PREPARATION PAPER PHYSICS XII - BIEK

CHAPTER 11
Section B
1. Define thermal expansion. prove that = 1/3 (2021, 2019, 2016)
2. What happens to the temperature of a room in which an air conditioner is left running on a table in the middle of the
room? (2014)
3. Define the co-efficient of linear and cubical expansion. prove that = 1/3 (2013)
4. It is observed that when a mercury bulb of glass thermometer is put in flame, the column of mercury first descends and
then rises. Explain it. (2012)
5. Write down the wo statements of second law of thermodynamics and prove their equivalence. (2018, 2010)
6. Show that average translational kinetic energy per molecule of a gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature.
(2009)
7. Why is the specific heat at constant pressure is greater than specific heat at constant volume? (2009)
8. What is linear thermal expansion. How does the concept of linear thermal expansion help the fabrication of bimetallic
strips? (2023, 2009)
9. Using the relation P = 1/3 , deduce the expression of the Boyle's and Charles’s law. (2008)
10. Define heat capacity and specific heat and molar capacity heat. Write down the mathematical equations and their
units. Establish the relation between molar specific heat and common specific heat. (2007)
Section C
1. Derive the expression for pressure of an ideal gas in terms of its density and mean square speed. (2022, 2017, 2014,
2012, 2010, 2009, 2007)
2. Describe Carnot’s cycle and derive an expression for the efficiency of Carnot’s heat engine. (2021, 2019,2016,
2014, 2011, 2007)
3. State the first law of thermodynamics and explain on its basis (i) Isobaric process (ii) Isothermal process. (iii) Isochoric
process (iv) Adiabatic process (2023, 2015)
4. Write down the wo statements of second law of thermodynamics. On the basis of the first law of thermodynamics
explain isobaric process and derive its equation. (2013)
5. Using the first law of thermodynamics in two isotherms of an ideal gas at different temperatures, show that Cp -Cv =
R. (2018, 2010, 2009)
Solved Examples: 11.2 to 11.5 Problems: 11.1 to 11.11
Past Papers:
1. A meter bar of steel is correct at 0°C and another at –2.5°C what will be the difference between their lengths at 30oC?
(For steel α= 1.1 x 10–5 oC–1). (2.75 x 10–5m)
2. A glass flask is filled to the ‘mark’ with 60 cm of mercury at 20°C. If the flask and its contents are heated to 40°C,
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how much mercury will be above the mark? α for glass = 9 x 10–6/°C and β for mercury = 182x10–6/°C.
(0.186 cm3)
3. A cylinder of diameter 1cm at 30°C is to be slid in to a hole in a steel plate. The hole has a diameter of 0.99970 cm at
30°C.To what temperature must the plate be heated? (57.28 oC)
4. A heat engine performs work 0.4166 watts for one hour and rejects 4500J of heat energy to the sink. What is the
efficiency of the engine? (25%)
5. A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is 200°K has an efficiency of 50%. It is desired to increase this to
75%. By how many degrees must the temperature be decreased, if higher temperature of the reservoir remains
constant? (100K)
6. The difference of temperature between a hot and a cold body is 120 oC. If the heat engine is 30% efficient, find the
temperature of the hot and cold body.
7. 1200 joules of heat energy are supplied to the system at constant pressure. The internal energy of the system is
increased by 750 joules and the volume by 4.5 cubic meters; find the work done against piston and the pressure on the
piston. (450J, 100N/m2)
8. If one mole of mono-atomic gas is heated at constant pressure from –30°C to 20°C, find the change in its internal
energy and the work done during the process. CP = 20.8 J/mole K,CV = 12.5J/mole K
(625 J, 415 J)

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 9. 10kg of water falls through a height of 854m and all the energy is effective in heating the water. To what temperature
will the water be raised if it was initially at 20°C? (21.99°C)
10. Find the r.m.s speed of the nitrogen molecules at 27°C. Given the mass of Nitrogen molecule to be 4.67x10–26 Kg, k =
1.38 x 10–23J/K (515.71m/s)
11. Show that for a mono-atomic gas Cp = 5/2 R, where the symbols Cp and R have their usual meanings
12. 540 calories of heat is required to vaporize 1gm of water at 100°C. Determine the entropy change involved in
vaporizing 5 gm of water. (1 calories = 4.2 joules) (30.40 J/K)
13. A Carnot engine works between temperatures 8000C and 4000C. If source temperature is increased by 500C or sink
temperature is decreased by 500C then which will cause greater efficiency?

