CHAPTER ONE.......................................................................................................................................

1
1.2 BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER TWO......................................................................................................................................3
RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................3
2.1 1.5 AIMS................................................................................................................................3
1.6 OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER THREE....................................................................................................................................4
OPERATIONS OF INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE..........................................................................4
3.1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................................................8
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE..........................................................................8
CHAPTER FIVE.......................................................................................................................................9
`INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE TO BASIC SCHOOLS AND ITS
IMPORTANCE....................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER SIX..................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................11
 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter focused on the background of the study, the problem statement, and significance

of the study, the aim, and the specific objectives of the study.

1.2 BACKGROUND

The process of transforming or converting information into a meaningful form is known as

information processing. Information is data that has been processed, structured, or

categorised to be valuable to the recipient. Information is processed data that can be used

alone or in combination with other data or information. Based on the information received,

the receiver takes action and makes decisions. To extract meaning from collected data, it

must be processed, and this meaning is obtained in the form of information. The information

processing cycle is a sequence of events consisting of input, processing, storage &

output(Information Processing Cycle - Computer Basics, n.d.).

For a computer to conduct useful work, the computer has to receive instructions and data

from the outside world. The input stage of the information processing cycle is marked by the

computer’s action of receiving data. When proper instructions are applied to data, useful

information is produced. During the processing stage of the information processing cycle,

instructions are applied to data. Computers can preserve information to prevent having to re-

enter data and instructions or reprocess it. During the STORAGE step of the information

processing cycle, data is saved on a computer. During the Storage step of the information

processing cycle, data is saved on a computer. The result is then displayed in the OUTPUT
stage. The Computer Processing Cycle is a comparable procedure in which data is given to a

computer and has similar steps(Information Processing Cycle (with Diagram) | Computer

Application, n.d.-a).

DATA

Data is simply raw and unprocessed information, any numbers, letters or symbols that can be

entered into a computer system. Data is information translated into binary digital form, as it

relates to today's computers and transmission devices. It is allowed to use data as either a

solitary or plural subject. The term "raw data" refers to data in its most basic digital version.

The work of Claude Shannon, an American mathematician renowned as the "Father of

Information Theory," laid the foundation for the concept of data in computers. He pioneered

binary digital notions based on electronic circuits using two-value Boolean logic. The CPUs,

semiconductor memory, and disk drives, as well as many of the peripheral devices used in

computing today, are all based on binary digit representations. Punch cards were used as

early computer input for both control and data, followed by magnetic tape and the hard

drive(Information Processing Cycle (with Diagram) | Computer Application, n.d.-a).

INFORMATION

The term "information" refers to data that has been processed and is useful to people. To

generate knowledge, information can be further processed and/or modified. Knowledge is

information that contains wisdom. For example, digits on a report card are regarded as

information; similarly, statistics, when placed in a report or used in a context, provide an

insight. The information gathered during surveys is useless until it is processed. To collect

data that can be processed to provide helpful insight, good questionnaires and surveys are

created. Another example is tabular data: if a table is created without using the available data,

it may not convey the intended message; nevertheless, when data mapping is used to generate
graphs and charts, it becomes information. As a result, information processing is

critical(Information Processing Cycle - the Ict Book, n.d.).

CHAPTER TWO

RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES

2.1 1.5 AIMS

This study aims to determine the relevance and the real-life application of the information

processing cycle

1.6 OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this study are to:

1. Determine the relevance of the information processing cycle

2. Determine the operations of the information processing cycle

3. To highlight the real-life applications of the information processing cycle

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1) What are the stages involved in the information processing cycle?

2) What are some real-life applications of the information processing cycle?

3) What is the relevance of the information processing cycle at school?

 CHAPTER THREE

OPERATIONS OF INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

(Information Processing Cycle (with Diagram) | Computer Application, n.d.-b)

1. Input: The computer receives data and instructions
2. Process: The computer applies instructions to data to produce information (organized Data)
3. Storage: Saving the information for subsequent use or use in future
4. Output: The computer sends information to people in a usable format.

