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GsE 188 Lecture 1 (Introduction To Photogrammetry)

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GsE 188 Lecture 1 (Introduction To Photogrammetry)

Uploaded by

Bill Dominique Buljatin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GE 178 Lecture 1:

Introduction to Photogrammetry

Department of Geodetic Engineering (DGE)


Training Center for Applied Geodesy and Photogrammetry (TCAGP)
Outline
I. Definitions
II. History of Photogrammetry
III. Advantages
IV. Background
V. Classifications
A. Method of taking photos
B. Use of photos
VI. Kinds of Aerial Photographs
A. Position of the optical axis
B. Film used
VII. Projections in Photogrammetry
VIII. Applications and Products
DEFINITIONS
Definition

"Photogrammetry is the science, and art, of


determining the size and shape of objects as
a consequence of analyzing images
recorded on film or electronic media."
Definition
• Derived from the Greek words photo
(means light), gramma (means
recording), and metron (means
measurement)
• Art or technology of gathering
reliable information from data
recorded in photography
• Technique of measuring objects (2D
or 3D) from photographs
• Photogrammetry – art, science and technology of
obtaining reliable information about physical objects
and the environment through the process of
recording, measuring and interpreting photographic
images and patterns of recorded radiant
electromagnetic energy and other phenomena
(ASPRS)
• Metric interpretation of image data
• Aerial photographs were the first form of remote
sensing imagery
• Photogrammetry uses wavelength range of 0.3 –
1µm
• Science (or art) of deducing the physical
dimensions of objects from measurements on
photographs
• Mapping the earth or other bodies in the solar
system
• Sometimes used to indirectly measure the
geometry of buildings, dams, archeological
sites using photographs.
• Sometimes the same principles are applied to
digital imagery from satellite-based RS
platforms.
HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
ADVANTAGES OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
BACKGROUND
Background

• Started in Europe during World War II


when the French army used aerial
photos to spy on enemy locations
Background

• Evolved with the developments/


advancements in photographic film,
cameras, aircraft, and measurement/
processing instruments (eg.
Stereoplotters, computers, etc.)
Background

• In the Philippines, it started in 1954


as an alternative to conventional
survey methods and used in large-
scale projects such as forestry and
cadastral surveys
According to the Method of Taking Photos
According to the Use of Photos

CLASSIFICATIONS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Classifications of Photogrammetry

1. According to the method of taking


photos
2. According to the use of photos
According to the method of taking photos

• Horizontal/Terrestrial
Photogrammetry
• Aerial Photogrammetry
• Oblique Photogrammetry
Horizontal/Terrestrial Photogrammetry
• Axis of the camera is horizontal
• Photographs are taken near or at the
surface of the earth using a
phototheodolite
– form of a ground camera which is a
combination of a camera (for taking
pictures) and a theodolite (for control)
• Used in Switzerland for investigating
traffic accidents
Phototheodolite

Wild Phototheodolite (1922)


Aerial Photogrammetry
• Axis of camera is vertical
• Photographs are taken from the air
using various objects/vehicles such
as balloons, kites, helicopters, or
twin-engine airplane (most popular)
Aerial vs Terrestrial Photogrammetry
According to the use of photos

• Monophotogrammetry
• Stereophotogrammetry
Monophotogrammetry

• Involves the use of single


photographs (taken one at a time)
• Known as single-image
photogrammetry
Stereophotogrammetry
• Uses more than one overlapping
photographs known as stereopairs
• Used to recreate a 3-D image/model
from stereopairs using various
instruments (ex. Stereoscope, DPW,
etc.)
According to the position of the optical axis
According to the film used

KINDS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS


Kinds of Aerial Photographs

1. According to position of the optical


axis
2. According to film used
According to position of the optical axis

• Vertical photograph
• Tilted photograph
• Oblique photograph
Vertical photograph
• Optical axis is vertical

negative plane

lens

ground
Tilted photograph
• Optical axis is inclined a little due to
unstable aircraft

negative plane

lens

ground
Oblique photograph
• Optical axis is deliberately tilted
• Shows a wider area, thus covering
more than vertical photos
negative plane

lens
Types of Oblique Photographs
• High Oblique Photograph –
inclination of optical axis is very
great, such that the horizon is seen
on the photo
• Low Oblique Photograph – does not
show the horizon
Low-Oblique Photographs
High-Oblique Photographs
According to film used
• Black-and-white photography – uses a
black-and-white film (panchromatic)
• Color photography – uses a colored film
(natural color or infrared/false color)

Infrared/False color – green is seen as red


– used during the war to seek enemy
hideouts, used to determine deceased
plants with less chlorophyll, and show
distinct boundaries between water and
land
Types of photographs
According to film used
Panchromatic
(Black and White)
Photography Infrared
Photography

Natural Color
Photography
PROJECTIONS IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Projections in Photogrammetry
APPLICATIONS AND PRODUCTS
Applications of Photogrammetry
1. Mapping
2. Geology
3. Archaeology
4. Medicine
5. Architecture
6. Dentistry
7. Structural Engineering
8. Animal Science
9. And many more…
Products of Photogrammetry

Topographic maps

→
Products of Photogrammetry
Stereo Images
Orthophoto
Digital Elevation / Terrain Models
• DEM (digital elevation model) is digital
representation of topographic surface
with the elevation or ground height
above any geodetic datum
• DTM (digital terrain model) is digital
representation of terrain features
including elevation, slope, aspect,
drainage and other terrain attributes.
Usually a DTM is derived from a DEM or
elevation data
Digital Elevation / Terrain Models
Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance
Medical Applications
Biometrics
Biometrics
• Virtual landscapes
•Building façade
rendering
Architectural applications
Extracting shape of live pigs
• The shape of a live pig is an important indicator of
its health and value, for breeding or carcass
quality
• Indicates shape, yield and lean content of different
cuts of meat
• Indicates breeding factors such as useful lifetime,
fertility and leg weakness
• Regular weighing is needed to ensure health, and
regulation of costly food intake
• Most shape assessments are carried out by eye or
hand, and are very subjective
• Weighing is so laborious, and stressful for the
pigs; estimated by eye
Extracting shape of live pigs
Extracting shape of live pigs
Extracting shape of live pigs
Extracting shape of live pigs
• No ground truth measurements for
live pigs
• 3D models were qualitatively good
• RMS value of ±0.6mm
Homework #1
Research on the history of photogrammetry. Submit a
written report in A4 size bond paper. Maximum number
of pages is 10. Submit via UVLE.

Deadline: August 21, 2015

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