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Insecticide, Miticide,
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2023
 PASSION
GROWS
PROGRESS
We share a common passion with growers: to cultivate stronger plants, lasting
beauty and real results. For more than a decade, that passion has been the driving
force behind the Intrinsic® brand fungicide portfolio — the first fungicide solutions
recognized by the EPA for their plant health benefits. It’s why we always push the
scientific envelope and our industry forward. So let’s put down our roots,
watch them grow and together, we’ll be Pioneers of Plant Health.

Always read and follow label directions.

Intrinsic is a registered trademark of BASF.
betterplants.basf.us © 2022 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
 Here
we are again, back for our eighth iteration of the Insecticide,
Miticide, & Fungicide Guide. This industry continues to
demonstrate resilience, perseverance and grit as we ride the
EDITORIAL waves of supply chain and socio-economic challenges. We take great pride in
Chris Beytes
EDITOR this sponsorship and challenge ourselves to gather and elevate the tools and
[email protected] resources year after year.
MANAGING EDITOR Jennifer Zurko There continues to be no shortage of challenges affecting our industry,
RETAIL EDITOR Jennifer Polanz from rising gas prices and inflation to consumer demand. The key difference
SENIOR EDITOR-AT-LARGE Ellen C. Wells is that these challenges are now universally understood throughout our value
SENIOR EDITOR/DIGITAL EDITOR Bill Calkins
chain and seemingly across all industries. We also recognize the fundamental
shift in the perception of plants that has occurred among consumers.
COLUMNISTS
Pre-pandemic, plants were considered a discretionary spend that ebbed and
Stephanie Berkhout, Austin Bryant,
Michael DeBerti, Albert Grimm, flowed with the health of the housing market. In a post-pandemic world, plants
Amy Morris, Art Parkerson, Paul Pilon for many consumers have become a tangible representation of mental health
and wellness. That shift in perspective has put added consumer influence on
CONTRIBUTING WRITERS the value chain with more scrutiny on how a plant is treated before it hits the
Anne-Marie Hardie, Society of American Florists, store.
AmericanHort Navigating these complexities requires strong supplier partnerships. We
recognize that we’re only one part of a growing operation, but we’re dedicated
PRODUCTION MANAGER Kathy Wootton
CREATIVE DIRECTORChris Truesdale to providing the technical resources and expertise needed to navigate many
VIDEO PRODUCER Osvaldo Cuevas unique challenges.
PHOTOGRAPHER Mark Widhalm We continue to innovate unique products like Avelyo® fungicide, which is
COPY EDITOR Sue Olsen a next-generation DMI with no injury to plants. Avelyo fungicide, in rotation
SALES 866.888.4237 with Pageant® and Orkestra® Intrinsic® brand fungicides, offers improved
resistance management for tough-to-control diseases like powdery mildew,
Paul Black
PUBLISHER, SALES MANAGER leaf spots and soilborne diseases.
[email protected] As part of our dedication to sustainable solutions, we’re shifting to targeted
ACCOUNT MANAGER Kim Brown and soft chemistries with favorable safety profiles to beneficial insects.
[email protected] Ventigra® insecticide is our latest example of this approach targeting piercing
Adriana Heikkila
SALES ASSISTANT and sucking insect pests. Nemasys® beneficial nematodes and Velifer® fungal
[email protected] contact insecticide/miticide are two biological solutions that can be used in
Denielle Noe
PUBLISHING ASSISTANT rotation with conventional chemistries to manage resistance issues.
[email protected] Additionally, we previously announced the translation of our pesticide
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING labels to Spanish for the safety and stewardship of our products. We’ve now
[email protected] expanded these efforts to include this very guide, providing Spanish translated
versions going forward in
A Friend Remembered partnership with GrowerTalks.
G. Victor Ball, Editor from 1949 -1997 In this year’s edition,
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On the cover: A gerbera showing yellow streaking on the petals from thrips feeding and there’s a fungus
gnat on one of the petals, as well. Photo by Dr. Emma Lookabaugh.

Disclaimer: These recommendations may not be appropriate for conditions in all states and may not comply with laws and regulations in every
state. These recommendations were current as of July 2022. Individuals who use agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the
intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations
and examine a current product label before purchasing or applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your county Cooperative Extension
Agent or pest control advisor. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services in this publication does not
imply endorsement by Ball Publishing.
Case Study: Young’s Plant Farm

Prevention, PreServAtion And PlAnt HeAltH

For six decades, Young’s Plant Farm has built a reputation for producing healthy, beautiful plants for its customers; learn how
BASF chemistries help them navigate continuous growth and innovation.

In 1961, Gene Young founded Young’s Plant Farm in Auburn, Alabama,

with the vision of innovating and adopting new technologies to ensure
that future generations could always enjoy beautifully grown plants.
Over the last six decades, the space has expanded to three farms in
two states to accommodate customers’ different desires for ornamental “BASF and their chemistries
plants, including annuals, perennials, potted plants and holiday crops.
have been crucial in my success,
As the Director of Horticulture, Tom Costamagna oversees all aspects academically and commercially.”
of growing, including culture, technology and consulting. In his
role, he must also help ensure his team is equipped with the best — tom Costamagna, director of
chemistries possible to address any pest or disease issues that may Horticulture, Young’s Plant Farm
arise throughout the season. They may ship 150-200 truckloads
Tom credits innovative chemistries from BASF as one of the key
of plants in any given week, so there is little room for error. “Having
contributors to both his own success and that of Young’s day-to-day
blemishes or some disease is not really an option,” said Tom. “We
operations. These chemistries include Avelyo® fungicide, a new broad-
have to produce these plants to the best of our capability.”
spectrum DMI technology that is safe to use at every stage of plant
Between damaging insects, fungal pathogens and the extreme production, as well as Orkestra® Intrinsic® brand fungicide and Pageant®
Alabama temperatures, Tom and his team must be ready for anything Intrinsic brand fungicide. Intrinsic brand fungicides from BASF offer
that can negatively impact the health and beauty of their plants, from superior plant protection through a combination of broad-spectrum
the time they’re planted until the moment they arrive at their final disease control and plant health benefits in the form of increased growth
destination. With the help of BASF products and support, Tom and efficiency and better stress tolerance. “BASF and their chemistries
his team have been able to keep up with the intense demands of the have been crucial in my success, academically and commercially,”
ornamental industry and the consumers that buy their plant products. said Tom. “The tools they provide fill gaps [by] controlling a number of
insects and diseases that are not manageable [with] other products.”

Always read and follow label directions.

Learn more at betterplants.basf.us Avelyo, Orkestra, Intrinsic and Pageant are registered trademarks of BASF.
© 2022 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
 M A K E Y O U R R O T A T I O N R E V O LV E
AROUND PLANT SAFETY
Discover a brand new DMI fungicide that delivers long-lasting disease control with exceptional plant safety.
Introducing Avelyo® fungicide, designed to keep plants healthy from every angle. It’s a dynamic addition to
your rotation that is safe to apply at any stage in production.

Avelyo is a registered trademark of BASF. May not be registered for

use in all states. Please check with your local Extension Service.
©2021 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
Always read and follow label directions.
Building Better fungicide Programs
Balanced Plant Protection Solutions
Well-rounded programs rooted with Intrinsic plant health benefits:
let’s cultivate stronger plants, lasting beauty and real results
Botrytis Blight
Orkestra® Intrinsic® brand fungicide (Group 7 + 11)
Decree + Chipco 26019 (Groups 17 + 2)
Palladium (Groups 12 + 9)
Affirm or Daconil (Group 19 or M5)

leaf sPots
(Alternaria, Cercospora, Colletotrichum,
Diplocarpon [black spot], Entomosporium,
Myrothecium, Septoria) spray
Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide (Group 7 + 11) or For foliar diseases
Pageant® Intrinsic brand fungicide (Group 7 + 11)
Avelyo® fungicide (Group 3)
Protect DF or Daconil (Group M3 or M5)
Palladium (Groups 12 + 9) adjuvants
For efficacy boosts &
downy Mildew residue management
Adorn + Subdue Maxx (Groups 43 + 4)
Stature® fungicide (Group 40) or
Orvego® fungicide (Group 40 + 45)
Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide (Group 7 + 11) +
Protect DF (Group M3) Proper diagnosis
Segovis® (Group 49)

Powdery Mildew and rust

Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide (Group 7 + 11) or Contacts
Pageant Intrinsic brand fungicide (Group 7 + 11) Tank mix with solo
Avelyo fungicide (Group 3) systemics/ translaminar
Protect DF or Daconil (Group M3 or M5) products for resistance
Palladium (Groups 12 + 9) management

Sometimes the early stages of disease are overlooked or

misidentified. Here we try to avoid expensive reactive sprays and
calibrate our preventive approaches for better results. Get ahead of
disease with a strong foundation.

E m m A LOOk A bA ug h , P hD
B A S F S e n i o r Te c h n i c a l S pe c i a l i s t
pick your favorite foundation -
add specialists
when you need extra control
root and Crown rots (non-ooMyCete)
(Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Cylindrocladium,
Thielaviopsis = Berkeleyomyces)
Empress® Intrinsic brand fungicide +
Avelyo fungicide (Group 11 + 3)
foundational Medallion® or OHP 6672 or 3336 (Group 12 or 1)
Combinations Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide (Group 7 + 11) or
Pageant Intrinsic brand fungicide (Group 7 + 11)
Pick your favorite
Group 7 + 11
PythiuM root rot
Empress Intrinsic brand fungicide + Segway® O
(Group 11 + 21)
Broad-spectrum Terrazole® (Group 14)
systemics & Aliette [or Areca] + Subdue Maxx® (Group PO7 + 4)
Penetrants
PhytoPhthora diseases
Orvego fungicide (Group 40 + 45) or Stature
fungicide (Group 40)
drench
Empress Intrinsic brand fungicide + Segway® O
For root/crown
(Group 11 + 21)
diseases
Aliette [or Areca] + Subdue Maxx (Group PO7 + 4)
Segovis (Group 49)
targeted specialists
For better control of BaCterial diseases
Botrytis, downy mildew,
Phyton® 27, Camelot® O or Grotto™ (M1)
Pythium & Phytophthora
Triathlon® BA (Group BM 02)
diseases
Junction (Group M1 + M3)

Always read and follow label directions.

Avelyo is a trademark, and Empress, Intrinsic, Orkestra, Orvego, Pageant and Stature are registered trademarks of BASF. Camelot O, Decree and Junction
are registered trademarks of SePRO Corporation. Aliette and Chipco 26019 are registered trademarks of Bayer Environmental Science. Cease is a registered
trademark of BioWorks, Inc. Affirm and Protect are trademarks, and 3336 is a registered trademark of Nufarm Specialty Products. Grotto and OHP 6672 are
trademarks, and Segway O, Terrazole and Triathion are registered trademarks of OHP, Inc. Medallion, Palladium, Segovis and Subdue Maxx are registered
trademarks of Syngenta Professional Products. Phyton 27 is a registered trademark of Phyton Corporation. Adorn is a registered trademark of Valent USA
Corporation. ©2022 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
Chemical Class Chart for Greenhouse Nursery Fungicides
FRAC Group Chemical Group Active Ingredient Common Name Trade Name

MBC - fungicides
1 (MethylBenzimidazole Carbamates)
thiophanate-methyl Banrot*, 3336,  OHP 6672, Spectro 90*, 26/36*

2 dicarboximides iprodione OHP Chipco 26019

Difenoconazole Postiva*
mefentrifluconazole Avelyo
metconazole Tourney
myclobutanil Eagle 20EW
DMI-fungicides
3 (DeMethylation Inhibitors) propiconazole Banner MAXX, Concert II*, Strider
tebuconazole Torque
triadimefon Bayleton
triflumizole Terraguard
triticonazole Trinity, Trinity TR
4 PA – fungicides (PhenylAmides) mefenoxam Subdue GR, Subdue MAXX, Hurricane*

5 amines (“morpholines”) piperalin Pipron

benzovindiflupyr Mural*
boscalid Pageant Intrinsic*
fluropyram Broadform*
SDHI
7 (Succinate dehydrogenase flutolanil ProStar
inhibitors)
fluxapyroxad Orkestra Intrinsic *
isofetamid Astun
Pydiflumetofen Postiva*
AP - fungicides
9 (AnilinoPyrimidines)
cyprodinil Palladium*

azoxystrobin Heritage, Mural*

fluoxastrobin Fame SC
QoI-fungicides Empress Intrinsic, Orkestra Intrinsic*,
11 pyraclostrobin
(Quinone outside Inhibitors) Pageant Intrinsic*
trifloxystrobin Compass
fenamidone FenStop
12 PP-fungicides (PhenylPyrroles) fludioxonil Medallion, Hurricane*, Palladium*, Spirato GHN
AH-fungicides
(AromaticHydrocarbons) pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) Terraclor
14 (chlorophenyls, nitroanilines)
heteroaromatics etridiazole Banrot*, Terrazole, Terrazole CA, Truban
KRI fungicides
17 (KetoReductase Inhibitors)
fenhexamid Decree

19 polyoxins polyoxin - D Affirm WDG

QiI - fungicides
21 (Quinone inside Inhibitors)
cyazofamid Segway O

8 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide

Chemical Class Chart for Greenhouse Nursery Fungicides
FRAC Group Chemical Group Active Ingredient Common Name Trade Name

28 Carbamates propamocarb Banol

CAA-fungicides dimethomorph Stature SC, Orvego*

40 (Carboxylic Acid Amides) mandipropamid Micora
43 benzamides fluopicolide Adorn
QoSI fungicides (Quinone outside
45 Inhibitor, stigmatellin binding type)
ametoctradin Orvego*

OSBPI oxysterol binding protein

49 homologue inhibition
oxathiapiprolin Segovis

50 aryl-phenyl-ketones pyriofenone Seido

P 05 plant extract extract from Reynoutria sachalinensis Regalia

fosetyl-Al Aliette, Areca
P 07 Phosphonates
phosphorous acid, potassium phosphite Alude, Fosphite, Phostrol
Camelot O, CuPro 5000, Cuproxat FL, Junction*, Kalmor,
M1 inorganic (electrophiles) copper salts
Phyton 27, Phyton 35, Grotto
dithiocarbamates and relatives
M3 (electrophiles)
mancozeb Dithane, Fore, Junction*, Protect DF

chloronitriles (phthalonitriles)
M5 (unspecified mechanism)
chlorothalonil Daconil Ultrex, Daconil Weatherstik, Spectro 90*

BM 01 plant extract extract from Swinglea glutinosa Ecoswing

Bacillus amyloliquifaciens (strain D747) Triathlon BA
Bacillus amyloliquifaciens (strain QST 713) Cease
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain F727) Stargus
Pseudomonas chlororaphis (strain AFS009) Zio
Streptomyces griseoviridis Mycostop
Streptomyces lydicus (strain WYEC 108) Actinovate SP
BM 02 microbial
Trichoderma harzianum (strain T-22) Rootshield
Trichoderma harzianum (strain T-22),
Rootshield Plus*
Trichoderma virens (strain G-41)
Trichoderma asperellum (strain ICC 012),
Obtego*
Trichoderma gamsii (strain ICC 080)
Gliocladium virens (strain GL021) SoilGard
Ulocladium oudemansii (strain U3) BotryStop
botanical extract Neem Oil, Triact 70
hydrogen dioxide Zerotol
Not inorganic protectants oil Ultra-Pure Oil, SuffOil-X
Classified
potassium bicarbonate MilStop
quaternary ammonums KleenGrow

* Indicates a product that contains more than one active ingredient in a pre-pack mixture.
Consult label for specific use site where the product will be used on ornamentals since not all products
are registered for both production greenhouses and outdoor nurseries or for use in landscapes.

GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 9

THE INTRINSIC® DIFFERENCE –
Backed by Science, Proven in Production
We share a common passion with growers: to cultivate stronger plants, lasting beauty and real
results. For more than a decade, that passion has been the driving force behind the Intrinsic®
brand fungicide portfolio – Pageant® Intrinsic brand fungicide, Empress® Intrinsic brand
fungicide and Orkestra® Intrinsic brand fungicide. These products, powered by the active
ingredient pyraclostrobin, offer superior plant protection through a combination of broad-
spectrum disease control and plant health benefits in the form of increased growth efficiency and
increased tolerance to stress.

Increased Increased Powerful

Growth Efficiency Tolerance to Plant Stress Disease Control

• Reduces carbon loss • Increases nitric oxide • Inhibits mitrochondrial

• Increases activity of nitrate • Triggers defense mechanisms respiration in fungal cells
reductase (key enzyme for • Reduces ethylene production
nitrogen assimilation in plant cells)
• Increases antioxidative capacity

More energy and nitrogen Improved tolerance to drought, Broad-spectrum control of root,
available for plant growth moisture and mechanical stress crown and foliar diseases
plus ability to recover from
temperature extremes

The Science Behind Plant Health

Plant health effects associated with pyraclostrobin were reactions that convert the energy stored in carbon sources
first observed on agronomic grain crops. Growers reported (think sugars) into the fuel required for fungal growth. Long
seeing increased yields and increased drought tolerance in story short, pyraclostrobin (the active ingredient in Intrinsic
plants that had been treated with certain fungicides. Extensive fungicides) inhibits mitochondrial respiration and as a
laboratory studies in Germany and the United States proved result, the fungus can’t supply the energy it needs to keep
that the active ingredient, pyraclostrobin, improved disease growing— so it dies.
control and plant health through inhibition of mitrochondrial
respiration – in both fungal pathogens AND plants. In plants, it’s a little more complicated. Pyraclostrobin still
inhibits mitochondrial respiration, but because a plant’s
So what does mitrochondrial respiration have to do with primary source of energy comes from sunlight, decreasing
anything? Well in pathogenic fungi, it’s simple. If you respiration can actually have a positive effect on plant
remember anything from high school biology, you might growth. Pyraclostrobin jumpstarts a cascade of positive
recall that the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. metabolic changes in the plant.
Mitochondrial respiration is basically a set of metabolic

10 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide

Intrinsic
(adjective) belonging naturally; essential

This combination of disease control, stress reduction increased tolerance to cold, heat and drought stress. To
and increased growth efficiency is intrinsically tied to see the greatest plant health benefits, apply Intrinsic brand
pyraclostrobin. Not all fungicides are created equal and fungicides regularly throughout production – before stress
Intrinsic brand fungicides provide a difference you can happens. So let’s put down our roots, watch them
see. The Intrinsic difference is backed by science – these grow, and together, we’ll be Pioneers of Plant Health.
were the first fungicide solutions recognized by the EPA
for their plant health benefits. But even more importantly,
Extensive laboratory studies in Germany and the
the Intrinsic difference has been proven in production,
United States proved that the active ingredient
by you, the growers. In greenhouse and nursery crops,
pyraclostrobin improved disease control and
Intrinsic plant health benefits can be seen in the form
plant health through inhibition of mitrochondrial
of superior disease control, improved callus formation,
respiration – in both fungal pathogens AND plants.
increased root density, improved plant quality and

SEE THE The Power to Withstand Stress

INTRINSIC®
BRAND Pageant® Intrinsic Heritage®
Nontreated
brand fungicide WDG fungicide
FUNGICIDE
DIFFERENCE
‘Supra Purple’
Dianthus

Pageant Intrinsic
Nontreated
Learn more about the brand fungicide
plant health benefits
of Intrinsic® brand
fungicides
 THE INTRINSIC® DIFFERENCE –
Start with a Strong Foundation
Benefits Proven Powerful
in Propagation Disease Control
Pageant Intrinsic brand fungicide @ 12 oz Mural® fungicide @ 7 oz Empress® Intrinsic
brand fungicide @ 3 fl oz
23 days after treatment 16 days after treatment

+ Segway® O fungicide
@ 1.5 fl oz Tank Mixed

Prestige Red Poinsettia plants inoculated with

Pythium aphanidermatum
Geranium rooting

Segway O fungicide
@ 3.0 fl oz

6-7 Weeks of Coverage to Transplant

+14 days Prior to
At sticking +14 days
under mist transplant
Chipco® 26019 fungicide
Pageant Intrinsic Pageant Intrinsic Empress® Intrinsic
or Daconil® fungicide or
brand fungicide brand fungicide brand fungicide
Avelyo® fungicide

12 oz 12 oz SLR (Standard Label Rate) 3 fl oz drench

Pageant Intrinsic in propagation

is a total game-changer. For difficult-to-root
cultivars or stressed-out cuttings, spray
Pageant @12 oz right after sticking. Early
protection under mist delivers Intrinsic
benefits for fewer skips and more roots
in the prop house. Always read and follow label directions.

Aveylo, Empress, Intrinsic, Orkestra, and Pageant are registered

– Leah Van der Heide trademarks of BASF. Chipco and Segway are registered trademarks
of OHP, Inc. Daconil, Heritage and Mural are registered trademarks of
BASF Sales Specialist Syngenta Professional Products.
©2022 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
BENEFICIAL NEMATODES
BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL
By Suzanne Wainwright, Buglady Consulting
Beneficial nematodes are microscopic worms that attack and kill many targeted
How to confirm you are
pest insects. Within the infected insect, the beneficial nematodes reproduce and
applying live nematodes
then disperse control.
Take either a petri dish or the
Types of beneficial nematodes and target pests plastic tray the nematodes came
in and set it out in the area where
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Steinernema kraussei nematodes are going to be
• European chafer grub (Rhizotrogus majalis) • Black vine weevil applied. Spray over top of the
• Japanese beetle grub (Popillia japonica) (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) dish and collect the water being
• Oriental beetle grub (Exomala orientalis) applied with the nematodes. You
Steinernema feltiae can then either use a 10X hand
Steinernema carpocapsae • Fungus gnat (Bradysia spp.) lens or place the collection tray
• Armyworm (Noctuidae) • Western flower thrips under a dissecting scope. Look
• Black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) (Frankliniella occidentalis) for nematodes swimming in an
• Cutworms (Noctuidae) • Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) “S” pattern. If you do not see any,
• Shore flies (Ephydridae) there is a problem. If nematodes
are straight and not moving there
is a problem.
Benefits to using beneficial nematodes
• No REI
• Do not have to worry about developing resistance
• Compatible with many pesticides on the market (there are a
You can apply
few that can cause issues so make sure you check the BASF nematodes through the
combability guide) chemigation system for
• No odor ease of application and
• Target life stages that pesticides sometimes cannot kill better coverage.
• Easy biological control agent to get started with
– Scott Dunham
BASF Sr. Sales
Common mistakes Specialist
• Storing nematodes too warm (store at 41°F/5°C)
• Not checking nematode quality before mixing and applying
• Leaving nematodes in spray tank with no agitation and
aeration; they will be drowned and sink over time BASF
Chemical
• Leaving screens in water lines
Compatibility
• Applying over 300 PSI Guide
• Applying in full sun

N em atod e s a re a n a m a z i ng bi o l o g i cal co n tro l

option , b u t i f t h e y a re n o t appl i ed co rrectl y,
g ro w er s w ill n o t se e t h e i r p e s ts co n tro l l ed.

SU Z A N N E WA I N W R I G H T
How to be successful with beneficial nematodes
By Suzanne Wainwright, Buglady Consulting
Commercial beneficial nematodes have been around Entomopathogenic nematodes
for decades now and are part of many standard pest There are many naturally occurring species of insect-
management programs. Even with billions of these tiny killing nematodes in the environment, but only a few are
worms being applied in so many crops, many growers do commercially produced. By far the species Steinernema
not understand how they work and what they really are. feltiae is the most produced (by volume) because of the pests
it targets. Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis
The basics of nematodes bacteriophora are also commercially produced.
In the simplest of terms, nematodes are microscopic, non-
segmented worms. They are the most numerous multicellular But how do these small worms actually kill insects? When
animals on Earth. Just as with any group of organisms there beneficial nematodes are purchased, they are in the infective
are some nematodes that are beneficial, some that are juvenile stage, which is the free-living stage of their life. This
problematic, and some irrelevant to agricultural production. means they can live outside of an insect’s body and are
ready to infect a host. The nematodes will use chemical
The beneficial nematodes (also called entomopathogenic, cues to find their prey, then enter the insect through a natural
which means insect-killing) often refer to the species in opening such as the anus or mouth.
the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. There are
commercially produced products containing these species, Each nematode carries a specific insect killing bacteria such
and they are considered beneficial because of their ability as Xenorhabdus spp. This bacteria is a critical component
to kill insects. There are other beneficial nematodes (not needed by nematode to complete its life cycle. Once the
commercially available) that feed on bacteria and fungi and nematode is inside the host, it will release its associated
can aid in nutrient cycling. bacteria, killing the insect. The nematodes will feed and
reproduce inside of the cadaver. If the host is large enough,
Problematic nematodes can include root-knot nematodes the next generation of nematodes will emerge. However,
(Meloidogyne spp.) and lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus in smaller hosts like Western flower thrips (Frankliniella
spp.), as well as many other species. These plant- occidentalis), there is not enough room for reproduction.
parasitic nematodes can be devastating to agriculture,
and researchers are continually working on control and Entomopathogenic nematodes use several foraging
suppression options. strategies to hunt prey. They are the “ambushers” (which
include the Steinernema spp.): they patiently sit and wait for
an insect host to move by, and then force their way into the

Key Pests

Thrips Shore Flies

(Family: Ephydridae)
Most everyone will agree that using S.
feltiae for the control of Western flower Adult shore flies are similar in size
thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was to fungus gnats but are strong
a game changer. For years growers fliers that are stoutly built with
struggled spraying pesticides on the foliage only killing the early short legs and antennae. They look like small houseflies
instars and adults of this pest, but not killing the pupae in the soil. with five distinctive light-colored spots on each wing.
Because growers were spraying so often and not rotating MOAs Why it is important to ID your species is because different
enough, thrips developed resistance to some key pesticides. By nematodes are used for different fly species. For shore
adding nematodes into the program, growers were finally able fly management, the nematode S. carpocapsae is used
to kill the pupae in the soil, targeting this life stage. Nematodes (different than the one for fungus gnats).
could also be used repeatedly without concerns of developing
resistance. Unfortunately, nematodes do not work on all thrips
species. Some like poinsettia thrips (Echinothrips americanus) or
chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) are not controlled. This is why
identification is so important. Positively ID before you treat.
 host’s body. They are very effective against pests that are in is going to be used for application. You do not want this
the top layers of the soil, such as cutworms, fungus gnats water too warm. Ideally the nematodes and water should
and others. be roughly the same temperature. The nematodes may
need to sit out for a period to warm up closer to the water
On the other hand, there are the “cruisers” that will move temperature. Normally cool tap water is a good temperature
around actively searching for hosts. They are usually found to target.
deeper in the soil profile attacking many types of grubs.
These are normally in the genus Heterorhabditis. Then there Cooler water is better because it holds more dissolved
is S. feltiae which actually employ an intermediate foraging oxygen. Your water also will need to have some form of
strategy where they both cruise and ambush. agitation and aeration to both keep the nematodes from
sinking as well as to provide them with oxygen during the
Applying nematodes correctly application. This will ensure you get your nematodes applied
Nematodes are an amazing biological control option, but if evenly and alive.
they are not applied correctly, growers will not see their pests
controlled. First you need to see if there is a commercially Growers will also need to remove the screens from the
available nematode species for the target pest. If so, place water lines. Screens are fatal to nematodes. Ideally its best
an order for the appropriate amounts. How many you need to apply nematodes on an overcast day because UV can kill
will depend on the recommended rates. Rates can vary nematodes. If it is going to be a sunny day, it will be best to
depending on whether the application is preventative or apply the nematodes in the early morning and irrigate directly
curative. after application to wash the nematodes down into the
media. Use the entire spray tank, do not leave nematodes in
When placing an order try to have them delivered as close as the tank for the next day.
possible to your planned application date. Nematodes can
be stored in a refrigerator at 41°F (5 °C), but ideally growers Once your nematodes are in the soil, how long before you
should not store them long term because most refrigerators see control of the target pest will depend on the species.
are not accurate enough to maintain a constant 41°F (5 °C). Nematodes often go after the larval or pupal stage of an
Packages will have an expiration date on them. insect that lives in the soil, not the adult. This means that
growers will have to wait for the adults to die off or apply a
When it is time to apply the nematodes, remove them from pesticide targeting the adult.
the refrigerator. Check the temperature of the water that

Fungus Gnats Black Vine Weevil

(Family: Sciaridae) (Otiorhynchus sulcatus)
One of the more annoying This small black beetle is another
pests are the fungus gnats. pest that can cause very serious
They are known to vector plant damage to roots and foliage. The
pathogens, feed on roots of plants, and be an aesthetic larvae go unseen, living underground and feeding on roots.
problem if not controlled. There are some conventional This is where the beneficial nematodes S. kraussei or S.
pesticides that can be used to manage the larval stage, carpocapsae can really work well, going after the immatures
but they must be rotated because of resistance issues. in the soil. The adults feed on the foliage of plants, and
Using S. feltiae make fungus gnat control easy with no conventional pesticides are used to manage them. Check
need to worry about resistance: so easy and they just the BASF nematode compatibility guide to select a product
work. Do remember they just kill the larvae so you will still safe to use with the nematodes.
have adults for 7-10 days after treatment.

GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 15

 Be sure to rotate
insecticides and miticides
2023 Insecticides and Miticides for with different modes of
Managing Insect and Mite Pests of action within generations to
Greenhouse-Grown Horticultural Crops avoid the potential for insect
and mite pest populations to
Raymond A. Cloyd develop resistance.
Department of Entomology
Kansas State University
–Raymond Cloyd

Greenhouse pest management/plant protection involves using a multitude of strategies in order to minimize the prospect of dealing with insect and mite pest pop-
ulations. The use of pest control materials (insecticides and miticides) is one component of a pest management/plant protection program, which also includes pest
identification and monitoring along with cultural, physical, and biological control. Proper stewardship of pest control materials involves resistance management by
rotating products with different modes of action. The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) has developed a grouping, based on mode of action, to facilitate
the implementation of appropriate rotation programs. Pest control materials have been assigned a designated number (sometimes number and letter combinations)
associated with their mode of action. For more information, consult the IRAC website (www.irac.online.org). The information presented in this chart is not a
substitute for the label. Always read and understand all information presented on the label before using any pest control material. Also, be sure to check
county and state regulations to determine if there are any local restrictions associated with the use of specific pest control materials listed in this chart.

Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

APHIDS Abamectin Avid 12 hours 6: GABA1 chloride channel activator

Acephate 1300 Orthene TR/Precise 24/12 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
9D: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ
Afidopyropen Ventigra 12 hours
TRPV channel modulator
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours
Beauveria bassiana
Strain PPRI 5339 Velifer 12 hours

Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours 20D + 6: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

+ GABA chloride channel activator
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Clarified hydrophobic extract of
Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
neem oil
Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
Cycaniliprole Sarisa 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
28 + 29: Selective activation of ryanodine
Cyclaniloprole + Flonicamid Pradia 12 hours receptors + Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal
organ modulator
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 12 hours 3A + 4A: Prolong opening of sodium channels +

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Fenoxycarb Preclude 12 hours 7B: Juvenile hormone mimic
Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Flonicamid Aria 12 hours 29: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

modulator
q Flupyradifurone Altus 4 hours 4D: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator

16 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide

 Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

APHIDS Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator

continued Isaria fumosorosea
Ancora 4 hours
Apopka Strain 97
Isaria fumosorosea
NOFLY WP 12 hours
Strain FE 9901
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours 7A: Juvenile hormone mimic
Methiocarb Mesurol 24 hours 1A: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor

Pymetrozine Endeavor 12 hours 9B: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

TRPV channel modulator
Pyrethrins Pyreth-It/Pyrethrum 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Pyrethrins + Oil Pycana 12 hours 3 + suffocation (oil on board): Sodium channel

modulators

Pyrifluquinazon Rycar 12 hours 9B: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

TRPV channel modulator
5 + 4C: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/
Spinetoram + Sulfoxaflor XXpire 12 hours agonist and GABA chloride channel activator +
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
BROAD MITE Abamectin Avid 12 hours 6: GABA chloride channel activator

Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours 20D + 6: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

+ GABA chloride channel activator
Chlorfenapyr Pylon 12 hours 13: Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler
Fenpyroximate Akari 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

Pyrethrins + Oil Pycana 12 hours 3 + suffocation (oil on board): Sodium channel

modulators
Pyridaben Sanmite 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
Spiromesifen Savate 12 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
CATERPILLARS Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
kurstaki
Dipel 4 hours 11: Midgut membrane disruptor

Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Chlorfenapyr Pylon 12 hours 13: Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler
Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
q Cyclaniloprole Sarisa 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors

(Pest control materials in bold typeface are from BASF.) GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 17
Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

CATERPILLARS 28 + 29: Selective activation of ryanodine

continued Cyclaniloprole + Flonicamid Pradia 12 hours receptors + Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal
organ modulator
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Fenoxycarb Preclude 12 hours 7B: Juvenile hormone mimic
Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor
Pyrethrins Pyreth-It/Pyrethrum 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Pyrethrins + Oil Pycana 12 hours 3 + suffocation (oil on board): Sodium channel

modulators
Pyridalyl Overture 12 hours Unknown mode of action

Methoxyfenozide Intrepid 4 hours 18: Ecdysone agonist: mimics action of molting

hormone
Novaluron Pedestal 12 hours 15: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
5 + 4C: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/
Spinetoram + Sulfoxaflor XXpire 12 hours agonist and GABA chloride channel activator +
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator

Spinosad Conserve 4 hours 5: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/

agonist and GABA chloride channel activator
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
CYCLAMEN MITE Abamectin Avid 12 hours 6: GABA chloride channel activator

Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours 20D + 6: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

+ GABA chloride channel activator
Chlorfenapyr Pylon 12 hours 13: Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler
Fenpyroximate Akari 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
Spiromesifen Savate 12 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
FUNGUS GNAT Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
LARVAE
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
israelensis
Gnatrol 4 hours 11: Midgut membrane disruptor

Chlorfenapyr Pylon 12 hours 13: Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler

Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor

Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 12 hours 3A + 4A: Prolong opening of sodium channels +

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Cyromazine Citation 12 hours 17: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Diflubenzuron Adept 12 hours 15: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours 7A: Juvenile hormone mimic
q Pyriproxyfen Distance/Fulcrum 12 hours 7C: Juvenile hormone mimic

18 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide

 Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

FUNGUS GNAT Steinernema feltiae Nemasys, NemaShield,

LARVAE Scanmask, and Entonem
continued Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
FUNGUS GNAT Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
ADULTS
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 12 hours 3A + 4A: Prolong opening of sodium channels +

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
LEAFHOPPERS Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Buprofezin Talus 12 hours 16: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Clarified hydrophobic extract of
Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
neem oil
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 12 hours 3A + 4A: Prolong opening of sodium channels +

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Flonicamid Aria 12 hours 29: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

modulator
Flupyradifurone Altus 12 hours 4D: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Isaria fumosorosea
NOFLY WP 12 hours
Strain FE 9901
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor
Pyrethrins Pyreth-It/Pyrethrum 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
LEAFMINERS Abamectin Avid 12 hours 6: GABA chloride channel activator
Acephate 1300 Orthene TR/Precise 24/12 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
q Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone

(Pest control materials in bold typeface are from BASF.) GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 19
Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

LEAFMINERS Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours 20D + 6: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
continued + GABA chloride channel activator
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
Cyclaniloprole Sarisa 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
28 + 29: Selective activation of ryanodine
Cyclaniloprole + Flonicamid Pradia 12 hours receptors + Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal
organ modulator

Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 4 hours 3A + 4A: Prolong opening of sodium channels +

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Cyromazine Citation 12 hours 17: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Diflubenzuron Adept 12 hours 15: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Fenoxycarb Preclude 12 hours 7B: Juvenile hormone mimic
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Isaria fumosorosea
Ancora 4 hours
Apopka Strain 97
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours 7A: Juvenile hormone mimic
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Novaluron Pedestal 12 hours 15: Chitin synthesis inhibitor

Pyrethrins + Oil Pycana 12 hours 3 + suffocation (oil on board): Sodium channel

modulators

Spinosad Conserve 4 hours 5: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/

agonist and GABA chloride channel activator
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
MEALYBUGS Acephate 1300 Orthene TR/Precise 24/12 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
9D: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ
Afidopyropen Ventigra 12 hours
TRPV channel modulator
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours
Beauveria bassiana
Strain PPRI 5339 Velifer 12 hours

Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Buprofezin Talus 12 hours 16: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Clarified hydrophobic extract of
Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
neem oil
28 + 29: Selective activation of ryanodine
Cyclaniloprole + Flonicamid Pradia 12 hours receptors + Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal
organ modulator
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 12 hours 3A + 4A: Prolong opening of sodium channels +

q
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator

20 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide

 Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

MEALYBUGS Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator

continued
Fenoxycarb Preclude 12 hours 7B: Juvenile hormone mimic
Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Flonicamid Aria 12 hours 29: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

modulator
Flupyradifurone Altus 4 hours 4D: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Isaria fumosorosea
Ancora 4 hours
Apopka Strain 97
Isaria fumosorosea
NOFLY WP 12 hours
Strain FE 9901
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours 7A: Juvenile hormone mimic
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor

Pyrethrins + Oil Pycana 12 hours 3 + suffocation (oil on board): Sodium channel

modulators

Pyrifluquinazon Rycar 12 hours 9B: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

TRPV channel modulator
5 + 4C: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/
Spineotram + Sulfoxaflor XXpire 12 hours agonist and GABA chloride channel activator +
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
PLANT BUGS Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
28 + 29: Selective activation of ryanodine
Cyclaniloprole + Flonicamid Pradia 12 hours receptors + Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal
organ modulator

Flonicamid Aria 12 hours 29: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

modulator
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Flupyradifurone Altus 4 hours 4D: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Isaria fumosorosea
Ancora 4 hours
Apopka Strain 97
Isaria fumosorosea
NOFLY WP 12 hours
Strain FE 9901

Pyrethrins + Oil Pycana 12 hours 3 + suffocation (oil on board): Sodium channel

modulators
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
SCALES (HARD Acephate 1300 Orthene TR/Precise 24/12 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
AND SOFT)a
Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 4A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
q Buprofezin Talus 12 hours 16: Chitin synthesis inhibitor

(Pest control materials in bold typeface are from BASF.) GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 21
Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

SCALES (HARD Clarified hydrophobic extract of

Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
AND SOFT)a neem oil
continued Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
Cyclaniloprole Sarisa 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
28 + 29: Selective activation of ryanodine
Cyclaniloprole + Flonicamid Pradia 12 hours receptors + Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal
organ modulator
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Fenoxycarb Preclude 12 hours 7B: Juvenile hormone mimic

Flonicamid Aria 12 hours 29: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

modulator
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours 7A: Juvenile hormone mimic
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor

Pyrethrins + Oil Pycana 12 hours 3 + suffocation (oil on board): Sodium channel

modulators
Pyriproxyfen Distance/Fulcrum 12 hours 7C: Juvenile hormone mimic
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
SHORE FLY Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
LARVAE hormone
Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Cyromazine Citation 12 hours 17: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Diflubenzuron Adept 12 hours 15: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Pyriproxyfen Distance/Fulcrum 12 hours 7C: Juvenile hormone mimic

Spinosad Conserve 4 hours 5: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/

agonist and GABA chloride channel activator
Steinernema carpocapsae Millenium 0 hours
SLUG AND SNAIL Iron phosphate Sluggo 0 hours Inhibits calcium metabolism
Metaldehyde Deadline Refer to Label Central nervous system toxin
Methiocarb Mesurol 24 hours 1A: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
SPIDER MITE Abamectin Avid 12 hours 6: GABA chloride channel activator
(TWOSPOTTED)
Acequinocyl Shuttle 12 hours 20B: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
Beauveria bassiana
Strain PPRI 5339 Velifer 12 hours

Bifenazate Floramite 4 hours 20D: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours 20D + 6: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

+ GABA chloride channel activator
q Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

22 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide

 Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

SPIDER MITE Chlorfenapyr Pylon 12 hours 13: Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler

(TWOSPOTTED) Clarified hydrophobic extract of
continued Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
neem oil
Clofentezine Novato 12 hours 10A: Growth and embryogenesis inhibitor
Cyflumetofen Sultan 12 hours 25: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
Etoxazole TetraSan/Beethoven 12/24 hours 10B: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Fenazaquin Magus 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
Fenpyroximate Akari 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
Hexythiazox Hexygon 12 hours 10A: Growth and embryogenesis inhibitor
Isaria fumosorosea
Ancora 4 hours
Apopka Strain 97
Metarhizium brunneum
Met52 4 hours
Strain F52
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor
Pyridaben Sanmite 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
Spiromesifen Savate 12 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
THRIPS Abamectin Avid 12 hours 6: GABA chloride channel activator
Acephate 1300 Orthene TR/Precise 24/12 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours
Beauveria bassiana
Strain PPRI 5339 Velifer 12 hours

Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours 20D + 6: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

+ GABA chloride channel activator
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Chlorfenapyr Pylon 12 hours 13: Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler
Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
Cyclaniloprole Sarisa 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
28 + 29: Selective activation of ryanodine
Cyclaniloprole + Flonicamid Pradia 12 hours receptors + Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal
organ modulator
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 12 hours 3A + 4A: Prolong opening of sodium channels +

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Fenoxycarb Preclude 12 hours 7B: Juvenile hormone mimic

Flonicamid Aria 12 hours 29: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

modulator
Isaria fumosorosea
q NOFLY WP 12 hours
Strain FE 9901

(Pest control materials in bold typeface are from BASF.) GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 23
Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

THRIPS Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours 7A: Juvenile hormone mimic

continued Metarhizium brunneum
Met52 4 hours
Strain F52
Methiocarb Mesurol 24 hours 1A: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Novaluron Pedestal 12 hours 15: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor
Pyrethrins Pyreth-It/Pyrethrum 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Pyrethrins + Oil Pycana 12 hours 3 + suffocation (oil on board): Sodium channel

modulators
Pyridalyl Overture 12 hours Unknown mode of action
5 + 4C: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/
Spinetoram + Sulfoxaflor XXpire 12 hours agonist and GABA chloride channel activator +
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator

Spinosad Conserve 4 hours 5: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/

agonist and GABA chloride channel activator
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Steinernema feltiae Nemasys
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
WHITEFLIES Abamectin Avid 12 hours 6: GABA chloride channel activator
Acephate 1300 Orthene TR/Precise 24/12 hours 1B: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
9D: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ
Afidopyropen Ventigra 12 hours
TRPV modulator
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours
Beauveria bassiana
Strain PPRI 5339 Velifer 12 hours

Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours 20D + 6: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

+ GABA chloride channel activator
Buprofezin Talus 12 hours 16: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Clarified hydrophobic extract of
Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
neem oil
Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
Cyclaniloprole Sarisa 4 hours 28: Selective activation of ryanodine receptors
28 + 29: Selective activation of ryanodine
Cyclaniloprole + Flonicamid Pradia 12 hours receptors + Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal
organ modulator
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Cyfluthrin + Imidaclorpid Discus 12 hours 3A + 4A: Prolong opening of sodium channels +

q
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator

24 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide

 Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode Of Action Group)

WHITEFLIES Diflubenzuron Adept 12 hours 15: Chitin synthesis inhibitor

continued
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Fenazaquin Magus 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor
Fenoxycarb Preclude 12 hours 7B: Juvenile hormone mimic
Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Flonicamid Aria 12 hours 29: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

modulator
Flupyradifurone Altus 4 hours 4D: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Isaria fumosorosea
Ancora 4 hours
Apopka Strain 97
Isaria fumosorosea
NOFLY WP 12 hours
Strain FE 9901
Metarhizium brunneum
Met52 4 hours
Strain F52
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours 7A: Juvenile hormone mimic
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Novaluron Pedestal 12 hours 15: Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor

Pymetrozine Endeavor 12 hours 9B: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

TRPV channel modulator
Pyrethrins Pyreth-It/Pyrethrum 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels

Pyrethrins + Oil Pycana 12 hours 3 + suffocation (oil on board): Sodium channel

modulators
Pyridaben Sanmite 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

Pyrifluquinazon Rycar 12 hours 9B: Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ

TRPV channel modulator
Pyriproxyfen Distance/Fulcrum 12 hours 7C: Juvenile hormone mimic
5 + 4C: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/
Spinetoram + Sulfoxaflor XXpire 12 hours agonist and GABA chloride channel activator +
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Spiromesifen Savate 12 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours 23: Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours 3A: Prolong opening of sodium channels
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours 21A: Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor

a Refer to label for specific scale species. For more information contact Dr. Raymond A. Cloyd, Professor and Extension
1 GABA=Gamma-aminobutyric acid. Specialist in Horticultural Entomology/Plant Protection at Kansas State University,
Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4004
2 Additional azadirachtin products include the following: AzaGuard, Aza-Direct, and AzaSol. Phone: (785) 532-4750; Email: [email protected]

Updated: July, 2021

GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 25

Come Grow with Us: Programs That
Meet You Where You Are Now
Biologicals + Chemistry = Better Together

Let’s look at some

ways to START How’s your
HERE pest pressure?
make tools,
timings and
approaches It’s low

work better
all year long

Great! Let’s
Slow Your Roll
Watch your pest
pressure as temps climb:
conditions change fast in Begin foundational weekly applications
the greenhouse! to maintain low pressure

Build your program around these apps,

add targeted chemistries, IGRs and oils

See pest specific programs on page 28-29

Stagger incompatible chemistries

I want to use
bios, but I don’t
know where to start
Start with Foundational Applications

26 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide

 My program is
conventional,
and control
could be better

I use bios, but

sometimes need a
rescue treatment
It’s medium to high

That’s okay. Are you

YES using beneficials? NO

Make rescue application Make rescue application from

from Targeted column only Targeted or Broad-Spectrum column

Time for
Rescue Me
Foundational
Weekly Applications Targeted Broad-Spectrum Pest Targets

Velifer® fungal contact

Sultan® miticide (spider only) Pylon® miticide/insecticide Mites
insecticide/miticide

Velifer fungal contact Whiteflies, aphids,

Ventigra® insecticide Safari® insecticide
insecticide/miticide mealybugs & scale

Velifer fungal contact

insecticide/miticide, Nemasys® Mainspring® insecticide Pylon miticide/insecticide Western flower thrips
beneficial nematodes
Nemasys beneficial Azatin® O biological
Distance® insect growth Fungus gnats
nematodes + Millenium® insecticide
regulator and shore flies
beneficial nematodes Merit® insecticide
Once you’re at low pressure, return to Slow Your Roll.
When pressures rise, return to Rescue Me.
Keep making your foundational maintenance biological applications:
Foundational Fridays Conventional Tuesdays Beneficial Wednesdays
Always read and follow label directions.
Millemium, Nemasys, Pylon, Sultan, Velifer and Ventigra are registered trademarks of BASF. Merit is a registered trademark of Bayer Environmental
Science. Distance and Safari are registered trademarks of NuFarm. Azatin is a registered trademark of OHP, Inc. Mainspring is a registered trademark of
Syngenta Professional Products. All products may not be approved for sale or use in your state. Refer to your local Extension Service.
©2022 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 27
Building Better Insecticide Programs
Basic Rotations + Functional Glow Ups
Well-rounded programs for common pests plus functional groups and other IPM tools
and activities that take your results from acceptable control to outstanding plant quality
APHIDS
Ventigra® insecticide (Group 9D) Targeted
Velifer® fungal contact insecticide/miticide (Group NC) Conventionals
Pradia® insecticide (Groups 28+29)
Kontos® insecticide/miticide (Group 23)
IGR: Azatin® O biological insecticide (Group UN)

BROAD MITES Formulated

Ultra-Pure Oil insecticide, miticide, fungicide (Group NC) Foundational
Velifer® fungal contact insecticide/miticide (Group NC) Biologicals
Pylon® miticide or Pylon TR miticide (Group 13)
Sanmite® miticide/insecticide (21A)
Sirocco® miticide/insecticide (6+20D)

FUNGUS GNATS Growth

Nemasys® beneficial nematodes (Group NC) Regulators
Citation® insecticide (Group 17)
Discus® insecticide (Groups 3A+4A)
IGR: Distance® insect growth regulator (Group 7C)
MEALYBUGS
Broad-Spectrum
Ultra-Pure Oil insecticide, miticide, fungicide (Group NC) Conventionals
Ventigra insecticide (Group 9D)
Pradia insecticide (Groups 28+29)
Safari® insecticide (Group 4A)
IGR: Talus® insect growth regulator (Group 16)

SCALE
Ultra-Pure Oil insecticide, miticide, fungicide (Group NC)
Ventigra insecticide (Group 9D)
Pradia insecticide (Groups 28+29)
Safari insecticide (Group 4A)
IGR: Distance or Fulcrum® insect growth regulator (Group 7C)

We ad d ed i n b road mit e rot a t ions a nd more c ombina t ion MOA

p rod u cts th i s y ear. The fe e dba c k ha s be e n t ha t the pro g rams
w ork . Ru n th em i n th i s orde r or use e a c h list a s a me nu of opt ions.
As p er u su al : w e mak e s ug g es ti o ns , y o u make the deci s i o ns .