CHAPTER 12
Section B
1. Define the potential gradient. Derive mathematical relation between electric field intensity and potential difference.
(2017,2015)
2. Prove that . Name the physical quantity. (2018, 2016, 2013)
3. Derive the expression for the equivalent capacitance when three capacitors are connected in series or in parallel. (2016)
4. Explain electric flux. Under what conditions is the flux through a surface (i) Zero (ii) Maximum? (2023, 2015, 2007)
5. Define potential difference and electromotive force, both are measured in volts. What is the difference between these
concepts? (2010, 2008)
6. What is meant by equipotential surface? Describe two properties of equipotential surface. (2019)
7. Define electric field intensity and electric potential. Derive relation ⃗ . (2022)
Section C
1. What is meant by the capacitance of a capacitor? Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
when (a) air exists between the plates (b) A dielectric is introduced between the plates. Also prove that the ratio of both
capacitances is equal to dielectric constant εr. (2023, 2021, 2019, 2017, 2015, 2011, 2008)
2. State Gauss' law. Derive an expression for the electric field intensity at a point close to infinitely large sheet having
uniform positive charge distribution. (2022, 2018, 2016, 2014, 2010, 2008)
3. What is a compound capacitor? Derive an expression for its capacitance, if the space between the plates is partially
filled with a slab of dielectric. (2013)
4. State Gauss' law and apply it to determine the electric intensity due to a uniformly charged metallic sphere at point P
lying outside the charged sphere. (2012)
Solved Examples: 12.3 to 12.6, 12.8 &12.10
Problems: 12.1 to 12.3, 12.5, 12.6, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12, 12.16, 12.17, 12.19, 12.20 & 12.22
Past Papers:
1. An oil drop having a mass of 0.002kg and charge equal to 6 electron’s charge is suspended stationary in a uniform
electric field. Find the intensity of electric field. (Charge of electron = 1.6 x 10–19C)
(2.04 x 1016 V/m)
2. Two horizontal parallel metallic plates, separated by a distance of 0.5cm are connected with a battery of 10 volts. Find:
 The electric field intensity between the plates.
 The force on a proton placed between the plates. (2000V/m, 3.2x10–16 N)
3. A thin sheet of positive charge attracts a light charged sphere having a charge –5x10–6 C with a force 1.69N. Calculate
the surface charge density of the sheet. (Єo = 8.85x 10–12 C2/Nm2)
(5.98x10–6coul/m2)
4. An alpha particle of charge 3.2 x 10 -19 C and mass 6.68 x 10- 27 kg is held motionless between two horizontal parallel
plates separated by 10 cm. Find the potential difference between the plates.
5. An electron has a speed of 106 m/s. Find its energy in electron volts. (2.8125eV)
6. Prove that 1 Volt/ metre = 1 Newton/ coulomb, name the physical quantity.
7. How many electrons should be removed from each of the two similar spheres each of 10 gm, so that electrostatic
repulsion is balanced by the gravitational force? (5.39 x 106 electrons)
8. How many excess electrons must be placed on each of the two small spheres placed 3.0cm apart if the force of
repulsion between the spheres is 10–19N? (625 electrons)

9. Two capacitors of capacitance 400µF and 600µF are charged to the potential difference of 300volts & 400volts
respectively. They are then connected in parallel. What will be the resultant potential difference and charge on each
capacitor? (360V, 0.144C, 0.216C)
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 10. A parallel plate capacitor has the plates 10cm x 10cm separated by a distance of 2.5cm. It is initially filled with air,
what will be the increase in its capacitance if a dielectric slab of the same area and thickness 2.5cm is placed between
the two plates? (Take ЄR = 2) (3.54pF)

