3/2/2015

EE512

Electrical Illumination
and Design

Prepared by: Engr. John Michael Abrera

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Luminaires, Lighting fixtures and Light fiitings

1
 3/2/2015

Lighting System

LIGHTING SYSTEM
A lighting system is defined as one or more luminaire with one
or more lamps having a characteristic lighting distribution.

Lighting System

Illumination required for different purposes

Standards

2
 3/2/2015

Lighting System

Design of lighting schemes and layouts

A well designed lighting scheme is one which:
1. provides adequate illumination

2. avoids glare and hard shadows

3. provides sufficiently uniform distribution of light all over the

working plane

Lighting System

Depreciation, Maintenance Factor (ρ) or light loss

factor (LLF)
This factor allows for the fact that effective candle power of all
lamps or luminous sources deteriorates owing to blackening
and /or accumulation of dust or dirt on globes and reflectors
etc.
Similarly, walls and ceilings also do not reflect as much as
light as when they are clean.
The value of this factor may be taken as 1/1.4 if the lamp
fittings are likely to clean regularly or 1/1.5 if the is much dust.

Illumination under actual conditions

ρ=
Illumination when everything is perfectly clean

3
 3/2/2015

Lighting System

Total Lumens
Since illuminations is specified in lm/m2, the area in square
meter multiplied by the illumination required gives the total
useful flux that must reach the work plane.

Taking into considerations the utilization and depreciation

factors, the expression for gross lumens is:

IlluminationEunder
x A actual conditions
ρ ==
Φ
Illumination whenη everything
xρ is perfectly clean

Lighting System

Number of lamps and lamp arrangement

The actual spacing and arrangement is governed by space /
height values and the layout of ceiling beams or columns.

Space / Height Ratio

The actual spacing and arrangement is governed by space /
height values and the layout of ceiling beams or columns.

Space
ρ= =
SHR
Height

4
 3/2/2015

Lighting Systems

Example 1
Find the spacing between luminaires for a given shr of 1.5:1 if the
mounting height is 2m
Ans. 3m

Example 2
The illumination in a drawing office 30m x 10m is to have a value of
250 lux and is to provided by a number of 300W filament lamps. If
the cu is 0.4 and η is 0.9, determine the number of lamps required.
The luminous efficiency of each lamps is 14 lm/w.
Ans. 50

Lighting Systems

Example 3
Design a suitable lighting scheme for a factory 120m x 40m with a
height of 7m. Illumination required is 60 lux. Determine the number
of lamps and state the arrangement of the lamps to cover the area.
The lamps are 40W fluorescent lamps giving 45 lm/w. Depreciation
factor is 1.2 and utilization factor is 0.5.
Ans. 384 lamps, 192 fittings, 8 rows & 24 columns

Example 4
A drawing hall in an engineering college is to be provided with a
lighting installation. The hall is 30m x 20m x 8m. The mounting
height is 5m. The required level of illumination is 144 lux. Using
metal filament lamps, estimate the size and numbers of single
lamps luminaires and also draw their spacing layout. (assume cu =
0.6; mf 0.75; space/height ratio = 1; efficacy: 300W lamps = 13
lm/w; 500W lamps = 16 lm/w)
Ans. 24 lamps, 4 x 6

5
 3/2/2015

Lighting Systems

Example 5
A production area in a factory measures 60m x 24m. Find the
number of lamps required if each lamp has a lighting design lumen
(LDL) output of 18,000 lumens. The illumination required for the
factory area is 200 lux. Utilization factor is 0.4 and lamp
maintenance factor is 0.75. show also the lighting design layout if
the shr is 3:2. the mounting height is 4m.
Ans. 54, 4x14 or 5x11

Lighting Systems

Example ---
A function hall 40m x 25m x 6m is to be illuminated with metal
filament gas filled lamps to an average illumination of 90 lux on a
working plane 1 meter above the floor. Estimate the suitable
number, size and mounting height of the the lamps. Sketch the
spacing layout.
Other details: cu = 0.5; df = 1.2 and shr = 1.2
Lamps: 200W 300W 500W
Efficacy: 16 18 20
Ans. 24 (500W), 4 x 6, 5m

6
 3/2/2015

Lighting Systems

Instructions
1 Determine the room dimension in meters
2 Determine the nature of activity or task for the given area
3 Determine the required illumination level (lux) for the task or
activity
4 Select the type of lamp to be used
5 Calculate the room cavity ratio (RCR)
RCR = 5 x height (length + width)
length x width
6 Determine the coefficient of utilization (based on item 4
above). Choose from table 1
7 Determine the maintenance factor. Choose from table 2
8 Determine the number of lamps / luminaires

Lighting Systems

Instructions
9 Calculate the total power consumption of the installed
luminaires (lamp plus ballast)
10 Arrange the luminaire in a suitable grid or install the
luminaires symmetrically
11 Repeat steps 5-9 using other lamps for the comparison of
the cost of operation
12 Compare the total power consumption of the selected lamps
13 Select the lamp with lowest energy operating cost
Note: Selection of lamps should not compromise the minimum
required lux level for a given task for that area or space

From: EEL design and Savings calculator

Philippine Efficient Lighting Market Transformation Project