand

Nonilyn Coloma Sanchez

Practical Research 1-Teacher

April 2024
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminaries Page
Title Page.............................................

Chapter 1. INTRO OF THE PROBLEM AND THE BACKGROUND

Introduction.........................................

Statement of the problem..............................

Purpose
of the study..................................
Review
Related Literature.............................

Theoretical Framework.................................

Conceptual Framework..................................

Hypothesis of the study...............................

Scope
and Delimitation................................

Significance of study.................................
Definition
of Terms...................................

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Preliminaries Page

Chapter 2. METHODS AND PROCEDURE

Research
Design.......................................

Locale of the study...................................

Participants of the study.............................

Research Instrument...................................

Validation of instrument..............................

Validity and reliability of the questionnaire...........

Data
Gathering Procedure..............................

Data
Analysis Technique...............................

Ethical
Considerations................................
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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND IT'S BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Education has always been one of the most important

areas of human civilization since ancient times, because the
development of a country’s education is closely related to its
future development. The traditional teaching method is teacher-
centered to impart book knowledge to students. In ancient times,
traditional teaching methods were more common because teachers
wanted students to learn fixed knowledge and get good scores on
exams.

In the traditional classroom, The teachers are the main

players while students are more listeners. The common ways of
teaching are the use of chalk and talk, visual aids, reporting,
and different activities that lead to teacher-student
interaction. students must obey discipline to ensure a good
learning environment and teachers are the controllers of the
class. With the development of the new era, science and
technology are more developed, and people's thinking is more
active. Students not only want to learn from textbooks but also
are attracted by nnovative knowledge. To improve the quality of
teaching and provide students with a better education, modern
teaching methods are also widely used.

Modern teaching methods pay more attention to improving

students’ values and abilities. In the modern classroom, the
teaching atmosphere is more relaxed, and there are multiple
technology products to assist teaching and the classrooms are
student-centered.

In modern classrooms, teachers will put every knowledge

point within PowerPoint, which leads some students to think they
can just review PPT instead of taking notes to prepare for the
examination, which will lead to the situation that the knowledge
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cannot be remembered deeply in the brain. To avoid the

disadvantages of using hightech teaching, different methods
should be used for different subjects. Some subjects that focus
more on thinking application and deep calculation should be
taught in traditional ways. Traditional lecture-style classes can
help math, physics and other science majors focus on calculation
and comprehension. Multiple pictures, animations, etc., will
disturb the mind's concentration, resulting in a lack of deep
understanding of the knowledge. The two different teaching
methodologies have specific advantages and disadvantages.

According to Manuel Duarte João Pires, traditional

education policies not only put pres-sure on students but also
turn them into testing machines. The essence of education has
changed from educating people into talents to cultivating talents
for examination. In the new educational concept, the purpose of
education is not to test, but to inspire students’ creative
thinking. Modern education emphasizes that the process of
education and teaching is a highly creative process. The basic
goal is to inspire, guide, develop and train students’
creativity. In the research conducted by Bc. Viera Boumová, the
author indicated that both teaching methods can improve students'
knowledge levels, but modern education is more active in
promoting communication and learning moti-vation. However, modern
teaching methods and traditional education methods are not
absolutely good or bad. Although traditional lecture-style
teaching is more boring than high-tech classrooms, it can be more
effective at improving test scores. According to the study
conducted by Guido Schwerdt and Amelie C. Wuppermann,
“Increasing the overall time devoted to lecture style teaching
leads to an increase in test scores when explicitly including the
two problem-solving categories and the other class activities.”.

Inconclusion, the main purpose of this paper is to discuss

and compare the effects of traditional teaching methods and A
Comparative Study on The Effectiveness of Traditional and new
technologies on teaching. People in the future education field
can analyze the benefits and drawbacks of the two methods and
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use different methods on different students.In this way, the
efficiency and quality of teaching can be greatly improved.