CHAPTER 13
Section B
1. Define temperature co-efficient of resistance. Derive the expression for temperature co-efficient of resistance. (2017)
2. How does the temperature affect the resistance of a conductor? Derive an expression for the resistance of the conductor
at toC. (2016)
3. How is the resistance of a metallic conductor affected by variation temperature? (2018, 2013, 2011)
4. On what factors the resistance of a conductor at given temperature depends. Derive relevant formula. (2022)
Section C
1. State ohm’s law. Show that for a balanced Wheatstone bridge . (2018, 2014)
Solved Examples: 13.1, 13.7 & 13.8 Problems: 13.2, 13.3, 13.5, 13.10, 13.11, 13.12, 13.13, 13.14, 13.17 to 13.21
Past Papers:
1. The resistance of a platinum thermometer is 200 ohms a 00C and 257.6 ohms when immersed in hot bath. What is the
temperature of the bath? (α = 0.00392 °C–1) (73.5 oC)
2. A rectangular block of iron has the dimensions 1.2cmx1.2cmx15cm.
(i) What is the resistance of the opposite square ends?
(ii) What is the resistance between two of the rectangular faces?
(The resistivity for iron at room temperature is 9.6x10–8m) (1 x 10–7, 6.4 x10–8)
3. You are given three resistors each of 2 ohms. How would you arrange these resistors to obtain the equivalent
resistances of (i) 1.33 ohms (ii) 3 ohms (iii) 6 ohms? Also prove the result mathematically.

CHAPTER 14
Section B
2. Derive an expression for the force experienced by a current carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field.
(2023,2017, 2015, 2014, 2011, 2008)
3. Prove mathematically that the radius of circular path for charge moving in magnetic field is given as r=mvsin /qB.
(2018, 2014, 2010)
4. Define motional EMF and derive the relevant formula. (2014, 2012, 2007)
5. What is transformer? Name its components and describe is working. (2019, 2011)
6. Explain self-induction and derive an expression for self-inductance. Give its unit. (2009)
Section C
1. State Ampere’s law. Use it to derive the relation for the magnetic field of induction B at any point inside a current
carrying toroid. (2017, 2008)
2. What is transformer? Writes its types. With the help of a clear diagram, give its construction and working and derive
the relevant expression. (2023, 2021, 2016, 2008)
3. State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction. Explain mutual induction and derive an expression for mutual
inductance. (2016, 2014, 2012, 2007)
4. State Ampere’s law. Use it to derive the relation for the magnetic field of induction B at any point inside a current
carrying Solenoid. (2022, 2015, 2013, 2010, 2009)
5. Describe the method of determining the ratio of charge to mass (e/m) of an electron. Derive the relevant mathematical
expression. (2018,2015, 2012)
6. State Coulomb’s, Ampere’s and Gauss’ laws and explain the phenomenon of mutual induction. (2011)
7. Give the principle, construction and working of AC generator with neat diagram.
Solved Examples: 14.6 & 14.8 Problems: 14.1 to 14.6, 14.8, 14.11 to 15

Past Papers:
1. A current of 2 amperes is passing through a solenoid. If the solenoid has 24 turns per cm of its length, find the value of
B. (6.03x10–3 web/m2)
2. The inner and the outer diameters of the toroid are 22cm and 26cm. If a current of 5.0 amp is passed which produces
0.025 tesla flux density inside the core, find the approximate length of the wire wound on the toroid. ( µo = 4π x 10 –
7
Wb/A-m). (188.4m)
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 3. A step-down transformer reduces 1100V to 220V. The power output is 12.5KW and overall efficiency of the
transformer is 90%. The primary winding has 1000 turns. How many turns do the secondary have? What is the power
input? What is the current in each coil?
(200 turns, 13.8 x 103 Watt, 12.6A, 56.81A)
4. A train is moving directly towards south with a uniform speed of 10m/s, if the vertical component of the earth’s
magnetic field induction is 5.4x10–5 Tesla. Compute the e.m.f. induced in the axle 1.2m long.
(6.48x10–4 volts)
5. An airplane is flying in a region where the vertical component of earth’s magnetic field is 3.2x10–4T. If the wingspan
of the airplane is 50m and its velocity is 360 km/hour, find the potential difference between the tips of the wing of
airplane. (1.6V)
6. A 10eV electron is moving in a circular orbit in a uniform magnetic field of strength 10-4weber/m2. Calculate the
radius of the circular path. (0.107m)
7.  particles are accelerated from rest at a P.D. of 1 KV. They then enter a magnetic field B=0.2T perpendicular to their
direction. Calculate the radius. Given m = 6.68 x 10–27 kg & q = 2e. (0.032m)
8. A 500-turn coil in A.C. Generator having an area of 1000 cm2 rotates in a magnetic field of value 50 Tesla. In order to
generate 220 volts maximum, how fast is the coil to be rotated? Express your answer in terms of the number of
revolutions per second. (0.088 rad/sec, 0.014rev/s)

