Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

SUBJECT: UNDERSTSANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Title: Concept, Characteristics and Forms of Stratification Systems

Name of Learner: ____________________________________

Grade Level: 12
Strand/Track: Humanities and Social Sciences/Academic Track
Section: ____________________________________
Date: January 25-29, 2021

A. Background Information for Learners

The module is about the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems using
sociological perspectives.

B. Learning Competency with code

Examine the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems using sociological
perspectives

C. Directions/ Instructions
While accomplishing the activities, you are expected to:
1. Attain the expected learning competency specified below.
2. Use this learning activity sheet cautiously. Answer it in a separate sheet.
3. Pay attention on the instructions given in each learning tasks.
4. Read and analyze the texts and activities written on it with understanding. You can message
your teacher for further instruction on each learning activities.
5. Enjoy doing while learning! Manage your time wisely.

D. Exercises / Activities
Day 1
D.1. INTRODUCTION
a. What I need to know?
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. identify the concept of stratification using a pyramid of social classes;
2. compare and contrast the characteristics of two forms of stratification systems using a
Venn diagram;
3. identify social mobility and social inequality in understanding stratification systems in
sociological perspectives; and

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

4. view stratification systems as a way for social mobility and a reason of social inequality in
the society

Day 2
D.2. DEVELOPMENT
a. What I know
Activity 1. Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully and encircle the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
1. Does social stratification persist across generations?
a. No, because everyone believes he or she belongs to a social class already.
b. Yes, stratification serves to categorize and rank members of society across generations
resulting in different life chances
c. Yes, because it shows up in every society in the world but how exactly it looks like vary
from society to society
d. No, it does not affect any generation in any parts of the world

2. How do you describe a caste system?

a. It is an open system of stratification requiring the element of meritocracy for social mobility.
b. It is a close system of stratification in which an individual is restricted to his or her social
class only.
c. It is an open system of stratification with a combination of achieved and ascribed status.
d. Caste system is universal in every society in the world.

3. What important factor is highlighted in class system for some social mobility?
a. Race b. Power c. Meritocracy d. Wealth

4. Which of the following groups belong to the upper class during the Philippine pre-colonial social
stratification?
a. The Maharlika b. The Alipin c. The Timawa d. The Maginoo

5. Which of the following groups belong to the lower class during the Philippine pre-colonial social
stratification?
a. The Maharlika b. The Alipin c. The Timawa d. The Maginoo

6. In class system, is social mobility possible?

a. Yes, because class system has element of meritocracy based on personal achievements
and talents of a person.
b. No, because a man, in any chances, can’t change his or her own social class.
c. No, because of social control restriction based on a set of strong cultural and religious
beliefs. 3
d. No, because class system has no element of meritocracy resulting in an immense social
inequality.
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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

7. Why could social stratification be considered as a form of social belief?

a. Beliefs are universal in every society in the world.
b. Everyone believes that he or she belongs to a social class.
c. Beliefs about social stratification that inform people what it means to deserve wealth,
success or power.
d. It continues from generation to generation in every society.

8. Which of the following is not considered as a social class?

a. Castaways b. Lower class c. Middle class d. Higher class

9. In caste system, is social mobility possible?

a. Yes, because caste system has element of meritocracy that is based on personal
achievements and talents of a person.
b. Yes, because a man, in any chances, can change his or her own social class.
c. No, because of social control restriction based on a set of strong cultural and religious
beliefs.
d. Yes, because anyone can achieve greatness as long as he or she works hard for it.

10. How does social stratification started in the society?

a. As societies evolved and became more complex, it began to elevate some members of the
society through land acquisition and gaining social status.
b. It started when people think that they can afford to invest into material things.
c. It started when a person can buy a lot of foods and drinks for his family.
d. The elements of meritocracy that is based on personal merit and achievement of a person.

11. Which of the following choices best define the concept of social stratification?
a. It refers to people living in immense poverty.
b. It pertains to people in elite category
c. It refers to grouping of social classes base on the factors such as power, wealth, and
prestige.
d. It is the study of indigenous people.