Teaching styles have changed in the past few years, the

modern teaching become more used because of the modern
technology. This study will identify the difference between the
Traditional and modern teaching and the effectiveness of the
two.The two teaching methods each have their own advantages and
disadvantages. To compare the effectiveness of traditonal and
modern teaching methods, they are mainly analyzed from three
perspectives: teaching technique(approach); teaching forms, and
bias of focus in learning.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research study aims to investigate student's

perception on the effectiveness of traditional and modern
teaching in the learning process approaches, This study aims to
Investigate the impact of traditional teaching methods versus
modern teaching approaches on student engagement and
comprehension across various academic subjects. identifying
students' attitudes towards traditional and modern teaching
techniques and their perceived effectiveness in fostering
critical thinking skills and real-world application of knowledge.
Additionally, assessing the role of technology integration in
modern teaching methods and its influence on student motivation,
participation, and learning outcomes compared to traditional
classroom instruction.

1. How may the socio-demographic profile on the respondents

interms of

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.4 Number of participants

1.5 Attendance in day

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2. How do students perceive the effectiveness of traditional
teaching methods compared to modern teaching approaches in
facilitating the learning process interms of?

2.1 Traditional teaching methods

2.2 Modern teaching approach

3. To what teaching method do students learn effectivel interms

of?

3.1 Traditional teaching

3.2 Modern techniques

4. What is more effective between traditional and modern teaching

interms of?

4.1 Student's Perspective

4.2 Traditional and Modern techniques

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The primary purpose of this study is to understand the

connection between the traditional and modern teaching. this
study aims to investigate how students perceive the effectiveness
of traditional teaching methods compared to modern teaching
approaches in facilitating the learning process. By exploring
students' perspectives, the study seeks to provide insights into
the strengths and weaknesses of both traditional and modern
teaching methods from the viewpoint of the primary stakeholders
in education: the students themselves. This examination intends
to contribute to the ongoing discourse on educational study by
shedding light on which method most with students and why,
ultimately informing educators and
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policymakers about potential areas for improvement or innovation
in teaching practices.

Overall, the study on "Student's Perception on the

Effectiveness of Traditional and Modern Teaching in the Learning
Process" seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of how
students perceive and experience different teaching
methodologies, with the ultimate goal of informing evidence-based
educational practices that can optimize the learning experience
for students across various academic contexts.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The rapid development of the times has also brought more

advanced educational methods and concepts. Many experts advocate
replacing traditional educational methods with modern educational
methods. The difference between the two educational methods
depends on three aspects: educational method, educational
purpose, and educational focus. This article mainly lists and
compares the advantages and disadvantages of modern education and
traditional education methods by integrating the literature. The
result shows that from a macro perspective, the advantages of
modern educational methods are greater, but teachers should
evaluate and choose which teaching method to use according to the
student's situation, teaching purpose, and potential obstacles.
(Olga Gukalenko, Vladimir Borisenkov, Vasiliy Kuznetsov, Liubov
Panova, Liubov Tkach 2021)

According to Inas Abbad Alessa, Susan Hussein (2023) As

we are living in the 21st century, the era of technology and
scientific development, the teaching process continues to witness
a paradamic shift, from the traditional teaching method to a more
active and student centered approach which is using the modern
teaching methods that are capable of assessing students’ 21st
century skill needs. The study aims to investigate the pros and
cons of both methods, how and when they can be applied by
qualified teachers for more effective teaching,
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and the benefit of students’ academic achievement. To carry out
this aim the researcher designed a questionnaire that has been
distributed to teachers of private and public schools in
Jerusalem. The questionnaire consists of two fields. The first
field contains the demographic variables of the chosen sample
(gender, age, workplace, educational level and teaching
experience. The second field consists of four major parts
evaluating the impact of advantages and disadvantages of both
methods. The study evaluated it by assessing a sample of teachers
(81) from different schools, and the data was analyzed by several
tests such as the SPSS program, Chronbach’s Alpha, an independent
t-test and one-way Anova. The results showed the importance of
using both methods. The advantages of both methods are noticable
and how teachers should use a combination of both methods
emphasizing on the modern methods in order to cope with the era
of 21st century development and the different needs of studends
for better academic achievements.

