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Lecture 16 Work Energy Power 1

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23 views

Lecture 16 Work Energy Power 1

Uploaded by

robertnketsang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WORK ENERGY AND POWER

Learning Outcomes
Students should be able to:
• Calculate work done given the force and the
displacement in unit vectors or in terms of
magnitude and direction.
• State work-energy principle
• Use work-energy principle to solve problems
involving work and energy for both absence of
friction as well as the presence of friction.
WORK ENERGY AND POWER
Work
Force Applied and object moves in the direction of the
force (negative or positive) – work done
Examples
❑ When object lifted up against gravitational force
❑ When object dragged along a rough surface
-Force to drag the object does +ve work
-Frictional force does –ve work
The sign of the work depends on the direction of the
force relative to the displacement
Work is done even if object moves with constant
velocity.
W = Force * Displacement

F W=FS
W  = F S  = MLT −2
L
S = ML2T −2

F sin F Units: 1 kg m2 s-2


=1Nm

= 1 J (Joule)
F cos
S
F cos in direction of motion
W = FS cos = F S Scalar quantity
Conservative and non conservative forces
Conservative forces
❑ work done independent of path taken.
❑ work done on a closed path is zero
Example: gravitational force

Non conservative forces


❑ work done dependent on path
❑ work done on closed path is not equal to zero
Example: Friction
Non conservative forces cause change in mechanical
energy - Later
Power
Rate at which work is done
W
P=
t
Units: 1 kg m2 s-2 s-1
= 1 J s-1
= 1 W (watt)
Example 1
A crane lifts 1000 kg steel beam to a height of 50 m in
70 s.
Calculate the work done and the power.
Work done against gravity - F should be slightly > mg
F = mg = 9 800 N
W = FS = 9800*50
= 490 000 J = 490 kJ
W 490 000
P= = = 7 000 W
t 70
= 7 kW
Example 2
A horizontal force of 5 N is needed to maintain a
velocity of 2 m s-1 for a block of mass 10 kg sliding
over a rough surface.
How much work is done in a minute?
S = ut = 2 x 60 = 120 m
W = F S = 5 x 120 = 600 J
The work is done against friction.
Energy
Ability or capacity of a body to do work
Several forms of energy
❑ Kinetic – virtue of its motion
❑Potential (Gravitational) – virtue of position
❑Chemical – Stored in fuels (coal, petrol, e.t.c.)
❑Nuclear – Conversion from mass to energy
(nuclear fission, fusion)
E = mc2
❑Thermal
❑Electrical
Deal with Mechanical – Kinetic and potential
Work Energy Principle
When work is done on an object, its energy will
change such that the work done on the object is
equal to the change in the energy of the object
Law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be destroyed or created; it can only
be transformed from one form into another, but the
total energy of the system is unchanged
useful output work or energy
Efficiency, =
Total input work or energy

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