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Study of Cloud Computing and Its Architecture

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 Recent Trends in Science and Technology- Computer Science (CS) ISBN Number: 978-81-948061-9-6

CS-07. Study of Cloud Computing and Its Architecture

S.V.Katkara, S.K.Kharadeb, K.G.Kharadea, R.K.Kamatc
a
Department of Computer Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India, 416004
b
Department of Mathematics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India, 416004
c
Department of Electronics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India, 416004

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract:

Cloud computing refers to a distributed computing architecture that concentrates server

resources on a scalable platform to offer computing resources and services whenever and
wherever they are required. In the wake of the unprecedented success of the Internet throughout
the past few years, computing resources are now more readily available than ever before. In
this study, we discuss a variety of models, as well as the deployment models made available
by cloud computing. By utilizing cloud computing, businesses can cut costs associated with
infrastructure and maintenance, allowing them to focus on more fundamental aspects of their
operations instead. Sharing resources and successfully and efficiently providing these to
customers is another use that businesses can put the cloud to use for. This research report
investigates those trends in greater depth. In detail, this study paper discusses these models and
the other models provided by the cloud and service providers who offer these kinds of services.
Keywords: Cloud Computing; Cloud Infrastructure; IaaS; PaaS; SaaS.

1. Introduction:
When personal computers were introduced, users were ecstatic at the prospect of having
complete control over their computing resources, even if these resources were underutilized.
Personal computers became more affordable as the semiconductor industry changed and
businesses discarded mainframes. After that, a new problem arose: how to disseminate the data
[1]. Client-server systems were expected to solve this data-sharing problem by providing
centralized data management and processing servers. The initially simple client-server design
evolved into increasingly complicated two-tier, three-tier, and four-tier systems as business
computing needed to be developed and the Internet became more widely utilized. Thus the cost
of complication and management of IT Infrastructure has risen dramatically; in large
enterprises, even the prices of natural software creation are often minor than the expenses of

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software and infrastructure maintenance[2]. Many firms have long wished to put information
technology concerns on the back burner to focus on their core business. Even though the impact
of cloud computing adoption has yet to be observed, many organizations believe it could
provide a viable alternative model for decreasing costs and improving operational efficiency.
Cloud computing has a variety of definitions and interpretations accessible from a range of
sources. Business, as well as technological components, are included in cloud computing [3].

Figure 1. Cloud Providers

Every software application or system component in cloud computing should be a service or an

element of a service. As a result, the new or existing systems architectures may need to be
altered to make them cloud-ready. So, businesses must often undertake large structural changes
to internal IT organizations and proselytize cloud concepts to workers to understand the
benefits of the cloud and enable it for their organization. Which type of cloud is used within a
company can generate internal competition. Different companies are offered cloud computing
services called cloud providers. The following diagram shows the various cloud providers[4].
2. Features of Cloud Computing:
a) Resource Pooling: One of the essential characteristics of cloud computing is the pooling of
resources. Pooling resources means that a cloud service provider can share resources
between multiple customers, each providing different services based on the other.
b) Easy Maintenance: It is one of the best features in the cloud. Servers are easy to maintain,
and downtimes are minimal or sometimes zero.
c) Large Network Access: By using cloud computing, clients can access files, upload and
download any document from anywhere just using a device and the Internet

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Figure 2. Features of Cloud Computing

d) Availability: The cloud's capabilities can be modified peruse and extended a lot. It analyses
the storage usage and allows the user to buy the extra cloud storage id needed for a minimal
amount [5].
e) Security: It is one of the best features of cloud computing. It creates a snapshot of the stored
data so that it may not get lost even if one of the servers gets damaged. The data is stored
within the storage devices, which cannot be hacked or utilized by any other person. The
storage service is quick and reliable.
f) Pay as you go: With cloud computing, users only have to pay for the services or storage
space. You don't have to pay hidden or extra charges. This service is cheap; some space
will be allocated free in most cases[6].
3. Drawbacks of Traditional Client-Server System
a) Traffic Congestion: If all the clients request data from the server simultaneously, the server
can be overloaded. It can lead to network congestion
b) Robustness: As you know, the client-server network is centralized. The entire network will
be disrupted if the primary server fails or is interrupted. Therefore, the client-server network
is not robust.
c) Cost: When establishing a client-server network, the prices of setting up and maintaining
the servers are typically higher than those associated with network operations. The
networks themselves can be quite expensive. As a result, they may not be affordable for
everyone [7].