Input – Entering data into the computer

The acquired raw data is fed into the cycle to be processed. This is the raw data that is

provided for processing and information retrieval.

Keyboards, mice, flatbed scanners, barcode readers, joysticks, digital data tablets (for

graphical drawing), electronic cash registers, and other devices can be used for input.

Processing – Performing operations on the data

Once the raw data has been delivered, it is processed using an appropriate or chosen

processing method. This is the most important phase since it enables the production of the

processed data, which will be used later.

A computer's CPU (Central Processing Unit) is responsible for the processing. The CPU is

the most important component for completing the tasks.

Storage – Saving data in a soft/physical form

This is the result, and the raw data from the first stage has now been "processed," and the data

is now usable and informative, and it is no longer referred to as data.

External hard disks, inbuilt hard disks, pen drives, micro SD cards, compact disks, and even

registers can be used for storage.

Output – Results obtained, i.e., information

This is the result, and the raw data from the first stage has now been "processed," and the data

is now usable and informative, and it is no longer referred to as data. This could be utilized

for data visualization in the future(Information Processing Cycle (with Diagram) | Computer

Application, n.d.-b).

This can be utilized as is or combined with additional data for further processing.
(Information Processing Cycle (with Diagram) | Computer Application, n.d.-b).
 CHAPTER FOUR

APPLICATION OF INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE

 CHAPTER FIVE

`INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE TO BASIC

SCHOOLS AND ITS IMPORTANCE.
When executing skills, the information processing system focuses on how we deal with a

large amount of information available to us. It also compares our systems to those of a

computer in order to help us comprehend the many techniques we might use to manipulate

data, which is crucial for properly performing a task.

Information processing aids performers in identifying significant cues through selective

attention, resulting in increased movement reactions and, in turn, a good conclusion. If we

practice tactics to assist us to store more knowledge in our long-term memory, we will have a

better chance of achieving our goals.

Memory plays a vital role in information processing, especially when we rely on previous

experiences to understand information. The way memory interacts with other processes in the

information processing model demonstrates its importance(An Introduction to Information

Processing System , Memory and Its Role in Sports. - BelievePerform - The UK’s Leading

Sports Psychology Website, n.d.).

The other steps of the information processing cycle are intertwined with communication.

Each step in the cycle occurs because one of the previous steps occurred before it, implying

that they are interconnected. The communication portion of the information processing cycle

is represented by this connection. The link between input and output is the most evident part

of this. Input and output are practically instantaneous (for example typing a letter on a

keyboard makes it appear almost immediately on a screen). This is how the user and the

computer communicate. Communication can then be sent to other machines across a network.

Take a look at how you use the internet. The internet is a vast network of computers
connected all over the world. When you open your browser, it links you to those other

computers, which then communicate with one another to provide you with the information

you require. Computers connected by a network can also communicate with one another.

Computers connected to a company's internet or a server are examples of this (1.1

Information Processing Cycle | General Concepts of Computing | Siyavula, n.d.). This

enables the wide sharing of course materials, impromptu information from tutors to student

and having class sessions or tutorials via the internet using devices that operates using the

principle of operations of the information processing cycle.

Using your smartphone to send a WhatsApp message To get started, open WhatsApp and

type your message using the touch keyboard (this is input, output and communication). Your

WhatsApp application talks with the servers to transmit the message and displays it in the

current chat after you tap SEND (this is communication, processing and output). On your

phone, your friend's phone, and the WhatsApp server, the software saves a record of the

discussion (this is storage).

 CHAPTER SIX

CONCLUSION

This study provided in-depth insight into the information processing cycle highlighting the

stages involved in the information processing cycle, some real-life applications of the

information processing cycle and the relevance of the information processing cycle at school.

The findings of this project give us an in-depth understanding of the difference between

information and data. How data goes through four operational phases to become a piece of

information to communicate to a recipient. It also talks about how we can find the principle

of the information processing cycle in our everyday lives such as using apps to share or

communicate with friends around the world, receiving course materials and notes from tutors

and holding seminars or classes online, illustrating the importance for the introduction at

basic schools.
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