12. Which of these choices gives a broader differentiation between the upper class and lower class?
a. The upper class are those who have fancy cars while the lower class are those who are
less fortunate individuals.
b. The upper class are those elite group of people while the lower class are those
underprivileged who struggled to make ends meet on a daily basis.
c. The lower class are those who seek financial help and support from the government while
the upper class are those business owners.
d. The lower class are those with nothing to invest from while the upper class are those who
can travel the world without worrying for financial stability.

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

13. Why is social stratification be considered as universal but variable?

a. Because everyone is entitled to be part of a social class
b. Because a man, in any chances, can change his/her own social class
c. Because social stratification is based on the factors such as power, wealth and prestige
d. Because it shows up in every society in the world but how exactly it looks like vary from
society to society

14. Which type of status is earned by an individual?

a. Single status b. Ascribed status c. Achieved status d. In a relationship status

15. Which of the following describes the upper class?

a. A person who can afford to buy clothes and shoes
b. A person who do not have enough money to make ends meet
c. A person who owned businesses, and is an investor
d. A person who can buy a lot of foods and drinks for his family

b. What’s In
THE PREVIOUS LESSON
Activity 2. INSTRUCTION. Read the given text below. Then, answer each question properly on the
answer sheet.
A Filipino child, at five years old, can start going to school under the Universal
Kindergarten of Basic Education program. With this, a child can learn alphabet,
numbers, shapes, colors, and parts of the body in their mother tongue and can learn
how to socialize with their peer through dances, songs, games, and storytelling until a
child reaches junior to senior high school wherein a student can learn complex
concepts and theories.
QUESTION 1: Which Philippine educational system agency is being referred by the given text?
Explain the goals of this institution in achieving quality education on basic education level.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

After a child graduates from Grade 12, he/she has to choose whether he/she will
pursue higher education where professionals are being built and molded. This level
holds both the tertiary level, such as any bachelor degree and graduate levels, such
as masters or doctoral degree. This is an avenue for learning different professions
such as doctors, lawyers, IT professionals, educators, engineers, biologists, etc.

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

QUESTION 2: Which Philippine educational system agency is being referred by the

given text? Explain the goals of this institution in achieving quality education on tertiary
and graduate levels.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Every Filipino should not be left behind in terms of education. That is why in the Philippine
educational system, the State provides an avenue for learning and discovery for every citizen who
is not able to go to elementary, high school, or even college. It is through learning and gaining new
skills and knowledge, and being able to complete a set of different lessons, with national certification,
related to masonry, baking, cooking, carpentry, midwifery, etc.
QUESTION 3: Which Philippine educational system agency is being referred by the given text?
Explain the goals of this institution in helping Filipinos achieve their full potential in acquiring skills
and competencies.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
CONNECTING THE PREVIOUS LESSON TO NEW LESSON

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

What do you think is the effect of online learning to different social classes if this type of learning
opportunity becomes standard in Philippine education during the time of COVID-19 pandemic? Write
your insights on the space provided.

c. What’s New
ACTIVITY 3: The Pyramid of Social Classes
INSTRUCTION: In the pyramid of social classes shown below, fill in the boxes to indicate the social
class that is supposed to be placed in each level. Write in the box the corresponding social class
based on the pyramid of social classes.

ACTIVITY 4: The Classes They Belong

INSTRUCTION: After placing each category in the pyramid, it is your turn to categorize the given
personas based on their wealth, power, socio-economic capability, prestige and achievements.
Write your answer on the space provided.

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

c. What is it?
In this part of your journey, we provided something for you to read to deepen your
understanding about the topic.

Please read with comprehension to discover knowledge that will help you out in dealing with
the next phase of your quest.