CHAPTER 15
Section B
1. How is galvanometer is converted into voltmeter? Give the related mathematical expression. (2019, 2016)
2. How is galvanometer is converted into ammeter? Give the related mathematical expression. (2018, 2014)
3. How does a balanced Wheatstone bridge lead to the relation . Prove mathematically. (2023, 2012)
Section C
1. Explain the function of the various parts of a moving coil galvanometer and prove that the amount of current flowing is
directly proportional to the angle of twist of the suspension. (2022, 2021, 2019,2017, 2015, 2013, 2011, 2009)
2. State ohm’s law. Show that for a balanced Wheatstone bridge . (2018, 2014)
3. Describe Wheatstone bridge. Prove that for a balanced Wheatstone bridge . (2010, 2008)
Problems: 15.1 to 15.5, 15.7
Past Papers:
1. A maximum 50 milli-ampere current can be allowed to flow through a 19.8ohm coil of a galvanometer. The
galvanometer is to be used to measure 5-ampere maximum current. Calculate the length of a copper wire to be used as
a shunt. The diameter of the wire is 4mm; the specific resistance of copper is 1.6 x 10–8 ohm-m. (0.2, 157.1m)

CHAPTER 16
Section B
1. What is transistor? Why is it so called? Show diagrammatically the battery connection to pnp transistor and npn
transistor for its normal working. (2021, 2017, 2009)
2. What is semiconductor diode? With the help of a diagram, explain the working of a full wave rectifier. (2022, 2013,
2008)
3. What is semiconductor diode? What is rectification? How is it used for half wave rectification? (2023, 2012)
4. What is PN junction. Explain the formation of potential barrier in PN junction. (2011, 2010)
5. Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. (2008)

6. How are p-type and n-type semiconductors made? Explain with the help of a diagram, the forward and reverse biasing
of pn-junction. (2007)
7. What is meant by rectification? How does the semiconductor diode work as a half wave rectifier? (2018)
8. What is meant by conduction band and forbidden gap? Why does the resistance of a semiconductor decrease with
temperature? (2019)
Problems: 16.1 to 16.

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 CHAPTER 17
Section B
1. Give the assumptions of special theory of relativity and discuss anyone of the results obtained. (2014)
2. What are black body and black body radiations? State the laws governing the black body radiation. Give their
mathematical expressions. (2019)
Section C
3. What are inertial and non-inertial frames of references? Also give the consequences of the special theory of relativity.
(2021, 2017)
4. What is Compton’s effect? Derive an expression for the Compton shift in the wavelength. (2022, 2018, 2016, 2014,
2012, 2009)
5. What is photoelectric effect? Explain its important results. Also, Einstein’s photoelectric equation. (2023, 2019, 2015,
2013, 2011, 2008)
6. What are black body and black body radiations? State the laws governing the black body radiation. Give their
mathematical expressions. (2007)
Solved Examples: 17.3, 17.6, 17.7, 17.9, 17.12, 17.14
Problems: 17.2, 17.3, 17.5, 17.6, 17.1, 17.10, 17.12, 17.13, 17.14, 17.15, 17.18 & 17.20
Past Papers:
1. A 50 m trailer is moving with relativistic speed. It passes over a bridge of length 40m. To an observer at rest with
respect to the bridge at one instant, the trailer seems to overlap the bridge i.e. the ends of the trailer seem to coincide
with the ends of bridge. Find the speed of the trailer.
(1.8x108m/s)
2. Find the relativistic speed at which the kinetic energy of a particle of rest mass mo becomes doubles its rest mass
energy. Given mo = 1.67x10–27 Kg. Also calculate:
Rest mass energy Kinetic energy Total energy (939.375MeV, 1878.75MeV, 2818.125 MeV)
3. Estimate the relativistic mass and the wavelength associated with an electron moving at 0.9c.
(2.087 x 10–30kg, 1.176 x 10–12 m)
4. The work function of certain metal is 3.03eV. When this metal is illuminated by the infrared light of 1.2x1015 Hz. Find
the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons. (1.9725eV)
5. The work function of a photo emissive surface is 4.0eV. What will be the velocity of fastest photoelectrons emitted
from it by an accident light of frequency 3.0x1015 Hz. (1.722x106 m/s)
6. The range of visible light is 4000Ao to 7000Ao. Will photoelectrons be emitted by a copper surface of work function
4.4eV, when illuminated by visible light? Give the mathematical proof of your answer.
7. In Compton Scattering process the fractional change in wavelength of X-Rays Photon is 1% at an angle 120o; find the
wavelength of X – rays used in this experiment. (3.63 x 10–10 m)