A good basic education equips children and teenagers with

the skills and knowledge they need to confront everyday obstacles
and to take advantage of the economic and academic development
possibilities. It is also an important engine for poverty
reduction, economic growth, equality of the sexes, and social
development. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted education
system. E-learning or web-based learning became the core method
of teaching the curriculum during the pandemic. In term of
increasing knowledge, practical skill and social competences
tradition methods is best as for the student’s perception. The
students also confirmed that they are became very lazy and online
classes are not very joyful for them. from this article can be
helpful in designing the curriculum for e-learning and try to
make the classes more joyful and interactive for the students.
(Rajdeep Das, Birendra Jhajharia, Vikas Singh, Promod Kumar Das
2022)

Proceedings of the (2022) 5th International Conference on

Humanities Education and Social Sciences. The rapid development
of the times has also brought more advanced educational methods
and concepts. Many experts advocate replacing traditional
educational methods with modern educational methods. The
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difference between the two educational methods depends on three
aspects: educational method, educational purpose, and educational
focus. This article mainly lists and compares the advantages and
disadvantages of modern education and traditional education
methods by integrating the literature. The result shows that from
a macro perspective, the advantages of modern educational methods
are greater, but teachers should evaluate and choose which
teaching method to use according to the student's situation,
teaching purpose, and potential obstacles.

A teaching technique is a tool used to successfully

provide instruction to participants. It is made up of the ideas
and methods of education. Class involvement, demonstration,
recital, memory, case study, presentations, or a mix of these are
common teaching approaches. The choice of teaching technique or
methods to be employed is mostly determined by the material or
skill being taught, and it may also be impacted by the students'
ability and passion. Traditional teaching methods are employed in
most of our country's educational institutions. In this manner,
teachers demonstrate the concept of the lesson using chalk and a
chalkboard, or by using assistance materials such as lessons
printed on paper, power point presentations, case studies.
Debates, field visits, Practical sessions etc. A typical
classroom consists of a normal curriculum presented in person by
a teacher. Standardized examinations are given to pupils at
regular intervals to assess their comprehension. This paradigm
maintains students' time, location, and speed of learning
consistent. This study attempted to investigate the students'
perceptions on traditional learning. A questionnaire was
developed, and around 168 responses were gathered from Mumbai,
Maharashtra. The acquired data was evaluated using the mean,
frequency, percentage, and Standard deviation. According to the
data, students believe that traditional learning is an active
learning approach in which they prefer the Chalk and board
method, practical sessions, and interactive sessions more and
that it is more successful than any other way. It was suggested
that there should be more emphasis on the present scenario in the
curriculum rather than past learnings, that there should be a
good understanding between teacher and student
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for more interactive sessions, that every module concept should
be related to daily life examples, which will make that topic
much easier to understand for all students. (Meghana N Vyas 2022)

Various authors have classified the teaching methods into

different categories such as case study, web-based learning,
individual written report, group project, formal lectures, guest
speakers, action learning, group discussion, individual
presentation, seminars, and video records (Fayolle et al, 2008 &
Lonappan et al 2011). Broadly, teaching methods may be
categorized into two groups, traditional methods (lectures) and
innovative or modern techniques which are mostly based on action
learning. Another categorisation view classifies teaching methods
into active and passive methods (Arasti, 2012). Fosnot (1989)
compares the traditional passive and modern active views of
teaching and explains that the first involves delivering material
in lecture format.

While the second is based on constructivist approach to

learning such as discussion and collaborative learning. In line
with it, Arasti (2012) says passive method are lectures,
discussion and case study methods where as active methods are
simulations, videos, filming, role models, guest speakers,
business plan creation, project works, games, competitions,
setting of real small business ventures, workshops, presentations
and study visits. Different researches highlight that both active
and passive methods are used for cultivating different type of
skills in students. Caprariis, Barman, & Magee (2001) are of the
opinion that lecture method enhances the fact-recalling ability
while discussions are helpful in improving higher level learning
such as comprehension and analysis. The findings of the study
conducted by Perkins & Saris, (2001) and Yoder & Hochevar, (2005)
reveals that team learning and student led discussions are
helpful in cultivating participation, leadership qualities and
self-confidence skills in students. Gbadeyan & Akinyosoye-gbonda
(2010) report that in MBA program, that combines traditional
classroom teaching with online learning, significantly improves
students leaning and skill
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development more than any other method. Despite of the fact that
active learning methods are mostly recommended by researchers due
to their positive outcomes, Qualters (2001) reports quite
interesting findings with respect to the students’ favourable
teaching methods. He reports that the students do not favour
active learning methods due to multiple reasons such as anxiety
of moving from traditional class structure to active learning,
inclass time taken by practical activities, and fear of not
covering course materials. In support of the above-given
findings, Cascado (2000) reports that among the six teaching
methodologies (lecture/discussion, lab work, in-class exercises,
guest speakers, applied projects, and oral presentations), the
students prefer lecture/discussion method the most while lab
work, oral presentations and applied projects are the second
priority. Educause Center for Applied Researcg (ECAR), conducted
a research study to find out the students experiences about the
effective technology usage in classrooms. The findings show that
68% of more than 100,000 students report that most of their
teachers effectively use the technology in classrooms. The study
concludes that institutions and educators must balance strategic
innovation with pedagogical practices and delivery of
institutional services.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The theoretical framework of our study will fall upon