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

CONCEPT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

Have you ever wondered why people don’t have the same status in life when they were born?
Why are there rich and poor people in the society? Have you ever thought this idea wondering
what if you were born rich? On the other hand, what if you were born poor? What if the society
is some kind of Utopia where everything is just perfect and equal?
Yet, whatever social class one belongs to in a society, it is hope that one may find
reasons to still be grateful, and live a life that is full of opportunities.
The idea of rich and the poor may be too familiar to everyone. It can be seen in Pinoy
teleseryes or Korean dramas that you watched back then, and it can be seen in reality just
like in the society where you are belong. The activities that you encountered a while ago
introduced you to the new lesson which is about categorizing individuals or group of people
based on factors such as power, wealth and prestige. This is called Social Classes and the
layering of these social classes from higher to lower class is called Social Stratification. Social
stratification is defined as the hierarchical arrangement and establishment of social
categories that may evolve into social groups together with statuses and their corresponding
roles in the society (Cordero McDonald, et al., 1995, 380). Let’s take a look on the pyramid
of social classes shown below:

Social stratification is divided into three social classes. At the top of the pyramid is where the
Upper Class. This class in the society is described by the sociologists as elite individuals or
group of people that are most prolific and successful in their respective areas. These people
may be stockholders and investors in very huge well-known companies from different
industries here and abroad. In the second activity earlier, Henry Sy, Sr. and Lucio Tan, Sr.
are both considered elite who belong to the upper class of social stratification. According to
the “List of 50 richest Filipinos in 2014” of Pinoy Money Talk website (as cited by Lanuza and
Raymundo 2016, 109), Henry Sy, Sr. and his family had a net worth of$12.7 billion, while
Lucio Tan, Sr. and his family had a net worth of $6.1 billion. These people may own big
companies and huge mansions here and abroad, mingle with the same class, own fancy
cars, and value wealthy heritage.
Dividing the upper class and lower class is the Middle Class. Middle class are mostly
professional individuals or groups of people like lawyers, doctors, managers, owners of small
businesses in the locality, and executives who work in the corporate world, etc. They are able
to meet both their needs and wants without even worrying about their finances because of
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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

the job and salary they have. They live in spacious houses and situated in best suburbs. Their
income can afford them a comfortable lifestyle. They value education the most since
education to them is the most important measure of social status.
Last but not the least, the lowest part of the pyramid of social classes is where the
Lower Class situated. These are the skilled and unskilled artisan, farm employees,
underemployed, and indigent families. Because of the given status in life,
these people lack revenue or income and educational training or background. Without the
proper education, some of them are jobless or have difficulty to find a job in order to make
ends meet. They also lack support network that could lift them up.
How did stratification system started? Remember the lesson about the earliest form of
human societies. According to the sociologists and anthropologists, in earliest societies,
people shared a common social standing; there was no social class back then.

As societies evolved and became more complex, it began to elevate some members
of the society through land acquisition and social status or social entitlement. In the earliest
civilization, there were kings and priests as the upper class, scribes, merchants and artisans
as the middle class, and slaves as the lower class.

CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEMS

Imagine two extremely wealthy people. One of them inherited their money,
acquiring it through the luck that comes with being born to parents or owners of immense
amounts of property and wealth, while the other person worked for what he/she had. That
person started at the bottom, and through years of hard work and strategic dealing in life was
able to build a business empire of their own. Now, which one would you say deserves the
wealth? Sociologically, the interesting aspect isn’t your answer to the question; it’s the fact
that different societies, in different times and places, have different answers because the
question of what it means to deserve wealth, success, or power, is a matter of social
stratification.

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

Let’s take a look at the different characteristics of social stratification. Social stratification is:

1. Universal but variable. Social stratification is what we are talking about when we talk
about social inequality and social mobility. Society categorizes people and ranks them in a
hierarchy. Everything, from social status, prestige, to the kind of job one holds, or to the
chances of living in poverty, is affected by social stratification. Stratification is universal but
variable because it shows up in every society in the world, but how exactly it looks like, how
it divides and categorizes people, and what the advantages or disadvantages are that come
with that division - vary from society to society.

2. Not a matter of individual differences. People are obviously different from each other,
so we might assume that stratification is just a kind of natural outcome of differences, but in
reality, it is not. We know we can see the effects of social stratification on people regardless
of their personal choices or traits. For example, children of wealthy families are more likely to
live longer and be healthier, to attend college, and to excel in school as compared to children
born into poverty. Moreover, they are more likely to be wealthy themselves when they grow
up.

3. Persists across generations. Stratification serves to categorize and rank embers of

society across generations, resulting in different life chances. Yet generally, society allows
some degree of social mobility, or changes in the position within t he social hierarchy. People
sometimes move upward or downward in social class, which is the basic concept of social
mobility.

