Object-Oriented Programming (Lab Exercise)

Spring 2024
Software Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology

Week #4

Objective:
The objective of this lab is to introduce students to the concept of structures in C++ and familiarize them
with their usage. By the end of this lab, students should be able to understand how to define, initialize, and
manipulate structures, as well as use them effectively in your programs.

Introduction to Structures:
In C++, a structure is a user-defined data type that allows you to group together variables of different data
types under a single name. Structures are used to represent a collection of related data items, making it
easier to manage and manipulate complex data structures in your programs.

Key Concepts:

Definition of Structures: Structures are defined using the struct keyword followed by the structure name
and a set of members enclosed in curly braces.

Structure Members: Each variable inside a structure is called a member or field, and they can have
different data types.

Accessing Structure Members: Members of a structure can be accessed using the dot (.)

operator.

Nested Structures: Structures can be nested within other structures, allowing for the representation of
hierarchical data.
Object-Oriented Programming (Lab Exercise)
Spring 2024
Software Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and

Technology

Arrays of Structures: Arrays of structures enable the storage of multiple instances of the same type of
data. You can create arrays of structures to store multiple instances of the same type of data. Each element
of the array is a structure variable. Arrays of structures are useful for managing collections of related data.

Pointers to Structures: Pointers can be used to dynamically access and manipulate structures. Pointers can
be used to access structures dynamically and efficiently. Pointer notation (->) is used to access members of
a structure through a pointer.

Use Cases of Structures:

Structures are commonly used to represent real-world entities such as employees, students, books,
etc. They are useful for organizing and managing data in a structured manner.
Structures facilitate code readability, maintainability, and modularity.

By practicing these concepts through hands-on exercises and challenges, the students will enhance their
problem-solving skills and develop a deeper understanding of how to write efficient and effective C++
code. So, let's get started and embark on this journey to master the art of programming logic!
Object-Oriented Programming (Lab Exercise)
Spring 2024
Software Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and

Technology Exercise:
Q.1) Define a structure named Person with members name and age. Create a variable of this structure type,
initialize it, and display its contents.

Q.2) Define a structure named Rectangle with members length and width. Create a variable of this
structure type, input values for length and width, calculate the area, and display it.

Q3) Define a structure named Number with a single member num. Create two variables of this structure
type, input values for them, swap their values using a function, and display the swapped values.

Q4 Define a structure named Student with members rollNumber, name, age, and marks. Create an array of
3 Student structures, input data for each student, display their details, and find the student with the highest
marks.

Q5) Define a structure named Employee with members employeeID, name, department, and salary. Create
an array of 5 Employee structures, input data for each employee, display their details, and calculate the
average salary of all employees.

Q6) Define a structure named Book with members title, author, genre, and yearOfPublication. Create an
array of 3 Book structures, input data for each book, display their details, and find the book with the earliest
publication year.

Q7) Define a structure named Product with members productName, price, and quantity. Create a variable
of this structure type, input data for the product, calculate the total cost, and display it.
 LAB SESSION:3

Question:1
Define a structure named Person with members name and age. Create a variable of this structure type,
initialize it, and display its contents.

INPUT: OUTPUT:

OU
Question:2

Define a structure named Rectangle with members length and width. Create a variable of this structure
type, input values for length and width, calculate the area, and display it.

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Question:3

Define a structure named Number with a single member num. Create two variables of this structure type,
input values for them, swap their values using a function, and display the swapped values.

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Question:4

Define a structure named Student with members rollNumber, name, age, and marks. Create an array of 3
Student structures, input data for each student, display their details, and find the student with the highest
marks.

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Question:5

Define a structure named Employee with members employeeID, name, department, and salary. Create an
array of 5 Employee structures, input data for each employee, display their details, and calculate the
average salary of all employees.

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Question:6

Define a structure named Book with members title, author, genre, and yearOfPublication. Create an array
of 3 Book structures, input data for each book, display their details, and find the book with the earliest
publication year.

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Question:7

Define a structure named Product with members productName, price, and quantity. Create a variable of
this structure type, input data for the product, calculate the total cost, and display it.

INPUT: OUTPUT: