STRAIN

ENGR. MONICA ANN LOUISE J. INTONG

Stress-Strain Diagram and Hooke’s Law
point where there is a highest stress
significant increase in on this curve
the elongation without a
corresponding
increase in stress
point where
necking and δ
ϵ= σ = Eϵ
failure occurs Necking - sharp reduction in L
the cross section of the member
largest stress that a material can withstand
without being permanently deformed
For axially loaded bars:
highest point on the linear
portion of this diagram Lσ L P(x)
δ =න dx = න dx
0 E 0 A(x)E

σL PL
δ= =
E AE
LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 8
Reference: Gertc
STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM AND HOOKE’S LAW
The rigid bar is supported by the pin-connected rod CB that has a cross-sectional area of 14 mm2 and is made
from 6061-T6 aluminum. Determine the vertical deflection of the bar at D when the distributed load is applied.
Take Eal = 68.9 GPa.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 20

STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM AND HOOKE’S LAW
The rigid bar is supported by the pin-connected rod CB that has a cross-sectional area of 14 mm2 and is made
from 6061-T6 aluminum. Determine the vertical deflection of the bar at D when the distributed load is applied.
Take Eal = 68.9 GPa.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 21

POISSON’S RATIO AND SHEAR STRAIN
The thin-walled tube is subjected to an axial force of 40 kN. If the tube elongates 3 mm and its
circumference decreases 0.09 mm, determine the modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, and the
shear modulus of the tube’s material. The material behaves elastically.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 22

POISSON’S RATIO AND SHEAR STRAIN
The thin-walled tube is subjected to an axial force of 40 kN. If the tube elongates 3 mm and its
circumference decreases 0.09 mm, determine the modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, and the
shear modulus of the tube’s material. The material behaves elastically.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 23

POISSON’S RATIO AND SHEAR STRAIN
The plastic sheet, ½ in. thick, is bonded to the pin-jointed steel frame. Determine the
magnitude of the force P that would result in a 0.18-in. horizontal displacement of
bar AB. Use G = 70 ksi for the plastic, and neglect the deformation of the steel frame.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 24

POISSON’S RATIO AND SHEAR STRAIN
The plastic sheet, ½ in. thick, is bonded to the pin-jointed steel frame. Determine the
magnitude of the force P that would result in a 0.18-in. horizontal displacement of
bar AB. Use G = 70 ksi for the plastic, and neglect the deformation of the steel frame.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 25

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Normal Method

ΣF = 0 and/or ΣM = 0

PL
δ=
AE

Σδ = 0 or a certain value and/or ratio and proportion

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 26

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES
The three suspender bars are made of A992 steel and have equal cross-sectional areas of
450 mm2. Determine the average normal stress in each bar if the rigid beam is subjected
to the loading shown.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 27

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES
Before the 400-kN load is applied, the rigid platform rests on two steel bars, each of cross-sectional
area 1400 mm2, as shown in the figure. The cross-sectional area of the aluminum bar is 2800 mm2.
Compute the stress in the aluminum bar after the 400-kN load is applied. Use E = 200 GPa for steel
and E = 70 Gpa for aluminum. Neglect the weight of the platform.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 28

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Superposition Method

Σδ = 0 or a certain value and/or

ratio and proportion

PL
δ=
AE

ΣF = 0 and/or ΣM = 0

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 29

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

The steel rod is stress-free before the axial loads P1 = 150 kN and P2 = 90 kN are applied to
the rod. Assuming that the walls are rigid, calculate the axial force in each segment after the
loads are applied. Use E = 200 GPa.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 30

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES
The tapered member is fixed connected at its ends A and B and is subjected to a load P.
Determine the greatest possible magnitude for P without exceeding an average normal
stress of σallow = 4 ksi anywhere in the member, and determine the location x at which P
would need to be applied. The member is 2 in. thick.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 31

THERMAL STRESSES
δT = α ΔT L

If the temperature increases, the body will expand.

If it decreases, it will contract.

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 32

THERMAL STRESSES
A rigid bar of negligible weight is supported as shown in the figure. Refer to the table below
for the relevant data.
(a) If W = 80 kN, compute the temperature change of the assembly that will cause a tensile
stress of 50 MPa in the steel rod.
(b) Find the stress in each rod if the temperature rises 20 °C after a load W = 120 kN is
applied.

Material A (mm2) α (/°C) E (GPa)

Steel rod 300 11.7 × 10-6 200
Bronze rod 1400 18.9 × 10-6 83

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 33

THERMAL STRESSES

LECTURE SERIES: MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES - strain 34

PREPARED BY: ENGR. CHARLES RAMOS