4. A social beliefs. A society’s cultural beliefs tell us how to categorize people, and they
define inequalities of a stratification system as being normal, or even fair. If people don’t
believe that the system is right, it won’t last. Beliefs are what make systems of social
stratification work and it is through these beliefs about social stratification that inform what it
means to deserve wealth, success, or power.

FORMS OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEMS

1. CLOSE SYSTEM OF STRATIFICATION
India’s Caste System is probably one of the best-known forms of close system
of stratification. While it is a social system of decreasing importance, it still holds in parts of
rural India, and has a strong legacy across the country. The traditional caste system contains
four large divisions called Varnas. It consists of Brahmin, or priests and academics in their
native language, as placed at the top of the hierarchy; followed by Khsatriya or the rulers
(kings), warriors, and administrators; then Vaishya or merchants and landowners; and last is

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the Shudra or the commoners, peasants and servants.

The system required endogamy - marriage within your own caste category. In everyday life,
the caste system determines whom one could interact with, and how, with systems of social
control, contact between lower and higher castes is restricted. This whole system is based
on a set of strong cultural and religious beliefs that living within your own category is a
moral and spiritual duty - the reason why gods are on the top of the pyramid because caste
system is governed by religious beliefs of Hinduism.
2. OPEN SYSTEM OF STRATIFICATION
Class System is one of the best examples of open system of stratification and is not based
solely on ascribed status at birth alone. Instead, it combines ascribed status and personal
achievement or achieved status in a way that allows some social mobility. Statuses are not
the same. We get different statuses in different ways and chances. Some are ascribed
statuses, which are assigned or given by the society or group based on some fixed
category, without regard to a person’s abilities or performance. Examples of ascribed status
are sex, family background, race, and ethnic heritage or wealth. A person did nothing to
earn these statuses, nor has control over these characteristics and had no opportunity or
chance to choose family, sex, and race. On the other hand, achieved statuses are earned
by the individual. The following scenarios serve as examples.
A poor teenager becomes an actress-singer after winning in a television contest. A
college graduate lands a good job because the quality of his or her performance satisfied
his or her employer. With achieved statuses, one establishes which statuses he or she
wants. Frequently, a person struggles and exerts more effort on others to get hold of them.
Class is the system of stratification we have in Philippine society. The main difference
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REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

between caste and class systems is that class systems are open, and social mobility is not
legally restricted to certain people. It is possible that through hard work and perseverance, a
citizen can move up the social hierarchy, and achieve a higher-class standing. Instead of
ancestry, lineage, or race being the key to social division, the Philippine system of
stratification has elements of meritocracy: a system in which social mobility is based on
personal merit and individual talents. Every Filipino’s dream is that anyone, no matter how
poor, can “pull himself/herself up” and become upwardly class mobile through hard work and
perseverance.
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
1. FUNCTIONALISM. At the beginning, we may think of social stratification as merely only
creating social inequality among groups of people. In some aspects of social life, it is true.
But social inequality brought by social stratification base from wealth, prestige, and power of
social groups, is indeed functional in the society according to Functionalist Theory.
Every social class has its purpose or role to play a part in the society. We can’t expect the
owner of a certain business empire to do a construction works; but instead, he will hire
someone to do it for himself. The upper class, although they are getting richer because they
have the capacity to exploit natural and man-made resources simply because they have the
money. Their role in the society could create job opportunities for other social classes below
them. In fact, there are jobs not requiring a college degree. In this sense, those who are not
able to finish their studies can still be hired. Those with college degree can be employed with
a higher paid salary and good position in a company.
2. CONFLICT THEORY. This sociological perspective is the opposite of the latter.
Karl Marx viewed social stratification as creation of inequality between the rich and the poor,
or the powerful versus the powerless. Let’s say for example: The bourgeois capitalists owning
high-producing businesses or factories and hire people who work for them. They can enjoy
the luxury of life because they earn billions of money. However, proletariats are the working
class earned skimpy wages and experiencing isolation to the society. The very essence of
life is to enjoy it with loved ones. However, working class did not experience this joy
because they are isolated to do the labor for long hours each day to earn money at the end
of the month. Marx argued that proletariats were oppressed by the money-hungry bourgeois.
3. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM. Symbolic interactionism view social stratification on a
micro level where individuals affect others whom they have interacted because of their social
class status. In most societies, people can only interact only to those with the same
social class status. For an instance, it is rare for a royal prince or princess to marry a
commoner because the commoner don’t have the same class status as to royal prince or
princess. But now, there are royal marriages already break this tradition.

