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Lab - 13 - Performance Study of Single-Phase Inverter

The document describes a lab experiment on a single-phase inverter. The objectives are to produce an AC voltage from DC using an inverter and measure the input, output, and total harmonic distortion. The document provides details on the full-bridge inverter circuit, square wave operation, harmonic analysis, and procedures for the lab experiment.

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hanokarrar
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Lab - 13 - Performance Study of Single-Phase Inverter

The document describes a lab experiment on a single-phase inverter. The objectives are to produce an AC voltage from DC using an inverter and measure the input, output, and total harmonic distortion. The document provides details on the full-bridge inverter circuit, square wave operation, harmonic analysis, and procedures for the lab experiment.

Uploaded by

hanokarrar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Technology-Iraq. Power Electronic Lab. Single-phase Inverter.

Lab. No. (13)


Performance Study of Square Wave Single-phase Inverter
Objectives
● Produce of an alternating voltage using DC-AC converter.
● Measurement and recording of the input and output of the inverter.
● Evaluate the performance of the inverter through analysis the THD.
Equipment and Components
Note: The student must be recorded here, the used equipment through the implementation
of the experiment and list them in a table.

Theory
Inverter is defined as an Electrical device which converts the Direct current source
into the Alternating current source. The main source of electrical power is the battery
which is a DC source. The DC output of the battery is bucked or boosted according to
the requirement and then converted into AC using a DC-AC inverter. The function of
an inverter is to change a DC input voltage to a symmetric AC output voltage of
desired magnitude and frequency. The output voltage waveforms of ideal inverters
should be sinusoidal. However, the waveforms of practical inverters are non-
sinusoidal and contain certain harmonics.
Single-phase Full-bridge Square-wave inverter

A single-phase full-bridge inverter circuit is built from two half-bridge leg which
consists of four choppers as depicted in Figure. The switching in the second leg is
delayed by 180 degrees from the first leg. When transistor S1 and S2 are closed
simultaneously, the input voltage VDC appears across the load. If transistors S3 and
S4 are closed, the voltage across the load is reversed that is - VDC. The Figure
illustrates the output waveforms for the output voltage and the switches current with
R load

Fig.1: Single-phase inverter.


University of Technology-Iraq. Power Electronic Lab. Single-phase Inverter.

The inverter output


waveform the with R
Load

Fig.2: Single-phase inverter operation with Square wave technique

Any periodic wave form can be represented by infinite series of sinusoids.


∞ ∞

𝑓(𝒕) = 𝒂𝒐 + ∑(𝒂𝒐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒏𝝎𝒕) + ∑(𝒃𝒐 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒏𝝎𝒕)


𝟏 𝟏

Page 2 of 4
University of Technology-Iraq. Power Electronic Lab. Single-phase Inverter.

Harmonics of square-wave, where 𝝎 = 𝟐𝝅/𝑻 ⇒ ⇒ 𝝎 = 𝟏


𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝟏
𝒂𝒐 = [∫ 𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝒅𝜽 + ∫ −𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝒅𝜽 ] = 𝟎
𝝅
𝟎 𝝅

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑽𝒅𝒄 Odd function
𝒂𝒏 = [∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒏𝜽)𝒅𝜽 − ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒏𝜽) 𝒅𝜽 ] = 𝟎
𝝅
𝟎 𝝅 𝒂𝒐 = 𝟎 , 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟎
𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑽𝒅𝒄
𝒃𝒏 = [∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒏𝜽)𝒅𝜽 − ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒏𝜽) 𝒅𝜽 ] = 𝟎
𝝅
𝟎 𝝅

𝑽𝒅𝒄
𝒃𝒏 = [ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟎) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒏𝝅) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒏𝝅) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒏𝝅)] = 𝟎
𝒏𝝅
𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝟐 𝑽𝒅𝒄
𝒃𝒏 = [ 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒏𝝅)] = 𝟎 , 𝒃𝒏 = [ 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒏𝝅)] = 𝟎
𝒏𝝅 𝒏𝝅
𝟒 𝑽𝒅𝒄
𝑽𝒃𝒏 = 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚
𝒏𝝅
∞
𝟒 𝑽𝒅𝒄
The instantaneous output voltage in a Fourier series is 𝒗𝒐 = ∑ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒏𝝎𝒕)
𝒏𝝅
𝑛=1,3,5,…

Even Harmonics: Even harmonics (2nd, 4th, and 6th) are less likely to occur at levels
detrimental to electrical systems. This is because non-linear loads normally generate
odd harmonics rather than even harmonics. Furthermore, when both the positive and
negative half cycles of a waveform are similar in shape, the Fourier series contain only
odd harmonics.

Odd Harmonics: Odd harmonics (3rd, 5th, and 7th) are more common in power
systems and are the ones which lead to severe consequences if they are not controlled.
Each odd harmonic is associated with one of the sequence component (positive,
negative or zero). The phase sequence is very important because it determines the
effect of the harmonic on the operation of the electrical equipment.

the Harmonic Effect on Induction machines can generate three different


sequences which are effect of stable operation of motor:
• 1, 7,13 are produce +ve sequence (a b c)
• 5,11,17 produce –ve sequence (acb)
• Triple harmonics: 3, 9, 15 produce zero sequence
• Lower order harmonics (3rd, 5th etc.) are very difficult to filter, due to the
filter size and high filter order. They can cause serious voltage distortion.
Page 3 of 4
University of Technology-Iraq. Power Electronic Lab. Single-phase Inverter.

Procedure:
a) Connect the circuit in figure 1.
b) Set the PWM at fixed pulse width at 50 Hz with %45 duty ratio.

c) Setup the DC supply to 20V, and set the load resistance at 10 ohms.
d) Control the switching state as in table

e) Use the CRO (Zoom in the waveform) to print the input and output current and
voltage waveforms.

f) Use FFT analyser to calculate the total harmonic distortion (THD) for the output
current waveform.
g) Design and Connect the low pass L-C filter for 50Hz at the load side, and the
Procedure points (b, c, d, e, f)

Post-lab Questions
1. Calculate and discuss the THD at square pulse inverter.
2. At square pulse, what will be happen if the duty ratio > %50 ?
3. What will can be happen if the switches (S1 & S4 ) is turned ON at the same time?
4. What will can be happen if the switches (S1 & S3 ) is turned ON at the same time?
5. what is the important thing you must do it when test the inverter practically (to
avoid the Fault)?
6. State other types of PWM techniques.

Page 4 of 4

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