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Unit 3 Waves 第三单元 波动

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34 views4 pages

Unit 3 Waves 第三单元 波动

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Pearson iGCSE PHYSICS Mr Jason Zang

Unit 3 Waves 第三单元 波动

1. State the frequency range for human hearing


20 20000 Hz

2. Give the name of the piece of apparatus that could be connected to the oscilloscope
to detect the ultrasound waves 示波器连啥
Microphone

3. Describe how the oscilloscope is used to measure the time period of the ultrasound
waves 怎么用示波器读周期
 Adjust the oscilloscope ¿ obtain steady trace
 Adjust time base ¿ display one cycle
 number|of squares for full cycle
 Multiply number of square by timebase

4. State the equation relating wave speed, frequency and wavelength


wave speed =frequency × wavelength

5. Describe how the dangers of electromagnetic waves vary with wavelength 电磁波的
危害
 Long wavelength electromagnetic waves cause little harm
 As wavelength decreases ,the harm increases
 Infrared /microwaveradiation only causes damage ¿ the skin
 Ultraviolet radiation causes damage¿ cells below the skin/causes skin cancer
 X −ray / gamma radiationcauses cell mutation∧cancer .

6. State the formula linking refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction
sin (angle of incidence)
refractive index=
sin (angle of refraction)

7. Applications of electromagnetic waves 电磁波的应用

Radio

Television broadcaset

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Pearson iGCSE PHYSICS Mr Jason Zang

8. Sound is an example of a type of wave. State the name of this type of wave.
Longitudinal

9. Suggest why the speed of sound in liquids is greater than the speed of sound in
gases.
 Particles arranged randomly
 Particles further apart ∈ gas than∈liquid
 Sound travels by vibration
 Vibrations are passed more efficiently when particles are closer together

10. State the Doppler Effect. 什么是多普勒效应?


 Change∈observed frequency
 Due ¿ relative motion of the source ¿ the observer
[if the source moves towards the observer, the frequency increases; if the source moves
away from the observer, the frequency decreases. 当振动源远离观察者, 观察到的频率降
低; 当振动源靠近观察者, 观察到的频率升高]

11. Light path with wavefront 带波前的光路图

[Angle of incidence = angle of reflection; wavefront drawn perpendicular to the light rays; 入
射角等于反射角, 波前与光路垂直

for light: going from less dense medium to more dense medium (e.g. air to glass), the light
ray bends toward normal; going from more dense to less dense medium, the light ray bends
away from normal. 对与光来说, 当从光疏介质到光密介质时 (比如从空气到玻璃), 光线
靠近法线; 当从光密介质到光疏介质时, 光线远离发现.

For sound waves: the refraction pattern reverses. 对声波来说, 折射靠近远离法线的规律反


过来]

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Pearson iGCSE PHYSICS Mr Jason Zang

12. Explain why the frequency of the water waves measured by the observer is larger
than the frequency of the water waves created by the boat [Doppler effect 解释多普
勒效应]

[Moving towards the observer 当靠近观察者]


 Wavelength decreases
 v=λf
 Velocity stays the same
 Therefore frequencyincreases

[Moving away from the observer 当远离观察者]


 Wavelength increases
 v=λf
 Velocity stays the same
 Therefore frequency decreases

13. State the formula linking critical angle and refractive index
1
n=
sin c

14. Describe an investigation to determine the speed of sound 测声速的实验方法


 A person standing at least 100 m away ¿ a wall
 Use a meter ruler ¿ measure distance ,∧a stopwatch ¿ measuretime
 Clap by wall∧timehow long for clap¿ come back
 Repeat the steps ¿ get several readings∧take average
 Speed=distance /time

15. Explain the uses of different radiations in the electromagnetic spectrum

 Gamma ray :used ¿ sterilize medicaltools because gamma kills bacteria


 X −ray :used ¿ photograph bones because X −ray can penetrate soft tissues but not bones
 Ultraviolet :used ¿ detect security ink becausefluoresces with UV lighting
 IR :used for optical fiber communication becauseundergoes total internal reflection
 Microwave :used for satellite communicationbecausecan penetrate earth’ s atmosphere

Radio :used for long−range communicationbecausecan be reflected ¿ the earth’ s atmosphere

16. State what is meant by the term critical angle

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Pearson iGCSE PHYSICS Mr Jason Zang

 The angle of incidence


 Above which gives total internal reflection

17. Design an experiment to investigate how the angle of incidence of a ray of light
affects the angle of refraction in the glass block 入射角与折射角关系实验

 U se a laser as light source


 Draw around block on a piece of paper
 Shinelight into block ¿ measure angle of incidence
 Use a protractor ¿ measure angles
 Mark point where ray exits block
 Use a ruler ¿ draw refracted ray
 Measure angle of refraction
 Repeat for different angle of incidence
 Use a graph ¿ show result

18. State what is meant by the term refraction


 Waves changes direction whenthey change medium

19. Describe the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave
 Transverse : direction of vibration is perpendicular ¿ direction of energy transfer
 Longitudinal :direction of vibrationis∥¿ direction of energy transfer

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