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

Day 3
D.3. ENGAGEMENT
a. What’s more?
CASTE SYSTEM VERSUS CLASS SYSTEM
Activity 5: INSTRUCTION. The caste system in ancient India and the class system in the modern-
day Philippines both created an unequal balance of power in their respective society. Specific
qualities or traits separate people into groups, which results in certain groups having more power
than others. However, there are some major differences between the caste system and class
system. Identify three (3) major differences and similarities between the caste system in ancient
India and the class
in modern-day Philippine society. Fill in these differences and similarities in the Venn diagram below.
Afterwards, explain on the space provided these differences and similarities in order to fully
understand stratification system.

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Department of Education
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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

b. What I can do?

MY JOURNEY TO SOCIAL MOBILITY REGARDLESS OF
SOCIAL CLASS I BELONG TO
Activity 6: INSTRUCTION. Making it as your own motivation to reach dreams and goals in life, set
out the journey in the social class by relating your personal answers in the conditions set in each
station. Write down your responses on the space provided.

The Starting Point asks you to write your social class whether you belong to upper, middle, or
lower class based on the factors such as power, wealth and prestige. There is nothing to be
ashamed of being honest here. The First Station is for you to identify your dream profession that
you wanted to be in the future.
The Second Station is for you to state the reason whether your family can or cannot afford to
support your dream profession.
The Third Station is for you to write what are the other obstacles you may think you will encounter
in achieving your dream profession.
The Fourth Station is for you to write other ways to help yourself in supporting your finances as
you achieve your dream profession. The Milestone Station is where you finally achieve your dream
profession. On the box provided write your own motto in life that is connected in achieving your
goals or dreams in life.

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

DAY 4
D.4. ASSIMILATION
a. What have I learned?

Did you know that a fairy tale happy ending can happen in real life too? This fairy tale story of Prince
Harry and Meghan Markle started when they got married on May 19, 2018 at St. George's Chapel
on Windsor Castle in the United Kingdom. Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, is the youngest son of
Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, and is sixth in the line of succession to the
British throne. Before marrying the love of her life, Meghan Markle meanwhile was a freelance
calligrapher and taught bookbinding to support herself apart from her acting jobs back then. She
also took on several contract acting and modeling jobs, including a stint as a "briefcase girl" in the
US game show Deal or No Deal.

Activity 7: INSTRUCTION: Answer each question by completing the sentences.

QUESTION 1. As individuals before they got married, who do you think belongs to the upper class,
middle class or lower class? Explain. I think Prince Harry’s social class belongs to
___________________ while Meghan Markle’s before marrying Prince Harry, her social class
belongs to ________because __________________________________.

QUESTION 2. Do you think Prince Harry’s social status is considered as ascribed status or
achieved status? Why do you say so? I think Prince Harry’s social status is called
________________ because ______________________________________________

QUESTION 3. What form of stratification systems do you think these two personalities belong to,
caste system or class system? Why do you say so? I think in contemporary days they both belong
to___________________ because ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

Activity 8. Assessment
Multiple Choice. Read each items carefully and shade the circle that corresponds to the correct
answer.