theories such as cognitive load theory, social cognitive theory,
and technology integration. Additionally, we may also incorporate
constructivism; this method will allow us to investigate which
teaching techniques influence students' attitudes, knowledge, and
understanding.

One theoretical framework that could be applied in our

study is “cognitive load theory.” This suggests that the
effectiveness of teaching methods depends on how they manage the
cognitive load placed on students' working memory.
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One relevant theory is the “Expectancy-Value Theory” It
suggests that students' motivation and engagement in learning are
influenced by their expectations of success and the value they
place on the learning task. In the context of traditional versus
modern teaching methods, students' perceptions of effectiveness
may be shaped by their expectations of success and the perceived
value of each approach in helping them achieve their learning
goals.

Another theory is "self-determination “theory” (SDT). It

posits that individuals are motivated to pursue activities; the
context of teaching methods and students' perceptions of
effectiveness may be influenced by how well traditional and
modern approaches support their sense of autonomy (feeling in
control of their learning), competence (feeling capable of
mastering the material), and relatedness (feeling connected to
others in the learning environment).

Another theory “Social Cognitive Theory” This theory

emphasizes the role of observational learning, social
interactions, and self-efficacy beliefs in shaping individuals'
behaviors and attitude.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1.Research Paradigm

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Profile of the
respondents

- Age

- Gender

- Educational level

- Number of Student's Perception on The

participation effectiveness of Traditional
and Modern Teaching in The
- Attendance in class learning process

Process

Data collection

Questioners/survey

Sample size
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HYPOTHESIS
In the line of the identified problem. Our study will be
tested according to this hypothesis.

1.There is a students believe they learn better with modern

teaching technique.

2.There is no difference in students' and teachers perceptions

regarding the effectiveness of traditional and modern teaching
methods in facilitating the learning process.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The scope of our study involves investigating how students

perceive the effectiveness of traditional and modern teaching
methods in facilitating the learning process. It will especially
examine students' attitudes, preferences, and beliefs regarding
different instructional approaches.This study will be conducted
in SNHS.

Significance of the study

The outcome of this study would be convenient to the

following.
Students. This research will be useful to the students because
Traditional Teaching techniques used repetition and memorisation
of information to educate students, and for Modern learning it
encourages students to collaborate and therefore be more
productive.
Teacher. through this study, teachers will know the effective
teaching techniques that are appropriate for this generation.
School Head. The results might educate them many useful methods
that they could use when instructing the pupils.

Researchers. As researchers, it will help us to know what

teaching methods can help the students like us to be more
productive when it comes to learning.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Traditional Teaching - characterized by teacher-centered

instruction, lectures, textbooks, and rote memorization.
Modern Teaching - strategies that incorporate innovative
technologies, active learning techniques, collaborative
activities, and learner-centered approaches aimed at enhancing
student engagement, critical thinking, and problem-solving
skills.
Student Perception - The subjective beliefs, attitudes, and
interpretations that students hold regarding their educational
experiences, including their views on teaching methods, learning
environments, and instructional approaches.
Effectiveness or effectivity - is the capability of producing a
desired result or the ability to produce desired output.
Learning - is a relatively lasting change in behavior that is the
result of experience. It is the acquisition of information,
knowledge, and skills.
Education - The act or process of imparting or acquiring general
knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and
generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for
mature life. the act or process of imparting or acquiring
particular knowledge or skills, as for a profession.
Teaching Methods/ Teaching Methodologies - Is a set of
principles and methods used by teachers to enable student
learning.
Vocabulary - related words and phrases. Marraige, cohabitation &
other relationship