J e N B ROw N iN g, P C A
28 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide,
B A S F Miticide & Fungicide
S e n io r Te c hGuide
n i c a l S pe c i a l i s t
 the IPM decision tree
basic rotations to build on
add functional groups

that work for your operation

SHORE FLIES
Beneficials & Millenium® beneficial nematodes (Group NC)
Predators Azatin O biological insecticide (Group UN)
Citation insecticide (Group 17)
IGR: Distance insect growth regulator (Group 7C)

SPIDER MITES
Oils & Soaps Sultan® miticide (Group 25)
Velifer fungal contact insecticide/miticide (Group NC)
Pylon miticide-insecticide or Pylon TR miticide-insecticide
(Group 13)
Kontos® insecticide/miticide (Group 23)
IGR: TetraSan® miticide/ovicide or
Cultural & Beethoven® TR miticide/insecticide (Group 10B)
Mechanical
Controls THRIPS
Pylon miticide-insecticide (Group 13)
Velifer fungal contact insecticide/miticide (Group NC)
Aria® insecticide (Group 29)
Scouting & Conserve® insecticide (Group 5)
Record-Keeping IGR: Azatin O biological insecticide (Group UN)

WHITEFLIES
Ventigra insecticide (Group 9D)
Velifer fungal contact insecticide/miticide (Group NC)
Aria insecticide (Group 29)
Savate® miticide/insecticide (Group 23)
IGR: Talus insect growth regulator (Group 16)

Always read and follow label directions.

Beethoven, Millenium, Nemasys, Pylon, Sultan, Velifer and Ventigra are registered trademarks of BASF. Kontos and Savate are registered trademarks of Bayer
Environmental Science. Conserve is a registered trademark of Corteva. Aria is a registered trademark of FMC Professional Solutions. Sanmite is a registered
trademark of Gowan Company. Distance, Safari and TetraSan are registered trademarks of Nufarm. Azatin, Discus, Fulcrum, Pradia and Sirocco are registered
trademarks of OHP, Inc. Talus is a registered trademark of SePRO Corporation. Citation and Mainspring are registered trademarks of Syngenta.
©2022 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved. GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 29
Importance of Preemergent Herbicide
Rotation in Nursery Weed Control Programs
By Chris Marble, PhD

A herbicide mode (or mechanism) of action is the overall way

a herbicide works to control weeds. While there are currently
more than 20 different preemergent herbicide products I recommend following
labeled for use in container nurseries, for most ornamental Dr. Marble’s recommendations and
species these options are comprised of only five different avoiding back-to-back or sequential
modes of action (MOAs), including the Weed Science applications for the best results. Use
Society of America’s MOA groups 3, 14, 15, 21, and 29,
a herbicide with a different site
which are represented by different color codes on the
Nursery Herbicide Selection chart. These herbicide MOAs of action between applications
may be applied alone [such as pendimethalin (Pendulum) of FreeHand 1.75G
or dimethenamid-P (Tower)] or are often combined into a herbicide.
single product (such as FreeHand) to either improve control
or for convenience. – Peggy Clanton
BASF Sr. Sales
Rotating through different MOAs provides several Specialist
advantages including:
1) preventing/delaying the development
usually need to apply herbicides every 8 to 10 weeks
of herbicide resistant weeds;
throughout the growing season, somewhere between 4 to 6
2) increasing weed control; and
or more herbicide applications are needed in a typical year.
3) Improving crop safety.
In addition to the three major benefits rotation provides, in
Another consideration is that based on product labels, most cases rotation is going to be required to stay within
growers are usually limited to two to three applications annual application limits while still achieving acceptable
per year depending on the rate that is applied. As growers weed control.

Information on herbicide safety, efficacy, and developing a

weed control program can be found on individual product
labels and in guides such as the 2017 Southeast Pest
Management Guide for Nursery Crops and Landscape
Plantings (https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeastern-us-pest-
control-guide-for-nursery-crops-and-landscape-plantings).

The Weed Science Society of The Herbicide Resistance

America (https://wssa.net/) Action Committee websites
(https://www.hracglobal.com/)

C H R I S MA R B LE , Ph D
A s s o c i a te P ro fe s s o r

Uni v e r s i ty o f Fl o ri d a
M i d- Fl o r i da R e s e arch
30 GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide a nd E duc a ti o n C en t er
 Common Nursery Herbicides and Mode of Action Groups
Active Example WSSA Herbicide Weeds
Ingredient Trade Names Group* Controlled*

Dithiopyr Dimension EW 3

Oryzalin Surflan AS 3
Grasses and
Pendimethalin Pendulum EC/AquaCap/G 3
some broadleaves
Prodiamine Barricade L, RegalKade G 3

Trifluralin Treflan G 3

Flumioxazin Broadstar G, SureGuard SC 14

Broadleaves and
Oxadiazon Ronstar G 14
some grasses
Oxyfluorfen Goal XL 14
Grasses, broadleaves,
Dimethenamid-P Tower EC 15
sedge suppression
Grasses, some broadleaves,
s-Metolachlor Pennant Magnum EC 15
sedge suppression
Grasses and
Napropamide Devrinol DF 15
some broadleaves
Isoxaben Gallery SC 21 Broadleaves

Indaziflam Marengo SC, G 29 Broadleaves and grasses

Grasses and
Benefin + Oryzalin XL 2G 3+3
some broadleaves
Dimethenamid-P +
FreeHand 1.75G 15 + 3
Pendimethalin
Trifluralin + Isoxaben Snapshot G 3 + 21

Prodiamine + Isoxaben Gemini SC/G 3 + 21

Dithiopyr + Isoxaben Fortress G 21 + 3

Flumioxazin + Prodiamine Fuerte G 14 + 3

Grasses and broadleaves
Oxadiazon + Prodiamine RegalStar G 14 + 3

Oxyfluorfen + Oryzalin Rout G 14 + 3

Oxyfluorfen + Pendimethalin OH2 G 14 + 3

Oxyflourfen + Prodiamine Biathlon G 14 + 3

Oxyflourfen + Oxadiazon Regal O-O G 14 + 14

*Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) herbicide group numbers are based on herbicide mode of action (MOA) and represented by different color
codes. MOA should be rotated to prevent/delay resistance development and improve weed control. Weeds control column lists general weed types
controlled by each herbicide; user should consult individual product labels for a full list of weed species controlled.
GROWERTALKS 2023 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 31
BIO
LOGICAL
Controlling pests doesn’t have to be complicated. With biological solutions from BASF, growers have a
natural partner that can easily integrate into their production cycles. Delivering extended protection and
resistance management while working alongside targeted conventional programs has never been easier.
Searching for a simple way to manage resistance?

IT’S NOT ROCKET SCIENCE. IT’S

Visit betterplants.basf.us to learn more.