Evample 9.

1 For the
radial network shown in
lt
fault OCCurs
occurs at F.
F.1Determine the fault current Fig. 9.6, a three-phase
and the line
kV bus under fault conditions, voltage at 11

10MVA G10 MVA

15% reactance
T 12.5% reartame
11kV
Trarfomer No. 1:10 MVA, 10% reactance
Overhead line: 30 km, z= (0.27+j036) Ukm
33kV
Transfomer No. 2:5 MVA, 8% teactance
6.6 kV -

Z=(0.135+j0.08) N/km
3 km cable
SF
Fig.9.6 Radial network for
Example 9.1
Solution Select a system base of 100 MVA.
Voltage bases are: 11kV in generators, 33 kV for overhead line
for cable. and 6.6 kV

Reactance of G -j 0.15x 100 -j1.5 pu

10

Reactance of Go 0.125 x 100j1.25

10 pu
Reactance of T1 =j 0.1x 100 -j1.0 pu
10
Reactance of T2 =j 0.08 x 100 e
5 -jl.6 pu
 Z (in ohms) x MVABase
Overhead lineimpedance
(kVBae
30 x (0.27 +j0.36) x 100
(33)2
- (0.744+ j0.99) pu
3(0.135 +j0.08) x 100
Cable impedance -
(6.62
-(0.93+j0.55) pu
Circuit model of the system for fault calculations is shown in Fig, 97
Since the system is on no load prior to ocurrence of the fault, the voltag
of thetwogenerators are identical(in phase and magnitude) and are equal
to 1 pu. The generator cireuit can thus be replaced by a single voltage
source in series with the
parallel combination of generator reactances as
shown.

140
0 j1.5 -11kV bus
1.0j1.0 (0.744+ j0.99) j1.6 (0.93+ j0.55)
140 j1.25 o 0
T1 Line T2 Cable

5
140 0 0 0 )

Fig.9.7
Total impedance (G1.5 ||j1.25)+(j1.0) + (0.744
+(1.6) + (0.93+j0.55)
+j0.99)
-
1.674 +j4.82 5.1470.8°
pu
10
Isc .1270.8F0.1964-70.8° pu
100x 10
V3 x6.6 -8,750 A

Isc 0.196 8,750-1,715

x
A
 Total impedance between F and 11 kV bus
-(0.93+j0.55) (j1.6) + (0.74 +j0.99)+ j1.0)
+

1.674 +j4.14- 4.43L76.8° pu

Voltage at 11 kV bus 4.43467.8° x 0.196L-70.8°
-

0.884-3° pu -0.88x 11-9.68 kV

Example 9.2 A 25 MVA, 11 kV
Example 9.2 generator with X" 20% is connected
-

hrough transformer,
a line and a transformer to a bus that
supplies three
identical motors as shown in Fig. 9.8. Each motor has X" - 25% and
Y30% on a baseof5 MVA, 6.6 kV. The three-phase ratingof the step-up
transformer is 25 MVA, 11/66 kV with a leakage reactance of 10% and that
of the step-down transformer is 25 MVA, 66/6.6 kV with a leakage reac
tance of 10%. The bus voltage at the motors is 6.6 kV when a three-phase
fault occurs at the point F. For the specified fault, calculate
a) the subtransient current in the fault,
b) the subtransient current in the breaker B,
(c) the momentary current in breaker B, and
(d) the current to be interrupted by breaker B in five cycles.
Given: Reactance of the transmission line = 15% on a base of 25 MVA,
66 kV.
Assume that the system is operating on no load when the fault occurs.

-O
HMotors
Gen 666.6 kV O
11/66kV

Flg.9.8

base of 25 MVA.
Solution Choose a system 11 kV, line voltage base is 66 kV and
For a generator voltage base of
motor voltage base is 6.6 kV.
(a) For each motor
Xan-j0.26xj1.25 pu
are already given on proper
ne, transformers and generator reactances
base values. in Fig.
the system for fault calculations is given
of
The circuit model on no load,
the generator and motor
9 iniially
a . The system being The circuit can therefore be reduced to
that
identical.
duced emfs are 9.9c. Now
or
Hig. 9.9b and then to Fig.
1 * J10 . 5 6 - 4 . 2 2 pu
Isc-3x JI25
 which gives the highest SC MVA may be obvious but in a large systemn
various possible locations must be tried out to
highest SC MVA
obtain the
repeated SC computations. This is illustrated by the examples
requiring
that follow.
and C, each of 10% leakage
Example 9.4 Three 6.6 kV generators A, B are interconnected
reactance and MVA ratings 40, 50 and 26, respectively
current limiting
a tie bar through
electrically, as shown in Fig. 9.16, by

MVAA10 MVA 1 0 % MVA10%

MVA

12% 12%
Tie bar
F

Fig. 9.15

reactors, each of 12% reactance based upon the rating of the machine to
which it is connected. A three-phase feeder is supplied from the bus bar of
generator A at a line voltage of 6.6 kV. Thefeeder has a resistance of 0.06
/phase and an inductive reactance of 0.12 /phase. Estimate the maxi-
mum MVA that can be fed into a symmetrical short circuit at the far end
of the feeder.
Solution Choose as base 50 MVA, 6.6 kV.
Feeder O.06+j0.12)x 50
impedance
(6.6)2
- (0.069+j0.138) pu
Gen A reactance =
0.1 x500.125 pu
40
Gen B reactance -
0.1 pu
50
Gen Creactance =
0.1 x
25
0.2 pu

0.12 x 50
Reactor A reactance =

40
-
0.15 pu
Reactor B reactance-0.12 pu

Reactor Creactance-0.12xD.0.24 25 pu
Assume no loadprefault conditions, i.e. prefault currents are
Postfault currents can then be calculated by the zero.
circuit model of Fig. 9.16a
 jo.125o1 j0.2
Vo-10 z

io.15 0.12 jo.24

(0.069+j0.1 38)
v=1L0°
(a) (b)

Fig. 9.16

to Fig. 9.13d. The circuit is easily reduced to that of Fig

corresponding
9.16b, where
Z- (0.069+j0.138)+j0.125 ||G0.15 +j0.22 |I0.44)
= 0.069+ j0.226 = 0.236L73°

SC MVA = V°]'= v p u (since V° =1 pu)

-x (MVA)ase
50 = 212 MVA
0.236
9.17. Buses 1 and 2 a r e
9.5 Consider the 4-bus system of Fig.
Example a r e rated 11
buses and 3 and 4 a r e load buses. The generatorstransformers
generator 10% each. Both the
with transient reactance of
kV, 100 MVA, reactance of 5%. The reactances
MVA with a leakage
are 11/110 kV, 100 Obtain
110kVare indicated on the figure.
of 100 MVA,
ofthe lines to a base
solution for a three-phase
solid fault on bus 4 (load bus).
the short circuit

T, 11/110kV
j0.15
1T

j0.2 j0.1
jo.1

jo.15
T2 11/110kV
Faut

9.5
Four-bus system of Example
Fig.9.17