Correlation - refers to the statistical relationship between the

two entities. It measures the extent to which two variables are
linearly related.
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CHAPTER 2

METHODS AND PROCEDURE

This chapter shows the method and procedures will be used in

this study that aims to determine student’s perspective on the
effectiveness of traditional and modern teaching in the learning
process. The discussion and presentations of methods included are
the research design, locale of the study, research instrument,
respondents of the study, data gathering procedure, data analysis
and ethical consideration.

Research Design
This research used a case study to analyze which approach
between traditional teaching and modern teaching is most
advantageous to to the learner. Case studies are analysis of
real-world situations to understand and evaluate past problems
and solutions.
In Traditional Leaning Process becomes more challenging because
it is typical to obtain additional knowledge from books; this
process is time-consuming. While Modern Learning Process Makes
Students More Engaged and Helps Them Retain Information in a easy
way, its also accommodates Multiple Learning Styles and the most
important is prepares Students for the Future.

Locale of the study

The study will be conducted at SIBUL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
located in Talavera, Nueva, Ecija where student like us already
know what is the difference between traditional teaching and
modern techniques.
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Respondent of the study

The participants in this study are SNHS students'. In

obtaining the sample, the research will be applying a non-random
sampling method; the sample will not be based on their grades or
gender a sample size should be atleast 30 participant's to ensure
statistical validity

Research Instrument

The primary research will include a structured survey

distributed to SNHS students' to collect data and examine the
student's perspective on the effectiveness of traditional
teaching and modern techniques and what their stand is between
the two of them.

Part I was design to gather socio-demographic profile about the

student participants' such as age, gender and grade level

Part II of the questionnaire will focus on gauging students'

perceptions of traditional teaching methods, such as lectures,
textbooks, and chalkboard instruction.

Part lll of the questionnaire similarly includes questions to

assess students' perceptions of modern teaching techniques, such
as online learning platforms, multimedia presentations, and
interactive activities.

Part IV of the questionnaire is a comparison question that

directly compares traditional and modern teaching methods.
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Participants can indicate their level of agreement with each
statement by selecting one of the options: "Disagree," "Strongly
Agree" "Agree," or "Strongly Disagree." This structured approach
allows for systematic data collection while providing flexibility
for participants to express their opinions.

Rating Scale Weights Assigned Interpretation

4 3.25 - 4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2.50 - 3.24 Agree

2 1.75 - 2.49 Disagree

1 1.00 - 1.74 Strongly Disagree

Validation of instrument

This study used questionnaire/survey form to identify

the measure needed for the study "Student's perception on the
effectiveness of traditional and modern teaching in the learning
process". This reseach will measure what is the most effective
way between traditional teaching and modern technique. This
reseach instrument only valid for the 30 chosen student enrolled
at SNHS.

Validity and realiability of the questionnaire

For the validity and reability of the questionnaire, it

would be subjected using Cronbach's alpha. The researchers would
try among 30 Students at Sibul National High School, Senior High
department.
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Data Gathering Procedure

Data will be collected through surveys distributed among

the chosen respondents. To gather the needed data, the
researchers secured permission and seek approval from the adviser
of research, as well as from the principal of SNHS. The request
letter intends to inform, and ask permission to conduct the study
in the vicinity of SNHS. Also the researchers administers the
survey questionare their face to face and assist respondents when
they need clarification about the survey.

Data Analysis Technique

In a research study investigating students' perceptions of

the effectiveness of traditional and modern teaching in the
learning process, the researchers used a questionnaire, which
examines correlations among variables without researcher
intervention, to explore associations between teaching methods
and student perceptions. Additionally, qualitative
phenomenological reduction will be employed to develop deeper
into understanding the essential structures and meanings
underlying students' experiences with traditional and modern
teaching methods in the learning process.

Ethical Considerations

The researcher valued the data and information they gathered

from the responded, all data would be kept confidential and used
only for the purpose of the study on academic requirement.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS

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