1. Which of the following is not considered as a social class?

a. Castaways b. Lower class c. Middle class d. Lower class
2. What important factor is highlighted in class system for some social mobility?
a. Race b. Meritocracy c. Power d. Wealth
3. Which of the following groups belong to the lower class during the Philippine pre-colonial social
stratification?
a. The Maharlika b. The Alipin c. The Timawa d. The Maginoo
4. Which of the following groups belong to the upper class during the Philippine pre-colonial social
stratification?
a. The Maharlika b. The Alipin c. The Timawa d. The Maginoo
5. Which of the following choices best define the concept of social stratification?
a. It refers to people living in immense poverty
b. It refers to people in elite category
c. It refers to grouping of social classes base on the factors such as power, wealth, and
prestige
d. It is the study of indigenous people
6. Which of these choices gives a broader differentiation between upper class and lower class?
a. The upper class are those who have fancy cars while the lower class are those who are
less fortunate individuals.
b. The upper class are those elite group of people while the lower class are those
underprivileged who struggled to make ends meet on a daily basis.
c. The lower class are those who seek financial help and support from the government while
the upper class are those business owners.
d. The lower class are those with nothing to invest from while the upper class are those who
can travel the world without worrying for financial stability.
7. Which type of status is earned by an individual?
a. Single status b. Ascribed status c. Achieved status d. In a relationship status
8. Why is social stratification be considered as universal but variable?
a. Everyone is entitled to be part of a social class.
b. A man, in any chances, can change his/her own social class.
c. Social stratification is based on the factors of power, wealth, and prestige.
d. It shows up in every society in the world but how exactly it looks like vary from society to
society.

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

9. Which of the following describes the upper class?

a. A person who can afford to buy clothes and shoes.
b. A person who do not have enough money to make ends meet.
c. A person who owned businesses, is an investor.
d. A person who can buy a lot of foods and drinks for his family.
10. In class system, is social mobility possible?
a. Yes, because class system has element of meritocracy based on personal achievements
and talents of a person.
b. No, because a man, in any chances, can’t change his or her own social class.
c. No, because of social control restriction based on a set of strong cultural and religious
beliefs.
d. No, because class system has no element of meritocracy resulting in an immense social
inequality.
11. Why could social stratification be considered as a form of social belief?
a. Beliefs are universal in every society in the world.
b. Everyone believes that he or she belongs to a social class.
c. Beliefs about social stratification that inform people what it means to deserve wealth,
success or power.
d. It continues from generation to generation in every society.
12. Does social stratification persist across generations?
a. No, because everyone believes he or she belongs to a social class already
b. Yes, stratification serves to categorize and rank members of society. across generations
resulting in different life chances.
c. Yes, because it shows up in every society in the world but how exactly it looks like vary
from society to society.
d. No, it does not affect any generation in any parts of the world.
13. How do you describe a caste system?
a. It is an open system of stratification requiring the element of meritocracy for social mobility.
b. It is a close system of stratification in which an individual is restricted to his or her social
class only.
c. It is an open system of stratification with a combination of achieved and ascribed status.
d. Caste system is universal in every society in the world.
14. In caste system, is social mobility possible?
a. Yes, because caste system has element of meritocracy that is based on personal
achievements and talents of a person.
b. Yes, because a man, in any chances, can change his or her own social class.
c. No, because of social control restriction based on a set of strong cultural and religious
beliefs.
d. Yes, because anyone can achieve greatness as long as he or she works hard for it.

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Department of Education
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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

15. How does social stratification started in the society?

a. As societies evolved and became more complex, it began to elevate some members of the
society through land acquisition and gaining social status.
b. It started when people think that they can afford to invest into material things.
c. It started when a person can buy a lot of foods and drinks for his family.
d. The elements of meritocracy that is based on personal merit and achievement of a person.

References
Books:
Cordero-MacDonald, Felicidad V., Adelisa A. Raymundo, and Isabel S.
Panopio. General Sociology: Focus on the Philippines. Quezon City:
Ken,Inc.,1995.
Baleña, Ederlina D., Dolores M. Lucero, and Arnel M. Peralta. Understanding
Culture, Society and Politics for Senior High School. Quezon City:
Educational Resource Corporation, 2016.
Gerry M. Lanuza and Sarah S. Raymundo. Understanding Culture, Society,
and Politics. Recto, Manila: REX Book Store, 2016

Websites:
Morrow, Paul. Maharlika and the Ancient Class System, January 16,
2009, http://www.pilipino-express.com/history-a-culture/in-otherwords/251-maharlika-and-the-
ancient-class-system.html
Moffitt, Kimberly. Social Stratification: Definition, Theories & Examples.
Study.com. January 25, 2015.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/social-stratification-definitiontheories-examples.html.

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