CHAPTER 18
Section B
1. What is meant by the term’s laser metastable state and population inversion? (2017, 2008)
2. Discuss the principle of production of Laser light. (2014)
3. State Bohr’s postulates for hydrogen atom. (2014)
4. Why does hydrogen spectrum contain a large number of spectral lines although it has only one electron? (2011)
5. Differentiate between the principle of production of laser and light from an incandescent bulb. Also give their
characteristics. (2010)

Section C
1. State the basic postulates of Bohr’s atomic theory of hydrogen atom. Derive the expression for the radius of the nth
orbit of hydrogen atom hence show that the ratio of radius of the third orbit to that of the second orbit is 2.25. (2021,
2019, 2017, 2015, 2012, 2010, 2009)
2. State the basic postulates of Bohr’s atomic theory of hydrogen atom. Using Bohr’s atomic theory derive expressions
for the following: (2016)
 The energy of an electron in nth orbit of hydrogen atom given
 The wavelength of photons emitted in the hydrogen spectrum.
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 3. State the basic postulates of Bohr’s atomic theory of hydrogen atom. Using Bohr’s atomic theory derive expressions
for the following: (2023, 2022, 2019, 2013, 2007)
 The energy of an electron in nth orbit of hydrogen atom given
 The wavelength of photons emitted in the hydrogen spectrum.
Solved Examples: 18.2 to 18.4
Problems: 18.3, 18.4, 18.7, 18.8 & 18.10
Past Papers:
1. A blood corpuscle has diameter about 9 x 10–6 m. In which excited orbit should a hydrogen atom so that it is just about
as big as the blood corpuscle. (291)
2. Find the wavelength of light which is capable of ionizing a hydrogen atom. (911.5A°)
3. The energy of an electron in an excited hydrogen atom is –3.4 eV. Calculate the angular momentum of the electron
according to Bohr’s Theory. (2.1 x 10–34Js)
4. Find the value of shortest and the longest wavelength of emitted photon in hydrogen spectra in Balmer series. (Rydberg
constant = 1.097 x107 m-1) (3646Ao, 6563 Ao)

CHAPTER 19
Section B
1. How is the chain reaction controlled in a nuclear reactor? (2013)
2. Do alpha, beta and gamma rays come from the same element? Why are all these three found in many radioactive
substances? (2012, 2010)
3. In how many ways can gamma rays produce ionization of atoms? Explain. (2011)
4. Define nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions. How can the fission chain reaction be controlled? Name the
process which produces energy in the sun and in nuclear reactor. (2011)
5. Give at least three properties of α-particles, β-particles and γ- rays. (2018)
Section C
1. What is nuclear fission? Explain fission chain reaction. How are the moderators used to control fission in the nuclear
reactors? (2014, 2008)
2. Define radioactivity. Explain the law of radioactive decay. Write the equation showing the change in the parent nuclei
by alpha, beta and gamma decay. (2023, 2019, 2011)
3. What is the half-life of radioactive nuclei? State the law of decay and give the relation between the decay constant and
the half-life. (2009)
Solved Examples: 19.4 to 19.6 Problems: 19.2, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6 & 19.10
Past Papers:
1. Find the binding energy and packing fraction (B.E per neucleon) of 52Te126.
Given that: mp=1.0078U mn=1.0086U mTe=125.9033U 1U=931.5MeV
2. A deuteron (3.3431 x 10–27 kg) is formed when a proton (1.6724 x 10–27 kg) and a neutron (1.6748 x 10–27) combine;
calculate the mass defect and binding energy (in MeV). (4.2 x 10–30 kg, 2.36MeV)

CHAPTER 20
Section B
1. Name a device for making the path of ionizing particles and rays visible and describe it’s working. (2017, 2015, 2013)
2. Explain why the photograph of the path of alpha particles is thick and made up of continuous lines where as that of
beta particles is thin and made up of broken lines in the Wilson cloud chamber? (2012)
Section C
1. Give the principle, construction and working of Geiger Muller counter. (2018, 2016, 2014, 2010)
2. Give the principle, construction and working of Wilson cloud chamber. (2022, 2021, 2019, 2008)