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DC Machine Construction

The document discusses the construction of a DC machine, outlining its main parts including the yoke, poles, field winding, armature, commutator, brushes, and bearings. It provides details on the materials and assembly of each component.

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NANDHAKUMAR A
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24 views

DC Machine Construction

The document discusses the construction of a DC machine, outlining its main parts including the yoke, poles, field winding, armature, commutator, brushes, and bearings. It provides details on the materials and assembly of each component.

Uploaded by

NANDHAKUMAR A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC Machine Construction

Construction of DC machine

Now we will discuss about practical construction of DC Generator: A DC generator has the following
parts

1. Yoke

2. Pole & Pole shoes

3. Field winding

4. Armature of DC generator

5. Commutator

6. Brushes of generator

7. Bearing

Yoke

Yoke of dc generator serves two purposes,

1. It holds the magnetic pole cores of the generator and acts as cover of the generator.

2. It carries the magnetic field flux.


In small generator, yoke are made of cast iron. Cast iron is cheaper in cost but heavier than steel. But for
large construction of DC generator, where weight of the machine is concerned, lighter cast steel or
rolled steel is preferable for constructing yoke of DC generator.

Pole

There are mainly two types of construction available.

* Solid pole care, where it made of a solid single piece of cast iron or cast steel.

* Laminated pole core, where it made of numbers of thin, limitations of annealed steel which are riveted
together.

The thickness of the lamination is in the range of 0.04" to 0.01". The pole core is fixed to the inner
periphery of the yoke by means of bolts through the yoke and into the pole body.
Pole shoes

The pole shoes are so typically shaped, that, they spread out the magnetic flux in the air gap and reduce
the reluctance of the magnetic path.
Field winding

The field coils or pole coils are wound around the pole core. These are a simple coil of insulated copper
wire or strip, which placed on the pole which placed between yoke and pole shoes as shown.
Armature of DC generator

The purpose of armature core is to hold the armature winding and provide low reluctance path for the
flux through the armature from N pole to S pole.

Cylindrical or drum shaped armature core is build up of circular laminated sheet. In every circular
lamination, slots are either die - cut or punched on the outer periphery.

Air ducts are also punched of cut on each lamination for circulation of air through the core for providing
better cooling.
Up to diameter of 40", the circular stampings are cut out in one piece of lamination sheet. But above
40", diameter, number of suitable sections of a circle is cut. A complete circle of lamination is formed by
four or six or even eight such segment.

Armature core is made with several low hysteresis silicon steel laminations, to reduce the magnetic
losses like hysteresis and eddy current loss respectively.

Armature Winding of DC generator

The Armature Winding of DC machine is attached to the rotor, or the rotating part of the machine, and
as a result is subjected to altering magnetic field in the path of its rotation which directly results in
magnetic losses.
Armature winding of dc motor can be of two types:-

1. Lap Winding

2. Wave Winding
Commutator

The main function of commutator is to collects electric current from armature winding and sends it to
the load as direct current. It actually takes alternating current from armature and converts it to direct
current and then send it to external load. It is cylindrical structured and is build up of wedge shaped
segments of high conductivity, hard drawn or drop forged copper.

Each segment is insulated from the shaft by means of insulated commutator segment.
Brushes of generator

The brushes are made of carbon. These are rectangular block shaped. The only function

of these carbon brushes of dc generator is to collect electric current from commutator segments.

Bearing

For small machine, ball bearing is used to reduce the friction between the stator and rotor.

The bearing must always be lubricated properly for smooth operation and long life of generator.

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