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CAT-GENEE801 Marking Scheme

The document provides instructions for a machine element design exam. It includes 5 questions about key machine elements, Hooke's law, safety factors, and calculations related to loads on levers and bearings. Students are asked to show their work and provide in-depth explanations for full marks.

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23 views

CAT-GENEE801 Marking Scheme

The document provides instructions for a machine element design exam. It includes 5 questions about key machine elements, Hooke's law, safety factors, and calculations related to loads on levers and bearings. Students are asked to show their work and provide in-depth explanations for full marks.

Uploaded by

giftdamas350
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department: Mechanical Engineering

Program: AUT-A, AUT-B & MT


Level: 7
Module Code: MAMME701, AUTDM701
Module Title: Machine Element Design
Semester: I
Academic Year: 2023-2024
Assessment type: CAT
MAXIMUM MAKS: /30 Date…22 /3../2024 2HOURS

Instructions:

1. The paper contains 5 questions

2. All questions are compulsory

3. Answer questions by order

4. Don’t scratch anything on your answer booklet

5. Write clearly your Registration Number

Skills for a better destiny. CAT


Question one/5marks
Machine element design is a crucial aspect of mechanical engineering that
involves the creation and optimization of individual components or elements
within a machine or mechanical system. Therefore, As an Engineer with
experience in machine element design try to give and explain deeply the main
key elements of machine element design & what do you know about hook’s law?

Answer

(i) Machine elements has different key elements such as

1. Gears: are mechanical components with teeth that mesh with each other to
transmit motion and power.
2. A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which
is used to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which
produces power to a machine which absorbs power.
3. Bearings are one of the most commonly used machine parts because their
rolling motion make almost all movements easier and they help reduce friction.
Bearings have two key functions: They transfer motion, i.e. they support and
guide components which turn relative to one another. They transmit
forces.( Reducing Friction, Supporting Loads, Enabling Rotation, Absorbing
Shock and Vibration and Providing Precise Motion
4. Coupling: A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their
ends for the purpose of transmitting power. The primary purpose of couplings
is to join two pieces of rotating equipment while permitting some degree of
misalignment or end movement or both.
5. A spring is a flexible machine element that stores mechanical energy when
subjected to tensile, compressive, bending, or torsional forces.
6.
(ii) Hooke's law states that the force applied to the spring is directly proportional to
its deflection, provided that it is within the elastic range. Hooke's law describes the
elastic properties of materials only in the range in which the force and displacement
are proportional

Formula

F_s = -kx

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F_s = spring force

k = spring constant

x = spring stretch or compression

or

Hooke's Law is a fundamental principle in physics and materials science that


describes the behavior of elastic materials, particularly in the context of stretching
or compressing. The law is named after the 17th-century English scientist Robert
Hooke, who first formulated it. Hooke's Law can be stated mathematically as:

F=−k⋅ΔL

Hooke's Law is commonly applied to the behavior of springs and elastic materials,
but it also serves as a starting point for understanding the mechanical properties of
materials in general. It is important to note that Hooke's Law has limitations and may
not accurately describe the behavior of materials under extreme conditions or
beyond their elastic limits.

Question two 5/marks


(i) What could be the key aspects of machine element design?
Answer
The key aspect of machine element design are the followings:
Material Selection: Choosing appropriate materials based
on factors such as strength, hardness, toughness, and
corrosion resistance is essential. Material properties directly
impact the performance and durability of machine elements.
Load Analysis: Assessing the forces, moments, and
environmental conditions that the machine elements will be
subjected to is crucial. Understanding these loads helps in
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determining the appropriate size, shape, and material for
each component.
Fatigue and Stress Analysis: Evaluating the potential for
fatigue failure and stress concentrations is essential to
ensure that machine elements can withstand cyclic loading
and avoid premature failure.
Safety and Reliability: Ensuring the safety and reliability of
machine elements is paramount. Components must be
designed to operate within specified safety margins and
adhere to industry standards and regulations.
Manufacturability: Considering the ease and cost of
manufacturing is a critical aspect of design. Designers must
choose manufacturing processes that can produce the
desired geometry and properties while being cost-effective.
Assembly and Maintenance: Designing machine elements
with ease of assembly and maintenance in mind facilitates
the construction and upkeep of the entire system. This
involves considering factors like tolerances, clearances, and
accessibility for maintenance tasks.
Cost Optimization: Balancing performance requirements
with cost considerations is a fundamental aspect of machine
element design. Designers must strive to achieve the desired
functionality within budget constraints.
(ii) In machine element design, explain the following terms: safety factor,
misalignment, overhauling of screw and self-locking screw.

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 safety factor: A safety factor, also known as a safety
margin or factor of safety (FoS), is a numerical value
that represents the degree of additional capacity or
tolerance designed into a system or structure to ensure
that it operates safely under various conditions. It is
commonly used in engineering, construction, and
design to account for uncertainties, variations, and
unexpected loads.

 Misalignment: the condition of being out of correct


position or improperly adjusted: bad or incorrect
alignment. An arrangement in which the parts of a
machine or structure do not fit together correctly,
which causes problems.
 overhauling of screw and self-locking: In the above
expression, if θ < α, then torque required to lower the
load will be negative. In other words, the load will start
moving downward without the application of any
torque. Such a condition is known as over hauling of
screws. If however, θ > α, the torque required to lower
the load will be positive, indicating that an effort is
applied to lower the load. Such a screw is known as
self-locking screw. In other words, a screw will be self-
locking if the friction angle is greater than helix angle

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or coefficient of friction is greater than tangent of helix
angle i.e. µ or tan φ > tan α.
Question three 10/marks
Based on the figure (1) below, deeply prove how the effort required
to raise and lower Load by Square Threaded Screws always equal to
the below equations: P  W tan(   ) and P  W tan(   ) .

Figure.1 Screw jack

Answer

For raising case

Force acting on the screw

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For lowering case

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Question four/5marks
Based on the Figure.2 below, two steel rods are connected by a cotter joint. If
the shearing strength of the steel used in the rods and the cotter is 150 MN/m2,
estimate which part of the joint is more prone to shearing failure.

Answer

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Solution

Shearing failure may occur in the following ways:

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Figure.2

Question five /5marks


(i) Based on the Figure.3 below, A lever is keyed to a shaft 4 cm in
diameter, the width of the key being 1.25 cm and its length 5cm. What
load P can be applied at an arm of a = 1m if the average shearing stress
in the key is not to exceed 60 MN/m2? /2.5marks

Figure 3

Answer

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(ii) In machine element design what could be the Key characteristics of
bearings system. /2.5 marks

The key characteristics of bearing system includes:

1. Reducing Friction:

This reduction in friction is achieved by introducing rolling elements


(such as balls or rollers) or sliding surfaces, which are typically
separated by a lubricant.

2. Supporting Loads:

loads (parallel to the shaft). The type of bearing and its design determine
the capacity to carry loads and the direction in which the loads are
supported.

3. Enabling Rotation:

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machinery, bearings allow shafts to turn with minimal resistance,
enabling the smooth and efficient operation of equipment.

4. Absorbing Shock and Vibration:

ons generated during


operation, protecting the surrounding components and improving the
overall stability of the machine.

5. Providing Precise Motion:

e and controlled
motion, making them suitable for applications requiring precise
positioning or alignment.

End

Skills for a better destiny. CAT

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