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 Recent Trends in Science and Technology- Computer Science (CS) ISBN Number: 978-81-948061-9-6

d) Maintenance: The servers will work continuously if they are implemented. Consequently,
it is imperative to give them proper attention. If any problem arises, it must be dealt with
promptly. For this reason, the server should be maintained by a specialized network
manager.
e) Resources: There are some resources on the server that are not available for acquisition.
For example, you cannot edit any information on the client's hard drive or print a document
directly from the web[8].
4. Cloud Architecture
The architecture of cloud computing contains 2 sections i.e. Front-end and Back-end

i) Front End: The front-end section of cloud computing includes various applications and
interfaces necessary for different cloud-based services. This is invented using client-side
apps, like a web browser like Google Chrome or Internet Explorer. Data storage, servers,
virtualization software, and other hardware and software components comprise cloud
infrastructure. It also gives end-users a graphical user interface via which they may do their
jobs[9].
ii) Back-end: It's in charge of keeping track of all the programs that execute the application on
the front end. The resources are necessary for cloud computing services handled by the
back-end. It has many information repository, different security services, servers, various
deployment models, and traffic control techniques[10].

Figure 3. Cloud computing Architecture

Following are some cloud computing components

a) Application: Application is nothing but a software/platform accessed by client.

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b) Storage: This component is useful for storing large amounts of information in the cloud.
e.g. Oracle Cloud Storage
c) Management: Management is primarily helpful in handling all the components like
applications, infrastructure, storage, runtime cloud as well as services. It also takes diverse
security problems which arise in the cloud[11].
d) Internet: By using the Internet the front end section of cloud architecture and back end
section can communicate with each other. It is a communication medium between them.
e) Services: Based on the client's need cloud computing provides various services like
software as a service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a service
(IaaS). Services are the essential component of cloud computing [12].
5. Different Service Models In Cloud Computing
a) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): The term "IaaS" comes from the fact that it is an on-
demand solution that handles all application data, runtime environment, and
middleware. Hardware as a Service is another name for it. The infrastructure as a
service provides businesses with I.T. resources, including a platform for developing
applications, and intranets, securing data, testing tools, and performance monitoring.
Rather than developing their I.T. infrastructure, organizations use third parties to
manage their development process and backup data [13].
Advantages of IaaS

Highly scalable services are provided by it. It is highly dynamic and highly flexible.
Infrastructure as a service is useful when an organization's infrastructure cannot be
disrupted by a failure of a specific component, a loss of the Internet, or if all data
disappears. The cloud architecture's reliance on IaaS reduces the need for on-premises
technologies that are very useful in lowering costs [14].

Figure 4. Infrastructure as a Service

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b) Platform as a Service (PaaS): It offers virtual platforms and tools for developing,
testing, and deploying applications. It gives application, runtime platforms and
deployment tools. PaaS provide infrastructure with Platform.

c)
Figure 5. Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Advantages of PaaS are:

Allows employees to log in and work on applications from anywhere. Rapidly adds capacity
during peak times and scales down as needed. There is no need to spend time setting up or
maintaining the core stack . Accelerates the creation of apps. PaaS providers invest heavily in
security technology and expertise tools for developers to use in their operations, allowing for
the creation of bespoke software[15]

c) Software as a Service (SaaS): It is one of the cloud service models related to software
application. It implements directly through web browser so don't need to download and install
this application.

Figure 6. Software as a service (SaaS)

Advantages of SaaS are:
Software as a service (SaaS) differs from the traditional model because the software
(application) is already installed and configured. SaaS can provide beneficial cost savings since

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it usually resides in a shared or multi-tenant environment, where the hardware and software
license costs are low compared with the traditional model. Usually, SaaS solutions reside in
scalable cloud environments and have integrations with other SaaS offerings. Compared with
the traditional model, you don't have to buy another server or software. With SaaS, the provider
upgrades the solution and becomes available for their customers. SaaS offerings are easy to use
since they already come with baked-in best practices and samples [16].
6. Conclusion:
Computing in the cloud is a relatively recent technological advancement that has the potential
to have a significant influence on the entire world. It offers various benefits to the people who
use it and the businesses that employ it. For instance, one of the advantages it provides to
companies is that it lowers their operating costs by requiring them to spend less money on
upkeep and software upgrades and to concentrate more on the operations of the businesses
themselves. However, there are additional obstacles that need to be conquered by cloud
computing. The technology behind cloud computing has been around ever since companies
began using mainframe computers for distributed computing. The computing method is known
as distributed computing and also goes by the names cluster computing and virtual computing,
among others. The sharing of resources is one of the most significant causes for concern
regarding cloud computing's security. The development of cloud computing is shifting the
focus of information technology and, in the long run, will make utility computing a practical
possibility. However, it offers a wide variety of advantages. Still, there are also many
difficulties in this field, such as automatic resource positioning, energy management, and
information security, which have only attracted the research community's attention.

7. References
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[5] Sunyaev A., Cloud computing. In Internet computing, Springer, Cham. 195 - 236
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