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Prolog 02

The document discusses Prolog syntax, equality, arithmetic, structures, lists, recursion, and mapping. It covers these topics over multiple slides with examples to illustrate Prolog concepts and how it can be used to represent and solve problems.

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Mohamed Adel
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© © All Rights Reserved
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14 views

Prolog 02

The document discusses Prolog syntax, equality, arithmetic, structures, lists, recursion, and mapping. It covers these topics over multiple slides with examples to illustrate Prolog concepts and how it can be used to represent and solve problems.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Adel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGIC

Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 1

Lecture 2: Prolog as a language

16-Feb-17
Ahmed Sallam
Slides based on original lecture slides Dr. Temur Kutsia
Prolog as Language
2Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Syntax
Equality
Arithmetic
Satisfying Goals
Structures and Trees
Lists
Recursive Search
Mapping
Syntax
3Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Terms:
 constant
 Variable
 structure
Constants
4Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Non-Constants
5Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Variables
6Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Structures
7Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

 Collection of Objects, Components, grouped together in one


object.
 Help Organize.
 Make code more readable.
Structures
8Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Example: Index Card for Library


 Author’s Name
 Title
 Date
 Publisher
 Name could be split also first, last, etc.
Examples
9Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Questions
10Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Prolog as Language
11Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Syntax
Equality
Arithmetic
Satisfying Goals
Structures and Trees
Lists
Recursive Search
Mapping
Equality
12Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Example: Instantiated
13Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Example: Symbols
14Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Arguments Instantiated
15Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Arguments Instantiated
16Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Equality
17Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Prolog as Language
18Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Syntax
Equality
Arithmetic
Satisfying Goals
Structures and Trees
Lists
Recursive Search
Mapping
Arithmetic Comparisons
19Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Arithmetic
20Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Example
21Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Runs
22Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Who was a Prince When
23Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Invalid Question
24Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Arithmetic Operations
25Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Calculating
26Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Questions
27Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Questions
28Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Prolog as Language
29Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Syntax
Equality
Arithmetic
Satisfying Goals
Structures and Trees
Lists
Recursive Search
Mapping
How Prolog Answers Questions
30Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Matching
31Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
How Is this Matched
32Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Prolog as Language
33Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Syntax
Equality
Arithmetic
Satisfying Goals
Structures and Trees
Lists
Recursive Search
Mapping
Representing Structures as Trees
34Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Representing Structures as Trees
35Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Parsing
36Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Parsing
37Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Parsing
38Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Prolog as Language
39Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Syntax
Equality
Arithmetic
Satisfying Goals
Structures and Trees
Lists
Recursive Search
Mapping
Lists
40Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Lists
41Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Lists as Trees
42Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
List Manipulation
43Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Head and Tail
44

Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17


Unifying Lists
45

Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17


Strings are Lists
46Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Membership in a List
47Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Membership in a List (Example)
48Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

a. member(X,[X|_]).
b. member(X,[_|Y]):-member(X,Y).
------------
? member(4, [1,2,4,-5,6,8]). T
1.a member(4, [1|[2,4,-5,6,8]]). F
1.b member(4,[_|[2,4,-5,6,8]]):- 2. member(4,[2,4,-
5,6,8]). T
2.a member(4,[2|[4,-5,6,8]]. F
2.b member(4,[_|4,-5,6,8]):- 3. member(4,[4,-5,6,8]). T
3.a member(4,[4|[-5,6,8]]). T
3.b member ().
Prolog as Language
49Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Syntax
Equality
Arithmetic
Satisfying Goals
Structures and Trees
Lists
Recursive Search
Mapping
Recursion
50Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Member Success
51Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Member Failure
52Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Member. Questions
53Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Recursion. Termination Problems
54Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Recursion. Termination Problems
55Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Prolog as Language
56Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

Syntax
Equality
Arithmetic
Satisfying Goals
Structures and Trees
Lists
Recursive Search
Mapping
Mapping?
57Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Mapping a Sentence to Another
58Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Mapping a Sentence. P ROLOG Program
59Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17
Boundary Conditions
60Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 16-Feb-17

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